When larger amounts of static data are to be stored ( such as in USB flash drives ) a specific type of EEPROM such as flash memory is more economical than traditional EEPROM devices.

Operation of a parallel EEPROM is simple and fast when compared to serial EEPROM, but these devices are larger due to the higher pin count ( 28 pins or more ) and have been decreasing in popularity in favor of serial EEPROM or Flash.

EEPROM can be programmed and erased electrically using field electron emission ( more commonly known in the industry as " Fowler – Nordheim tunneling ").

Features of the modern 8051 include built-in reset timers with brown-out detection, on-chip oscillators, self-programmable Flash ROM program memory, built-in external RAM, extra internal program storage, bootloader code in ROM, EEPROM non-volatile data storage, I²C, SPI, and USB host interfaces, CAN or LIN bus, PWM generators, analog comparators, A / D and D / A converters, RTCs, extra counters and timers, in-circuit debugging facilities, more interrupt sources, and extra power saving modes.

This allowed more flexibility to the meter, as an EEPROM chip can be reconfigured more easily than corresponding mechanical components.

A GNX specific EEPROM, low-restriction exhaust with dual mufflers, reprogrammed Turbo Hydramatic 200-4R transmission with a custom torque converter and transmission cooler, and unique differential cover / panhard bar included more of the performance modifications.

Data storage can be provided by magnetic tape, battery-backed RAM and, more recently, non-volatile EEPROM or Flash Memory overwritten in a FIFO continuous loop.

Usually, a flash cell is smaller than an equivalent EEPROM cell and is therefore less expensive to manufacture.

Flash memory now costs far less than byte-programmable EEPROM and has become the dominant memory type wherever a significant amount of non-volatile, solid state storage is needed.

EEPROM is user-modifiable read-only memory ( ROM ) that can be erased and reprogrammed ( written to ) repeatedly through the application of higher than normal electrical voltage generated externally or internally in the case of modern EEPROMs.

It can only be accessed the same way an external peripheral device is, using special pointer registers and read / write instructions which makes EEPROM access much slower than other internal RAM.

Capacity is substantially larger than that of an EEPROM, making these chips a popular choice for digital cameras and desktop PC BIOS chips.

Examples of non-volatile memory are flash memory ( sometimes used as secondary, sometimes primary computer memory ) and ROM / PROM / EPROM / EEPROM memory ( used for firmware such as boot programs ).

Since 1998, EPROM versions are rare and have been replaced by EEPROM and flash, which are easier to use ( can be erased electronically ) and cheaper to manufacture.

In addition to the SRAM, some microcontrollers also have internal EEPROM for data storage ; and even ones that do not have any ( or not enough ) are often connected to external serial EEPROM chip ( such as the BASIC Stamp ) or external serial flash memory chip.

Although flash memory is technically a type of EEPROM, the term " EEPROM " is generally used to refer specifically to non-flash EEPROM which is erasable in small blocks, typically bytes.

Because erase cycles are slow, the large block sizes used in flash memory erasing give it a significant speed advantage over old-style EEPROM when writing large amounts of data.

The low-level interface to flash memory chips differs from those of other memory types such as DRAM, ROM, and EEPROM, which support bit-alterability ( both zero to one and one to zero ) and random access via externally accessible address buses.

In the industry, there is a convention to reserve the term EEPROM to byte-wise erasable memories compared to block-wise erasable flash memories.

However, OTP EPROM ( whether separate or part of a larger chip ) is being increasingly replaced by EEPROM for small amounts where the cell cost isn't too important and flash for larger amounts.

The AVR was one of the first microcontroller families to use on-chip flash memory for program storage, as opposed to one-time programmable ROM, EPROM, or EEPROM used by other microcontrollers at the time.

Like flash memory, EEPROM can maintain its contents when electrical power is removed.

* Memory blocks including a selection of ROM, RAM, EEPROM and flash memory.

Its products include microcontrollers ( including 8051 derivatives, AT91SAM and AT91CAP ARM-based micros, and its own Atmel AVR and AVR32 architectures ), radio frequency ( RF ) devices, EEPROM and flash memory devices ( including DataFlash-based memory ), and a number of application-specific products.

The basis of flash memory is identical to EEPROM, and differs largely in internal layout.

The PIC16F84 / PIC16F84A is an improved version of the PIC16C84, and almost completely compatible, with better program security and using flash memory instead of EEPROM memory for program memory.

It is this combination of features that some suggest make it the " universal memory ", able to replace SRAM, DRAM, EEPROM, and flash.

The Elektronika MK-52 calculator ( using the extended B3-34 command set, and featuring internal EEPROM memory for storing programs and external interface for EEPROM cards and other periphery ) was used in Soviet spacecraft program ( for Soyuz TM-7 flight ) as a backup of the board computer.

This file is transferred to the FPGA / CPLD via a serial interface ( JTAG ) or to an external memory device like an EEPROM.

In 1993, the introduction of EEPROM memory allowed microcontrollers ( beginning with the Microchip PIC16x84 )

* ROM, EPROM, EEPROM or Flash memory for program and operating parameter storage

The SL and TL were also shipped with MS-DOS 3. 3 and DeskMate 3 in ROM, and featured an EEPROM memory chip to store BIOS settings ( which enabled similar functionality to today's CMOS NVRAMs, so that startup options could be saved ).

It was developed from EEPROM ( electrically erasable programmable read-only memory ) and must be erased in fairly large blocks before these can be rewritten with new data.

EEPROM ( also written E < sup > 2 </ sup > PROM and pronounced " e-e-prom ," " double-e prom ," " e-squared ," or simply " e-prom ") stands for Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory and is a type of non-volatile memory used in computers and other electronic devices to store small amounts of data that must be saved when power is removed, e. g., calibration tables or device configuration.

Newer non-volatile memory technologies such as FeRAM and MRAM are slowly replacing EEPROMs in some applications, but are expected to remain a small fraction of the EEPROM market for the foreseeable future.

Toshiba is responsible for a number of Japanese firsts, including radar ( 1942 ), the TAC digital computer ( 1954 ), transistor television and microwave oven ( 1959 ), color video phone ( 1971 ), Japanese word processor ( 1978 ), MRI system ( 1982 ), laptop personal computer ( 1986 ), NAND EEPROM ( 1991 ), DVD ( 1995 ), the Libretto sub-notebook personal computer ( 1996 ) and HD DVD ( 2005 ).

Flash, EEPROM, and SRAM are all integrated onto a single chip, removing the need for external memory in most applications.

Following the I / O registers, the XMEGA series sets aside a 4096 byte range of the data address space which can be used optionally for mapping the internal EEPROM to the data address space ( 1000 < sub > 16 </ sub >– 1FFF < sub > 16 </ sub >).

Almost all AVR microcontrollers have internal EEPROM for semi-permanent data storage.

It also has a 64 byte EEPROM for storage of user data.

Currently, no standard solution exists for data-bus contention between memory devices, such as EEPROM and SRAM.

New features supported by ACR include standards for an EEPROM for storing model and vendor information, USB support, and the Integrated Packet Bus for Digital Subscriber Line ( DSL ), cable modem, and wireless networking support.