During the late Permian all the continents were combined into one supercontinent named Pangaea and all the oceans formed one superocean, Panthalassa.

During the upper part of the Carboniferous period, a marked decline in echinoid diversity occurred, and this trend continued to the Permian period.

During the Carboniferous and Permian periods ( 340-250 million years ago ), Hạ Long Bay was at shallow sea level.

Paleozoic Era: During the Pennsylvanian Period a volcanic arc develops followed by the formation of the Basal Rock Unit ( volcanic breccias, lava flows, clastic sedimentary rock, Chert, Shale, Fossil-bearing Limestones ) during the Permian Period.

During the Permian and Triassic periods, with the Iapetus Ocean entirely closed, Scotland lay near the centre of the Pangaean supercontinent.

During the Permian – Triassic extinction event ( 250 million years ago ) a severe anoxic event seems to have occurred where these forms of bacteria became the dominant force in oceanic ecosystems, producing copious amounts of hydrogen sulfide.

During the Middle Permian they were very diverse, including groups like the Venyukovioidea, the Dromasauria, the Dicynodontia, and early very primitive forms like Anomocephalus and Patranomodon.

During the decade that followed, the common man, as that piece put it, grew uncomfortable as the Voice of God and fled from behind Saint Woodrow ( Wilson ) only to learn from Science, to his shocked relief that after all there was no God he had to speak for and that he was just an animal anyhow -- that there was a chemical formula for him, and that too much couldn't be expected of him.

During the 1920's the Abstractionists, the German Bauhaus group of industrial designers, and the new architects all had the dream of some well ordered utopia, or welfare state, in which their neat and logical constructions might find their proper place.

And, he added: `` During the many months in prison camp, all abstract images vanished from my mind ''.

During the rest of the summer my scholarly mania for making plaster casts and spatter prints of Catskill flowers and leaves was all but surpassed by the constantly renewed impressions of Jessica that my mind served up to me for contemplation and delight.

During all this time Roy continued to paint, first only on weekends, and then, as the family business permitted, for longer periods.

During all his busy life he had only done things which had to be done.

During the nineteenth century these views were protested by virtually all the Latin American writers, though ineffectively, just as the new nations of Africa and Asia protest them, with more effect, today.

During the Tsarist times, the Ainu living in Russia were forbidden from identifying themselves as such, since the Imperial Japanese officials had claimed that all the regions inhabited by the Ainu in the past or present, are a part of Japan.

During his three years in this office, he " moved resolutely to eradicate all pro-Confederate influences in the state.

During the lifetime of Muhammad, he was involved in several campaigns such as the Battle of Uhud, the Battle of the Trench, the Invasion of Banu Qurayza, Battle of Khaybar, the Conquest of Mecca, the Battle of Hunayn, the Siege of Ta ' if, and the Battle of Tabuk where he was reported to have given all of his wealth for the preparation of this expedition.

During this time he ate shellfish, and scanned the ocean daily for rescue, suffering all the while from loneliness, misery and remorse.

During the Renaissance, artists and mathematicians valued pure forms and rediscovered all of these forms.

During a large revolt, dissidents marched on Córdoba itself ; However, Abd al-Rahman always managed to stay one step ahead, and crushed all opposition ; as he always dealt severely with dissidence in al-Andalus.

During the summer months ( April – September ), dogs are banned from the Silver Sands but they are allowed all year round at the Black Sands.

During the early centuries of Christianity the title " pope " was applied generally to all bishops ; it now has more specific meanings that vary between churches.

During the early eighties, nearly all BASE jumps were made using standard skydiving equipment, including two parachutes ( main and reserve ), and deployment components.

During its 19-year run, Gwalarn tried to raise the language to the level of other great “ international ” languages by creating original works covering all genres and by proposing Breton translations of internationally-recognized foreign works.

During this period, all the war's major combatants developed mechanised force theories.

During his highschool days in Galatasaray High School ( and later in Şişli Terakki High School ) he formed his first band, Kafadarlar (" The Buddies "), allegedly upon seeing Erkin Koray's band performing, all students of Deutsche Schule Istanbul ( İstanbul Alman Lisesi ), a nearby highschool.

During the drafting of the Indian Constitution, laws from Ireland, the United States, Britain, and France were all synthesized to get a refined set of Indian laws, as it currently stands.

During his rule, members of Yakoma were granted all key positions in the administration and made up a majority of the military.

During this brief era, when China was in all respects a multi-state system, five regimes rapidly succeeded one another in control of the old Imperial heartland in northern China.

During the era after the war, later called the Pax Mongolica, adventurous Westerners such as Marco Polo travelled all the way to China and brought the first reports of its wonders to Europe.

During June, the Rockies led all of major league baseball with 151 total runs.

During the speech a directive went out to all US forces worldwide placing them on DEFCON 3.

During an international space symposium in May 1966, attended by space scientists from the United States and Soviet Union, he first proposed that manned landings on the moons would be a logical step after a manned landing on the Earth's moon.

During a solar maximum, the Earth's atmosphere causes drag up to a hundred kilometres higher than during a solar minimum.

During sunrise and sunset sunlight is attenuated due to Rayleigh scattering and Mie scattering from a particularly long passage through Earth's atmosphere, and the Sun is sometimes faint enough to be viewed comfortably with the naked eye or safely with optics ( provided there is no risk of bright sunlight suddenly appearing through a break between clouds ).

During the course of a day, because of the Earth's rotation, the entire circle of the ecliptic will pass through the ascendant and will be advanced by about 1 °.

During the night, it determines cirrus cloud cover by detecting the Earth's infrared emissions.

During the era of the original series, Captain James Kirk once noted ( in the episode Metamorphosis ) that humanity was on " a thousand planets and spreading out ;" however, this number apparently encompasses Earth's many off-Earth colonies and the various alien worlds on which humans can be found ( just as non-humans have been depicted as residing on Earth ) and should not be taken to mean that the Federation itself had a thousand members at that time.

During the mid-19th century it was thought that it should be possible to measure aether wind effects of first order, i. e. effects proportional to v / c ( v being Earth's velocity, c the speed of light ).

During the cooling, the basalt records the direction of the Earth's field.

During colder periods of the Earth's history ( glacials ) such as during the ice ages, < sup > 16 </ sup > O is preferentially evaporated from the colder oceans, leaving the slightly heavier and more sluggish < sup > 18 </ sup > O behind.

During 1847, he got his doctorate from the University of Halle on optical effects in the Earth's atmosphere.

During a solar minimum, the decrease in ultraviolet light received from the Sun leads to a decrease in the concentration of ozone, allowing increased UVB to penetrate to the Earth's surface.

During the final four episodes of the season, the Autobots unwillingly team up with Megatron to battle a legendary threat to Earth's existence, Unicron.

During this period, the advanced European nations bought through treaties and in some cases, conquered through acts of war, 20 % of the Earth's land area ( nearly 23, 000, 000 km² ).

During the battle, the Drakh released a viral weapon into Earth's atmosphere, infecting every living thing on the planet.

During the nine-day mission the crew performed experiments which explored how humans, animals and cells respond to microgravity and re-adapt to Earth's gravity on return.

During this highly successful 8-day mission, the seven-man crew deployed, operated, and retrieved a remotely-controlled spacecraft and conducted several science experiments to include research of both natural and induced phenomena in the Earth's atmosphere.

During the Earth's 243 sidereal orbital periods, which total 88757. 3 days, Venus completes 395 sidereal orbital periods of 224. 701 days each, equal to 88756. 9 Earth days.

During the early years of Earth's existence, when the planet was much hotter, greater degrees of melting at spreading oceanic ridges generated oceanic lithosphere with thick crust, much thicker than 12 miles ( 20 km ), and a highly depleted mantle.

During the Early Archean, Earth's heat flow was nearly three times higher than it is today because of the greater concentration of radioactive isotopes and the residual heat from the Earth's accretion.

During the cataclysmic events that ensued when Megatron transported Cybertron into Earth's orbit, Starscream attempted to use the Decepticons ' human ally, Doctor Arkeville, for his own purposes.

During solar maxima the Earth's atmosphere causes significant drag up to a hundred kilometers higher than during solar minima.

During the final four episodes of the season, the Autobots unwillingly team up with Megatron to battle a legendary threat to Earth's existence, Unicron.

During an interview in the documentary Black Sky: The Race For Space, Rutan stated that Tier One will cover suborbital flights, Tier Two will cover orbital flights, and Tier Three will cover flights beyond Earth's orbit ( including flights to the moon and other planets ).