A Dyson sphere is a hypothetical megastructure originally described by Freeman Dyson.

Dyson is credited with being the first to formalize the concept of the Dyson sphere in his 1960 paper " Search for Artificial Stellar Sources of Infra-Red Radiation ", published in the journal Science.

In response to letters prompted by this paper, Dyson replied, " A solid shell or ring surrounding a star is mechanically impossible.

Freeman John Dyson FRS ( born December 15, 1923 ) is a British-born American theoretical physicist and mathematician, famous for his work in quantum electrodynamics, solid-state physics, astronomy and nuclear engineering.

Dyson is a member of the Board of Sponsors of the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists.

Despite sharing a last name, he is not related to the early 20th century astronomer Frank Watson Dyson, but as a small boy Freeman Dyson was aware of Frank Watson Dyson.

" I have the sense that when consensus is forming like ice hardening on a lake, Dyson will do his best to chip at the ice ," physics Nobel laureate Steven Weinberg said of him.

Dyson is best known for demonstrating in 1949 the equivalence of the formulations of quantum electrodynamics that existed by that time – Richard Feynman's diagrams, on the one hand, and, on the other, the operator method developed by Julian Schwinger and Sin-Itiro Tomonaga.

, Dyson is the president of the Space Studies Institute, the space research organization founded by Gerard K. O ' Neill.

Dyson is a regular contributor to the New York Review of Books.

Dyson cheerfully admits his record as a prophet is mixed, but " it is better to be wrong than to be vague.

Dyson conceived that such structures would be clouds of asteroid-sized space habitats, though science fiction writers have preferred a solid structure: either way, such an artifact is often referred to as a Dyson sphere, although Dyson himself used the term " shell ".

Dyson agrees that anthropogenic global warming exists, and has written that " ne of the main causes of warming is the increase of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere resulting from our burning of fossil fuels such as oil and coal and natural gas.

Dyson is well-aware that his " heresy " on global warming has been strongly criticized.

The number of times the interaction Hamiltonian acts is the order of the perturbation expansion, and the time-dependent perturbation theory for fields is known as the Dyson series.

The Dyson series can be alternately rewritten as a sum over Feynman diagrams, where at each interaction vertex both the energy and momentum are conserved, but where the length of the energy momentum four vector is not equal to the mass.

Examples include Bill Mazeroski, who is the only player in Major League Baseball history to end a seventh game of the World Series with a walk-off home run ( however, Mazeroski is a member of the Baseball Hall of Fame, due primarily to his status as one of the greatest defensive infielders of all time ); Paul Henderson, a Canadian ice hockey player who scored the deciding goal in the 1972 Summit Series ; Mike Jones, who tackled Kevin Dyson at the one-yard line on the final play of Super Bowl XXXIV ; and Jimmy Glass, an English football goalkeeper, who is remembered for scoring a goal in the last seconds of the final day of 1998-99 English Third Division that kept his club in The Football League.

Currently, Dyson is a board member and active investor in a variety of start-ups, mostly in online services, health care / genetics, and space travel.

Dyson has also been a board member or early investor in several tech startups, among them TrustedID, Cygnus Solutions, Flickr, del. icio. us, Eventful, Netbeans, Powerset, Systinet, ZEDO, CV-Online, Medscape, Medstory, Meetup, Valkee and Vurve.

Dyson is an active member of a number of non-profit and advisory organizations.

* Christopher Dyson – Bernie Leadon, one time Patti boyfriend and founding member of the band The Eagles

He is best known as a member of the comedy team The League of Gentlemen alongside Reece Shearsmith, Steve Pemberton and co-writer Jeremy Dyson, and has both written for and acted in the TV series Doctor Who and Sherlock.

Gatiss is perhaps best known as a member of the sketch comedy team The League of Gentlemen ( along with fellow performers Reece Shearsmith, Steve Pemberton and co-writer Jeremy Dyson ).

When Dyson was giving a lecture in Adelaide, Australia on the subject of space exploration with biotechnology, an audience member called out " Oh, you mean this is an astro-chicken.

* Hugo Dyson ( 1896 – 1975 ), an English academic and a member of the Inklings literary group

Steve James Pemberton ( born 1 September 1967 ) is an English actor, comedian, writer and performer, most famous as a member of The League of Gentlemen along with fellow performers Reece Shearsmith, Mark Gatiss and co-writer Jeremy Dyson.

He is best known as a member of the sketch comedy team The League of Gentlemen, along with fellow performers Mark Gatiss, Reece Shearsmith, and co-writer Jeremy Dyson, all of whom he met at Bretton Hall drama school in his late teens.

Alongside his writing work, Dyson also plays keyboards in a pop band called Rudolf Rocker, and has previously been a member of Leeds band Flowers For Agatha in the 1980s.

Writer and member of The League of Gentlemen, Jeremy Dyson feels that The Stone Tape " strikes a note that it just circumnavigates your intellect and gets you on a much deeper level [...] it just has this impact on you, rather like being in the room itself.

Another member of the household is the girls ' Nanny ( Noel Dyson ).

Also during the 1970s, Dyson worked on climate studies conducted by the JASON defense advisory group.

Dyson was plagued by allegations of improper contributions from defense contractors and questions about his sexual orientation.

Dyson ran the ball 75 yards down the sideline while Buffalo's defense had converged on Wycheck on the other side of the field.

The Inklings was an Oxford writers ' group which included C. S. Lewis, J. R. R. Tolkien, Charles Williams and Hugo Dyson.

The group with this final line-up of Dubar, Dyson along with the addition of two well known O. C.

A breakaway series formed by the USRRC in 1998 involving the Sports Car Club of America and headed by a group of competitors and ex IMSA personnel including John Bishop, Bill France Jr., Rob Dyson, Roger Penske, Skip Barber, and Ralph Sanchez.

Hannah Dyson's Ordeal is a video reconstruction of 1842 surgery, before anaesthetics were in use: visitors watch as a surgeon, his assistant and a group of trainee doctors prepare for Hannah Dyson ’ s operation-the amputation of her leg after it was crushed in a mill accident.

Positions regarding existence after death were supported by some notable physicists such as Erwin Schrödinger and Freeman Dyson.

* Freeman Dyson expanded upon Neumann's automata theories, and advanced a biotechnology-inspired theory.

The rivalry has intensified when Indians closer Chris Perez used WWE star John Cena's signature " You can't see me " hand gesture towards KC outfielder Jarrod Dyson after striking him out in a game on May 28, 2012.

Dyson speculated that such structures would be the logical consequence of the long-term survival and escalating energy needs of a technological civilization, and proposed that searching for evidence of the existence of such structures might lead to the detection of advanced intelligent extraterrestrial life.

Since then, other variant designs involving building an artificial structure or series of structures to encompass a star have been proposed in exploratory engineering or described in science fiction under the name " Dyson sphere.

The concept of the Dyson sphere was the result of a thought experiment by physicist and mathematician Freeman Dyson, when he theorized that all technological civilizations constantly increased their demand for energy.

However, Dyson was not the first to advance this idea.

Some ideas to build a fixed-in-place ' Dyson sphere ' are impractical.

However, the number of crafts required to obtain, transmit, and maintain a complete Dyson sphere far exceeds our present-day industrial capabilities.

George B. Dyson uses the heading of Butler's original article in Darwin Among the Machines: The Evolution of Global Intelligence ( 1998 ) ISBN 0-7382-0030-1.

Recipients of the award include well-known scientists like Otto Hahn, J. Robert Oppenheimer, Freeman Dyson, John Wheeler and Hans Bethe.

Dyson has lived in Princeton, New Jersey, for over fifty years.

his mother was trained as a lawyer but after Dyson was born worked as a social worker.