During the Age of Enlightenment, theologians and philosophers presented various philosophies and beliefs.

During the Scottish Enlightenment and Industrial Revolution, Scotland became one of the commercial, intellectual and industrial powerhouses of Europe.

During this time, Jews have experienced slavery, anarchic and theocratic self-government, conquest, occupation, and exile ; in the Diasporas, they have been in contact with and have been influenced by ancient Egyptian, Babylonian, Persian, and Hellenic cultures, as well as modern movements such as the Enlightenment ( see Haskalah ) and the rise of nationalism, which would bear fruit in the form of a Jewish state in the Levant.

Eugène Delacroix's Liberty Leading the People ( 1830, Louvre ), a painting created at a time where old and modern political philosophies came into violent conflict. During the Enlightenment period, new theories about what the human was and is and about the definition of reality and the way it was perceived, along with the discovery of other societies in the Americas, and the changing needs of political societies ( especially in the wake of the English Civil War, the American Revolution and the French Revolution ) led to new questions and insights by such thinkers as Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Montesquieu and John Locke.

During the previous pontificate the Jesuits had been expelled from Portugal and from all the Bourbon courts: France, Spain, Naples, and Parma ; now the general suppression of the order was urged by the faction called the " court cardinals ", who were opposed by the diminished pro-Jesuit faction, the Zelanti (" zealous "), who were generally opposed to the encroaching secularism of the Enlightenment.

During the Age of Enlightenment and Nordic Renaissance, historical scholarship in Scandinavia became more rational and pragmatic in the works of a Danish-Norwegian historian Ludvig Holberg and Swedish Olof von Dalin.

During the Enlightenment, Rome was idealized, while the Goths and Vandals were blamed for its destruction.

During the 18th century, the Enlightenment culminated in the French and American revolutions.

During the 19th century the idea that men were everywhere and always the same that had characterized both classical antiquity and the Enlightenment was exchanged for a more organic and dynamic evolutionary concept of human history.

During the 18th century, the population of city largely embraced the ideas carried by the Enlightenment and latter French Revolution.

During the October Revolution of 1917, the Bolsheviks established an institution called Proletkult ( the Proletarian Cultural and Enlightenment Organizations ) which sought to put all arts into the service of the dictatorship of the proletariat.

During the Middle Ages and Enlightenment, English cuisine enjoyed an excellent reputation ; its decline can be traced back to the move away from the land and increasing urbanisation of the populace during the Industrial Revolution.

During the Age of Enlightenment, belief in the powers of witches and sorcerers to harm began to die out in the West.

During the Age of Enlightenment, Russian aristocracy used their allotments for social and cultural gatherings, which were usually accompanied by masquerade balls and fireworks displays.

During the Aufklärung, or Enlightenment, history began to be seen as both linear and irreversible.

During the Renaissance and Age of Enlightenment, individualism came to be valued.

During the 19th century, ( especially the 1840s and 1850s ), Jewish immigration was primarily of Ashkenazi Jews from Germany, bringing a liberal, educated population that had experience with the Haskalah, or Jewish Enlightenment.

During this time that notable intellectual contributions were made by both colleges to the Scottish Enlightenment.

During the " pre-March " period, the already conservative Austrian Empire moved further away from ideas of the Age of Enlightenment, restricted freedom of the press, and limited many university activities, including banning fraternities.

During twenty-one days after his Enlightenment, the buddha delivered the Avatamsaka Sutra.

During the Age of Enlightenment, the Jewish Haskalah movement pursuing emancipation orientated itself by German protagonists like Moses Mendelssohn as in the Prussian lands under Frederick the Great, so-called Schutzjuden were able to live under the circumstances of a limited religious tolerance.

During the Age of Enlightenment, political entities expanded from basic systems of self-governance and monarchy to the complex democratic and communist systems that exist in the Industrialized and the Modern Eras.

During the Age of Enlightenment, natural law theory challenged the divine right of kings, and became an alternative justification for the establishment of a social contract, positive law, and government — and thus legal rights — in the form of classical republicanism.

During the period of Enlightenment in Poland he was written about by poets and writers such as Stanisław Potocki, Franciszek Karpiński, Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz and Franciszek Ksawery Dmowski, and a biography by Michał Krajewski, cementing his legend of a hero rescuing Poland from anarchy and invasion, a legend that became even stronger during the times of the partitions of Poland in the 19th century, where the artists of the Polish romanticism period used him as a symbol of patriotism, and a reminder of military successes.

During one of Fisher's extended vacations, Capp's Joe Palooka story arc introduced a stupid, coarse, oafish mountaineer named " Big Leviticus ," a crude prototype.

During the extended peak of the strip, the workload grew to include advertising, merchandising, promotional work, public service comics and other specialty work — in addition to the regular six dailies and one Sunday strip per week.

During the end of the 9th century, the Samanids extended its rule from Bukhara to as far south as the Indus River and west into most of Persia.

During the end of the 9th century, the Samanids extended its rule from Bukhara to as far south as the Indus River and west into most of Persia.

During Constantine's reign the rulers of the southern kingdoms of Wessex and Mercia, later the Kingdom of England, extended their authority northwards into the disputed kingdoms of Northumbria.

During Paschaltide, in some traditions the Pascal greeting with the Easter egg is even extended to the deceased.

During the late Old Kingdom and the First Intermediate Period ( c. 2181 – 2055 BC ), the Egyptians gradually came to believe that possession of a ba and the possibility of a paradisiacal afterlife extended to everyone.

During his career, Aaron performed at a consistently high level for an extended period of time.

During the early Iron Age Brythonic culture held sway, there being no evidence that the Roman occupation of southern Scotland extended to these islands.

During this time, the trial of Michael Servetus was extended by libertines in an attempt to harass Calvin.

During his reign, he declared jihad against the surrounding tribes and initiated an extended period of conquest.

During medieval times, when learning came under the purview of the Church, these subjects ( called the Trivium ) were extended to include mathematics, geometry, music, and astronomy ( which included the study of astrology ).

During the 19th century, Karl Marx extended the concept of materialism to elaborate a materialist conception of history centered on the roughly empirical world of human activity ( practice, including labor ) and the institutions created, reproduced, or destroyed by that activity ( see materialist conception of history ).

During that time telephone lines were extended to Jeddah and Ta ’ if, but not to the capital Riyadh.

During his reign as Sultan, Osman I extended the frontiers of Turkish settlement toward the edge of the Byzantine Empire.

During the Middle Ages, Greek ideas about optics were resurrected and extended by writers in the Muslim world.

During the later part of this decade Rilke spent extended periods in Ronda, the famous bull-fighting center in southern Spain.

During the height of its power in the 2nd and 3rd centuries BC, Meroe extended over a region from the third cataract in the north to Soba, near present-day Khartoum, in the south.

During the early 1990s in individual pursuit events, some riders, most notably Graeme Obree, adopted a straight-armed Superman-like position with their arms fully extended horizontally, but this position was subsequently outlawed by the Union Cycliste Internationale ( UCI ), the sport's ruling body.

During the Ohio Constitutional Convention in 1802, the delegates allegedly received reports from a fur trapper that Lake Michigan extended significantly farther south than had previously been believed ( or mapped ).

During the revolution, particularly after the Declaration of Independence in 1776 this use was extended to cover anyone who remained loyal to the British Crown.

During the second part, the reason for his travels is revealed: the hitchhiker has been filming his extended family to bring home to his blind mother ( Jeanne Moreau ).

During 1733 Pitt was granted extended leave and he traveled again to Continental Europe.

During " Holidays Around the World ," Illuminations: Reflections of Earth features a special extended ending.