A Dyson sphere is a hypothetical megastructure originally described by Freeman Dyson.

Dyson is credited with being the first to formalize the concept of the Dyson sphere in his 1960 paper " Search for Artificial Stellar Sources of Infra-Red Radiation ", published in the journal Science.

In response to letters prompted by this paper, Dyson replied, " A solid shell or ring surrounding a star is mechanically impossible.

Freeman John Dyson FRS ( born December 15, 1923 ) is a British-born American theoretical physicist and mathematician, famous for his work in quantum electrodynamics, solid-state physics, astronomy and nuclear engineering.

Dyson is a member of the Board of Sponsors of the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists.

Despite sharing a last name, he is not related to the early 20th century astronomer Frank Watson Dyson, but as a small boy Freeman Dyson was aware of Frank Watson Dyson.

" I have the sense that when consensus is forming like ice hardening on a lake, Dyson will do his best to chip at the ice ," physics Nobel laureate Steven Weinberg said of him.

, Dyson is the president of the Space Studies Institute, the space research organization founded by Gerard K. O ' Neill.

Dyson is a long-time member of the JASON defense advisory group.

Dyson is a regular contributor to the New York Review of Books.

Dyson cheerfully admits his record as a prophet is mixed, but " it is better to be wrong than to be vague.

Dyson conceived that such structures would be clouds of asteroid-sized space habitats, though science fiction writers have preferred a solid structure: either way, such an artifact is often referred to as a Dyson sphere, although Dyson himself used the term " shell ".

Dyson agrees that anthropogenic global warming exists, and has written that " ne of the main causes of warming is the increase of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere resulting from our burning of fossil fuels such as oil and coal and natural gas.

Dyson is well-aware that his " heresy " on global warming has been strongly criticized.

The number of times the interaction Hamiltonian acts is the order of the perturbation expansion, and the time-dependent perturbation theory for fields is known as the Dyson series.

The Dyson series can be alternately rewritten as a sum over Feynman diagrams, where at each interaction vertex both the energy and momentum are conserved, but where the length of the energy momentum four vector is not equal to the mass.

Mr. Lockwood in his address to the jury did his best to persuade them that the death of Dyson was the accidental result of a struggle between Peace and himself.

Gippsland Power has had three players win the TAC Cup Under 18's Morrish Medal – the award for the best & fairest player in the Tac Cup as voted by the umpires – Matthew Stolarczyk in 1999, Jarryd Blair in 2008 and Dyson Heppell in 2010.

He is best known as a member of the comedy team The League of Gentlemen alongside Reece Shearsmith, Steve Pemberton and co-writer Jeremy Dyson, and has both written for and acted in the TV series Doctor Who and Sherlock.

Gatiss is perhaps best known as a member of the sketch comedy team The League of Gentlemen ( along with fellow performers Reece Shearsmith, Steve Pemberton and co-writer Jeremy Dyson ).

The Census of Population was known to be unreliable at best, and the 1941 Census was particularly badly conducted .< ref > Mahalanobis ( 1944 ) p69 <; Dyson and Maharatna.

Dyson is perhaps best known for his part in two historic NFL plays – the Music City Miracle and The Tackle.

He is best known as a member of the sketch comedy team The League of Gentlemen, along with fellow performers Mark Gatiss, Reece Shearsmith, and co-writer Jeremy Dyson, all of whom he met at Bretton Hall drama school in his late teens.

Alongside his work on EastEnders he also wrote and co-created, with Jeremy Dyson of The League of Gentlemen, the innovative drama Funland which was nominated for the best drama serial BAFTA in 2005.

* The anthropic fine tuning of the universe: He quotes with approval Freeman Dyson, who said " the more I examine the universe and the details of its architecture, the more evidence I find that the universe in some sense must have known we were coming " and suggests there is a wide consensus amongst physicists that either there are a very large number of other universes in the Multiverse or that " there is just one universe which is the way it is in its anthropic fruitfulness because it is the expression of the purposive design of a Creator, who has endowed it with the finely tuned potentialty for life.

This epic journey is made in a gigantic space-grown semi-sentient Dyson tree known as Yggdrasil.

" Mrs. Dyson denied that she had known of an accident which Peace had had to his foot at this time.

These include the first known instance of what is now called the Dyson sphere, reference to a scenario closely predicting the later zoo hypothesis or Star Trek's Prime Directive, many imaginative descriptions of species, civilizations and methods of warfare, and the idea that the stars and even the pre-galactic nebulae are intelligent beings, operating on vast time scales.

The group with this final line-up of Dubar, Dyson along with the addition of two well known O. C.

The Schwinger – Dyson equations ( SDEs ), also known as the Dyson – Schwinger equations, named after Julian Schwinger and Freeman Dyson, are general relations between Green functions in quantum field theories ( QFTs ).

Geoffrey Dyson Palmer, OBE ( born 4 June 1927 ) is an English actor, known for his roles in such British television sitcoms as Butterflies and As Time Goes By.

* A Dyson sphere ( also known as a Dyson Shell ) refers to a structure or mass of orbiting objects that completely surrounds a star to make full use of its solar energy.

After the New Mutants followed her to her Dyson sphere and saved her life from the Vrakanin, who intended to betray her, Lila retracted her selfish intentions, and also developed a relationship with the new Mutant Sam Guthrie, also known as Cannonball, to whom she subsequently dedicated a love song.

Dyson was the recipient of Frank Wycheck's disputed lateral known by many as the Music City Miracle, and he was tackled by Mike Jones " one yard short " of scoring the probable game-tying touchdown as time expired in Super Bowl XXXIV, in a play known as The Tackle.

This " divergence problem " was solved in the case of quantum electrodynamics during the late 1940s and early 1950s by Hans Bethe, Tomonaga, Schwinger, Feynman, and Dyson, through the procedure known as renormalization.

There the team fell to the St. Louis Rams, 23 – 16 ; wideout Kevin Dyson was tackled one yard short of the end zone with no time remaining, in what became known as " The Tackle ".

Whilst visiting the Dyson sphere, known as The World, despite initially mistrusting the utopian atmosphere, Roz entered another relationship with one of the People, called feLixi.

In the early days of European settlement, a timber miller named James Dyson worked in the area, and thus it became known as Dyson ’ s Swamp.

Dyson speculated that such structures would be the logical consequence of the long-term survival and escalating energy needs of a technological civilization, and proposed that searching for evidence of the existence of such structures might lead to the detection of advanced intelligent extraterrestrial life.

The concept of the Dyson sphere was the result of a thought experiment by physicist and mathematician Freeman Dyson, when he theorized that all technological civilizations constantly increased their demand for energy.

Deployment of spacecraft and satellites using photovoltaics might be seen as the first small steps towards building a Dyson swarm ( see below for differences between these sub-types ).

Dyson has lived in Princeton, New Jersey, for over fifty years.

" In his book The God Delusion, the biologist Richard Dawkins sharply criticized Dyson for accepting the Templeton Prize in 2000.

Dyson has said that “ I think it ’ s almost true without exception if you want to win a Nobel Prize, you should have a long attention span, get hold of some deep and important problem and stay with it for 10 years.

Oppenheimer rewarded Dyson with a lifetime appointment at the Institute for Advanced Study, " for proving me wrong ," Oppenheimer said.

Around 1979, Dyson worked with the Institute for Energy Analysis on climate studies.

In 2000, Dyson was awarded the Templeton Prize for Progress in Religion.

In 1960 Dyson wrote a short paper for the journal Science, entitled " Search for Artificial Stellar Sources of Infrared Radiation ".

Freeman Dyson in 2007 at the Institute for Advanced Study

Dyson stated on the Dick Cavett show that the use of nuclear weaponry was a bad idea for the US at the time because " our targets were big and theirs were small.

Dyson disagrees with the famous remark by his fellow physicist Steven Weinberg that " With or without religion, good people can behave well and bad people can do evil ; but for good people to do evil — that takes religion.

* TED Talks: Freeman Dyson says: let's look for life in the outer solar system at TED in 2003 ( video )

The technique of renormalization, suggested by Ernst Stueckelberg and Hans Bethe and implemented by Dyson, Feynman, Schwinger, and Tomonaga compensates for this effect and eliminates the troublesome infinities.

Historically they were sometimes called Feynman-Dyson diagrams or Dyson graphs, because when they were introduced the path integral was unfamiliar, and Freeman Dyson's derivation from old-fashioned perturbation theory was easier to follow for physicists trained in earlier methods.

They batted all day Thursday and most of Friday, declaring after tea at 401 for 9, John Dyson having made 102 and Botham having taken 6 for 95.