Despite the demonstrated efficacy of awards in changing behavior, their use in education has been criticized by proponents of self-determination theory, who claim that praise and other rewards undermine intrinsic motivation.

" And in a June 2009 article published in the Journal of ECT, Iranian researchers observe that, " Despite the wide consensus over the safety and efficacy of electroconvulsive therapy ( ECT ), it still faces negative publicity and unfavorable attitudes of patients and families.

Despite their well-established efficacy, indications for monoamine oxidase inhibitors are currently very limited, due to their significant potential for adverse effects, many interactions, and the availability of newer and safer ( although not necessarily more efficacious ) antidepressants.

Despite some evidence showing that all the major therapeutic orientations are about of equal effectiveness, there remains much debate about the efficacy of various forms treatment in use in clinical psychology.

Despite its relative technical simplicity, the injection ( grafting ) technique for breast augmentation is accompanied by post-procedure complications — fat necrosis, calcification, and sclerotic nodules — which directly influence the technical efficacy of the procedure, and of achieving a successful outcome.

Despite literature on Dance Therapy dating back to the 1940s, there remains no scientific evidence what so ever for the therapeutic efficacy of DMT.

Despite its excellence in vitro efficacy, the frequently reported inability of penicillin to eradicate GABHS from patients with acute and relapsing tonsillitis is a cause for concern.

Despite an extensive amount of research in the USSR, ( by 1984, more than 1, 500 pharmacological and clinical published studies ), the concept is not generally recognized in Western countries as it seemed to be in contrast to some of the key concepts of modern pharmacology: potency, selectivity and with efficacy balanced by an accepted level of toxicity.

Despite a number of studies funded by the Cuban government, which produces and markets the drug, One independent clinical trial has found no evidence of the efficacy of policosanol.

Despite the importance Norman and Bennett attach to specific measures of locus of control, there are general textbooks on personality which cite studies linking internal locus of control with improved physical health, mental health and quality of life in people with diverse conditions: HIV, migraines, diabetes, kidney disease and epilepsy.

Despite surgery Valentino developed peritonitis.

Despite having no clinical psychiatric experience and, indeed, little interest in psychiatry, in 1935 at the Hospital Santa Marta in Lisbon, he devised the surgery called prefrontal leucotomy which was carried out under his direction by the neurosurgeon Pedro Almeida Lima.

Despite surgery, she died six months later on June 29, 2002, at her Beverly Hills home.

Despite an absence of formal guidelines from the American Board of Dermatology, many cosmetic fellowships are offered in both surgery and laser medicine.

Despite the increasing popularity of contact lenses and laser corrective eye surgery, glasses remain very common, as their technology has improved.

Despite the corrective surgery to his mouth in 1882, Merrick's speech remained barely intelligible.

Despite undergoing tests in advance of prostate surgery scheduled two days later, Wyden appeared up in the Senate chamber in December 2010 to vote for the Don't Ask, Don't Tell Repeal Act of 2010.

Despite treatment with chemotherapy, radiation therapy or sometimes surgery, the disease carries a poor prognosis.

Despite extensive surgery by a team of veterinarians, the tiger died of wound infection.

Despite her husband's offer to pay for her to have this surgery privately, she opted to be treated as a standard NHS patient on the public wards of her local hospital.

Despite marked advances in reconstructive surgery and rehabilitation, intensity-modulated radiotherapy ( IMRT ) and conservation approaches to certain malignancies, some patients continue to have significant functional deficits.

Despite this, the concept is not directly related to the sentinel node procedure sometimes used in cancer surgery, and it is also unrelated to the " sentinel gland " of the greater omentum.

Despite surgery and chemotherapy, he died two years later on July 23, 2008, in a hospice in Port Coquitlam, BC.

Despite undergoing surgery to correct the problem he failed to regain his fitness and missed the rest of the season, concentrating instead on a coaching role at the club.

Despite an initial good recovery from surgery, his condition suddenly worsened on 13 September and he died the following day due to cardiac arrest.

Despite finishing the game, Kesler was forced to undergo surgery to repair the damage and missed the remainder of the playoffs.

Despite having the cancer removed, Woodson would again need to undergo surgery when the cancer returned two years later and another two years following that surgery.

Despite missing the first two games of the 2003 season recovering knee surgery, Hakim went on to start 12 of the 14 games he appeared in and become Detroit's leading receiver during the season.

Despite initial reports saying he would not need to undergo surgery, Brown had hip surgery on August 27 and expected to miss four to six weeks while recovering.

Despite his achievements in rugby league, questions were asked regarding his ability to change to a different sport at a relatively old age along with doubts about how much surgery he needs on his knees.

Despite his struggles after the surgery, he eventually reached the majors in September and pitched 3. 2 scoreless innings in relief for the Giants.

Despite the increasing rate of exogamous marriages, the population has been able to sustain, at least to some degree, the consciousness of its intermediate status in society.

Despite this prohibiton, by 1844 some of the Fort Garry merchants were trading with the Indians for furs.

Despite the 45-degree weather the game was clicked off in 1:48, thanks to only three bases on balls and some good infield play.

Despite these achievements, the influence of Aristotle's errors is considered by some to have held back science considerably.

Despite these activities, for some time, the Alemanni seem to have continued their pagan cult activities, with only superficial or syncretistic Christian elements.

Despite this, some towns, like Alcácer do Sal in 1217, were conquered from the Moors by the private initiative of noblemen.

Despite the name, antidepressants are often used to treat other conditions, such as anxiety disorders, obsessive compulsive disorder, eating disorders, chronic pain, and some hormone-mediated disorders such as dysmenorrhea.

Despite this regional organization, some bus and tram routes operated by STIB / MIVB go beyond the regional border, and some bus routes operated by TEC or De Lijn transport passengers from the Flemish or Walloon regions to the capital city.

Despite the opposition of some of their number, the Israelites assemble and send away their foreign wives and children.

Despite the fact that the housemates are generally isolated, on some occasions some contestants are allowed to exit the house as part of tasks.

Despite everything, however, there are some who support both dates and even some who support dates other than the two major possibilities presented.

Unfortunately in the literature the definition is given in two variants: Despite the fact that Bernoulli defined B < sub > 1 </ sub > = 1 / 2 ( now known as " second Bernoulli numbers "), some authors set B < sub > 1 </ sub > = − 1 / 2 (" first Bernoulli numbers ").

Despite the difficult relations between the local Cubans and the new Europeans, some cooperation was in evidence.

Despite a cast led by Charlton Heston and Yul Brynner and some impressive battle scenes, the film was considered a disappointment by many.

" Despite having the quote presented to a notable organisation, it has also appeared in books such as " The Most Stupid Words Ever Spoken " as it is deemed by some Westerners as a prime example of a lack of understanding of foreign culinary traditions in the Western world.

Despite the potential for a financially strong owner, Stouffer had some non-baseball related financial setbacks and, consequently, the team was cash-poor.

Despite this uncertainty in defining borders, it does have some important overall characteristics.

Despite some early cooperative military successes against Japan, by the time that the Japanese surrendered in 1945 neither the CPC nor the KMT trusted each other or were actively cooperating.

Despite some claims that shotgun sequencing was in some ways less accurate than the clone-by-clone method chosen by the Human Genome Project, the technique became widely accepted by the scientific community and is still the de facto standard used today.

Despite the drop on popularity of the romantic dramas, some of them have enjoyed big box office and critical success, as the controversial, groundbreaking Brokeback Mountain ( 2005 ) for example, that won several awards and Slumdog Millionaire ( 2008 ), a critically acclaimed romantic-drama that has been nominated for ten Academy Awards, and went on to win eight of them, including Best Picture.

Despite some challenges, the merger succeeded.