During the Tsarist times, the Ainu living in Russia were forbidden from identifying themselves as such, since the Imperial Japanese officials had claimed that all the regions inhabited by the Ainu in the past or present, are a part of Japan.

During the Sino-Japanese War ( 1937 – 1945 ) and World War II ( 1939 – 1945 ), the Special Research Units of the Imperial Japanese Army, such as Unit 731, conducted human experimentation on thousands of Chinese, among others.

During this brief era, when China was in all respects a multi-state system, five regimes rapidly succeeded one another in control of the old Imperial heartland in northern China.

During Heizei's reign, the bodyguards were reorganized ; the existing Imperial Bodyguards became the Left Imperial Bodyguards, while the Middle Bodyguards became the Right Imperial Bodyguards.

* 1937 – Yekatit 12: During a public ceremony at the Viceregal Palace ( the former Imperial residence ) in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, two Ethiopian nationalists of Eritrean origin attempt to kill viceroy Rodolfo Graziani with a number of grenades.

During World War I and the rise of Germanism, the ( Svecomans ) began covert collaboration with Imperial Germany, and from 1915 – 1917 a " Jäger " ( Jääkärit ) battalion consisting of 1, 900 Finnish volunteers was trained in Germany.

During his Danube sojourn ( Drinkwater suggests in 255 or 256 ) he proclaimed his elder son Valerian II Caesar and thus official heir to himself and Valerian I ; the boy probably now joined Gallienus on campaign and when Gallienus moved west to the Rhine provinces in 257 remained behind on the Danube as the personification of Imperial authority.

During the late 13th century and first half of the 14th century, Chinese under the Mongol-controlled Yuan Dynasty were not allowed to enter higher posts of government ( reserved for Mongols or other ethnic groups from Central Asia ), and the Imperial examination was ceased for the time being.

During World War I, the Imperial Army Air Service utilised a wide variety of aircraft, ranging from fighters ( such as those manufactured by Albatros-Flugzeugwerke and Fokker ) to reconnaissance aircraft ( Aviatik and DFW ) and heavy bombers ( Gothaer Waggonfabrik, better known simply as Gotha, and the Zeppelin-Staaken R. VI " giant " heavy bomber ).

* 1942 – During the Battle of the Coral Sea, United States Navy aircraft carrier aircraft attack and sink the Japanese Imperial Navy light aircraft carrier Shōhō.

During World War I, the Battle of Tannenberg and the First and Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes between Imperial Germany and the Russian Empire took place within the borders of Masuria in 1914.

During the 20th century, Imperial Japan and Nazi Germany ( towards Russian POW ) were notorious for atrocities against prisoners during World War II.

During the first part of the Shōwa era, the governments of Imperial Japan launched a string of policies to promote total war effort against China or occidental powers and increase industrial production.

During the unsuccessful siege of Nuremberg, in 1632, civilians and soldiers in both the Swedish and Imperial armies succumbed to typhus and scurvy.

During the course of the war the Imperial Russian and Imperial Japanese navies would launch nearly 300 torpedoes at each other, all of them of the " self propelled automotive " type.

During the war the Imperial Russian Navy in addition to their other warships, deployed 86 torpedo boats and launched 27 torpedoes ( from all warships ) in three major campaigns, scoring 5 hits.

During the Great Northern War, plague stricken Tallinn along with Swedish Estonia and Livonia capitulated to Imperial Russia in 1710, but the local self-government institutions ( Magistracy of Reval and Chivalry of Estonia ) retained their cultural and economical autonomy within Imperial Russia as the Duchy of Estonia.

** Yekatit 12: During a public ceremony at the Viceregal Palace ( the former Imperial residence ) in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, two Eritrean nationalists attempt to kill viceroy Rodolfo Graziani with a number of grenades.

During World War II, the region was invaded by the Japanese Imperial Army and included in the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere.

During his first seven years as Emperor, Otto II was constantly occupied with maintaining Imperial power against internal rivals and external enemies.

During the journey, in late June or early July 980, the Empress Theophanu gave birth to the Imperial couple's their only son: Otto III.

During the post-Phoenician era of the eighth century a palace was erected and a port was also constructed, which served the trade with the Greeks and the Levantines.

During the more recent Modern era and in the Post-Modern period the artillery crew has used wheeled or tracked vehicles as a mode of transportation.

During ancient times Aegina was a rival to Athens, the great sea power of the era.

During the Weimar era, Berlin became internationally renowned as a center of cultural transformation, at the heart of the Roaring Twenties.

During the Communist era, the army members enjoyed extensive social privileges.

During the 19th century the Liberal Party was broadly in favour of what would today be called classical liberalism: supporting laissez-faire economic policies such as free trade and minimal government interference in the economy ( this doctrine was usually termed ' Gladstonian Liberalism ' after the Victorian era Liberal Prime Minister William Ewart Gladstone ).

During the era of McCarthyism, Chaplin was accused of " un-American activities " as a suspected communist.

During Mozi's era, war and famines were common, and population growth was seen as a moral necessity for a harmonious society.

During the era after the war, later called the Pax Mongolica, adventurous Westerners such as Marco Polo travelled all the way to China and brought the first reports of its wonders to Europe.

During this era, Chinese scholars attempted to incorporate Western philosophical ideologies such as democracy, Marxism, socialism, liberalism, republicanism, and nationalism into Chinese philosophy.

During the early computer era, Chinese characters were categorized by their radicals or Pinyin ( or romanization ), but results weren't completely satisfactory.

During this era, the Cottage was used for choir singing and marching bands along with other performances, and Mass.

During the 1930-60's era, Fulham often averaged over 45, 000.

During this period, which has become known as baseball's dead-ball era, Cub infielders Joe Tinker, Johnny Evers, and Frank Chance were made famous as a double-play combination by Franklin P. Adams ' poem Baseball's Sad Lexicon.

During the era Kingdom of Serbia, six censuses were conducted starting on 1884 and the last one being in 1910.

During this era, public authorities in Massachusetts dealt with the threat primarily by means of quarantine.

During the classical era of Buddhist philosophy in India, philosophers such as Dharmakirti argue for a dualism between states of consciousness and Buddhist atoms ( the basic building blocks that make up reality ), according to " the standard interpretation " of Dharmakirti's Buddhist metaphysics.

During the plantation era, Diego Garcia was home to large herds of Sicilian Donkeys ( Equus asinus ), dozens of horses ( Equus caballus ), hundreds of dogs ( Canis familiaris ) and house cats ( Felis catus ).

During the Cold War era, the United States was keen to establish a military base in the Indian Ocean to counter Soviet influence in the region and protect the sea-lanes for oil transportation from the Middle East.

During this dark era in franchise history, the team was derisively known as the " Dead Wings " or " Dead Things ".

During Mozi's era, war and famines were common, and population growth was seen as a moral necessity for a harmonious society.

During the second era ( 7th – 9th editions, 1827 – 1901 ), the Britannica was managed by the Edinburgh publishing firm, A & C Black.

During this period and into the Jacobean era that followed, the English theatre reached its highest peaks.

During the Perestroika era, The Law on the Status of the Estonian Language was adopted in January 1989.