During the first 80 years the French and Acadians were in Nova Scotia, there were nine significant battles as the English and Scottish ( later British ), Dutch and French fought for possession of the colony.

During the 17th and 18th centuries, the shorter smallsword became an essential fashion accessory in European countries and the New World, though in some places such as the Scottish Highlands large swords as the basket-hilted broadsword were preferred, and most wealthy men and military officers carried one slung from a belt.

During the reign of Rama III ( 1824 – 1851 ,) a Scottish trader had experimental coins struck in England at the king's behest, Though not adopted for use, the name of the country put on these first coins was Muang Thai, not Siam.

During the journey to Scotland in 1580 and during his second stay there he was organizing transports of Scottish youths to be trained in Polish schools.

During the 1990s, various American and Scottish publishers ( most notably Rebel Inc .) reissued his originally pseudonymous Olympia Press novels and a retrospective of his articles for Merlin and others, A Life in Pieces ( 1997 ), was issued in response to revived interest in his life and work by a younger generation.

During the Scottish Reformation, the abbey church was sacked in March 1560.

During the 15th century, the abbey guesthouse was developed into a royal residence, and after the Scottish Reformation the Palace of Holyroodhouse was expanded further.

During the negotiations, Edward stayed briefly at Edinburgh Castle, and may have received homage from Scottish nobles at the castle.

During the 19th century, several schemes were put forward for rebuilding the whole castle as a Scottish Baronial style château.

During the reign of Louis XV there were also an Irish Scottish ( Garde Écossaise ), a Swedish ( Royal-Suédois ), an Italian ( Royal-Italien ) and a Walloon ( Horion-Liegeois ) regiments recruited outside the borders of France.

During the 16th century Scottish immigrants began to come in large numbers ( Dun, Huyson, and Nikielson ).

During the era of Romanticism, when knowledge of Celtic culture was overlaid by legends and fictions, the word was reintroduced into the West Germanic languages, this time directly into the English language, in the sense of ' lyric poet ', idealised by writers such as the Scottish romantic novelist Sir Walter Scott.

During the Ancien Régime, French baronies were very much like Scottish ones.

During the Second World War, Scottish Aviation was involved in aircraft fitting for the war effort.

During this siege, the famed Scottish captain of the Royal Navy Thomas Cochrane assisted the Spanish by putting his men into Castell de la Trinitat to help defend the town.

During the Wars of Scottish Independence the Hamilton family initially supported the English and Walter fitz Gilbert ( the head of the Hamilton family ) was governor of Bothwell Castle on behalf of the English.

During one voyage in 1830 he was wrecked on the Scottish coast near Leith, as a result of which he came into contact with Edinburgh architect James Gillespie Graham, who advised him to abandon seafaring for architecture.

During the first 80 years the French and Acadians were in Acadia, there were ten significant battles as the English, Scottish, Dutch and French fought for possession of the colony.

During this operation it was widely reported that the Catholic forces killed many of the Swedish and Scottish soldiers while they were surrendering.

During the Wars of Scottish Independence the Clan Ross fought against the English at the Battle of Dunbar ( 1296 ) where their chief, the Earl of Ross was captured.

During the Civil War at the Battle of Carbisdale the Clan Ross and Clan Munro fought on the side of the Scottish Government, then led by the Duke of Argyll.

During the war of Scottish Independence the English army took over the old castle at Sanquhar.

During his time with Dundee and Arsenal, Ure also made 11 appearances for the Scottish national team.

During the English Civil War, the city of York was under siege from Scottish and Parliamentarian Armies.

During the Age of Enlightenment, theologians and philosophers presented various philosophies and beliefs.

During this time, Jews have experienced slavery, anarchic and theocratic self-government, conquest, occupation, and exile ; in the Diasporas, they have been in contact with and have been influenced by ancient Egyptian, Babylonian, Persian, and Hellenic cultures, as well as modern movements such as the Enlightenment ( see Haskalah ) and the rise of nationalism, which would bear fruit in the form of a Jewish state in the Levant.

Eugène Delacroix's Liberty Leading the People ( 1830, Louvre ), a painting created at a time where old and modern political philosophies came into violent conflict. During the Enlightenment period, new theories about what the human was and is and about the definition of reality and the way it was perceived, along with the discovery of other societies in the Americas, and the changing needs of political societies ( especially in the wake of the English Civil War, the American Revolution and the French Revolution ) led to new questions and insights by such thinkers as Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Montesquieu and John Locke.

During the previous pontificate the Jesuits had been expelled from Portugal and from all the Bourbon courts: France, Spain, Naples, and Parma ; now the general suppression of the order was urged by the faction called the " court cardinals ", who were opposed by the diminished pro-Jesuit faction, the Zelanti (" zealous "), who were generally opposed to the encroaching secularism of the Enlightenment.

During the Enlightenment, anti-monarchism extended beyond the civic humanism of the Renaissance.

During the Age of Enlightenment and Nordic Renaissance, historical scholarship in Scandinavia became more rational and pragmatic in the works of a Danish-Norwegian historian Ludvig Holberg and Swedish Olof von Dalin.

During the Enlightenment, Rome was idealized, while the Goths and Vandals were blamed for its destruction.

During the 18th century, the Enlightenment culminated in the French and American revolutions.

During the 19th century the idea that men were everywhere and always the same that had characterized both classical antiquity and the Enlightenment was exchanged for a more organic and dynamic evolutionary concept of human history.

During the 18th century, the population of city largely embraced the ideas carried by the Enlightenment and latter French Revolution.

During the October Revolution of 1917, the Bolsheviks established an institution called Proletkult ( the Proletarian Cultural and Enlightenment Organizations ) which sought to put all arts into the service of the dictatorship of the proletariat.

During the Middle Ages and Enlightenment, English cuisine enjoyed an excellent reputation ; its decline can be traced back to the move away from the land and increasing urbanisation of the populace during the Industrial Revolution.

During the Age of Enlightenment, belief in the powers of witches and sorcerers to harm began to die out in the West.

During the Age of Enlightenment, Russian aristocracy used their allotments for social and cultural gatherings, which were usually accompanied by masquerade balls and fireworks displays.

During the Aufklärung, or Enlightenment, history began to be seen as both linear and irreversible.

During the Renaissance and Age of Enlightenment, individualism came to be valued.

During the 19th century, ( especially the 1840s and 1850s ), Jewish immigration was primarily of Ashkenazi Jews from Germany, bringing a liberal, educated population that had experience with the Haskalah, or Jewish Enlightenment.

During this time that notable intellectual contributions were made by both colleges to the Scottish Enlightenment.

During the " pre-March " period, the already conservative Austrian Empire moved further away from ideas of the Age of Enlightenment, restricted freedom of the press, and limited many university activities, including banning fraternities.

During twenty-one days after his Enlightenment, the buddha delivered the Avatamsaka Sutra.

During the Age of Enlightenment, the Jewish Haskalah movement pursuing emancipation orientated itself by German protagonists like Moses Mendelssohn as in the Prussian lands under Frederick the Great, so-called Schutzjuden were able to live under the circumstances of a limited religious tolerance.

During the Age of Enlightenment, political entities expanded from basic systems of self-governance and monarchy to the complex democratic and communist systems that exist in the Industrialized and the Modern Eras.

During the Age of Enlightenment, natural law theory challenged the divine right of kings, and became an alternative justification for the establishment of a social contract, positive law, and government — and thus legal rights — in the form of classical republicanism.

During the period of Enlightenment in Poland he was written about by poets and writers such as Stanisław Potocki, Franciszek Karpiński, Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz and Franciszek Ksawery Dmowski, and a biography by Michał Krajewski, cementing his legend of a hero rescuing Poland from anarchy and invasion, a legend that became even stronger during the times of the partitions of Poland in the 19th century, where the artists of the Polish romanticism period used him as a symbol of patriotism, and a reminder of military successes.