It was the mutual bond and obligation between monarch and subjects, whereby subjects are called his liege subjects, because they are bound to obey and serve him ; and he is called their liege lord, because he should maintain and defend them ( Ex parte Anderson ( 1861 ) 3 El & El 487 ; 121 ER 525 ; China Navigation Co v Attorney-General ( 1932 ) 48 TLR 375 ; Attorney-General v Nissan 1 All ER 629 ; Oppenheimer v Cattermole 3 All ER 1106 ).

Natural allegiance and obedience is an incident inseparable to every subject, for parte Anderson ( 1861 ) 3 El & El 487 ; 121 ER 525 ).

The endoplasmic reticulum ( ER ) is an organelle of cells in eukaryotic organisms that forms an interconnected network of tubules, vesicles, and cisternae.

The endoplasmic reticulum ( ER ) is a synthesis and transport organelle that branches into the cytoplasm in plant and animal cells.

The space between the outer and inner membranes is called the perinuclear space and is joined with the lumen of the rough ER.

The ER is in charge of processing and folding molecules carrying antigens.

This is important in the ER-mitochondria calcium signaling and involved in the transfer of lipids between the ER and mitochondria.

The mitochondria-associated ER membrane ( MAM ) is another structural element that is increasingly recognized for its critical role in cellular physiology and homeostasis.

The MAM is enriched in enzymes involved in lipid biosynthesis, such as phosphatidylserine synthase on the ER face and phosphatidylserine decarboxylase on the mitochondrial face.

SERCA is likewise affected by mitochondrial feedback: uptake of Ca < sup > 2 +</ sup > by the MAM stimulates ATP production, thus providing energy that enables SERCA to reload the ER with Ca < sup > 2 +</ sup > for continued Ca < sup > 2 +</ sup > efflux at the MAM.

Thus, the MAM is not a passive buffer for Ca < sup > 2 +</ sup > puffs ; rather it helps modulate further Ca < sup > 2 +</ sup > signaling through feedback loops that affect ER dynamics.

Regulating ER release of Ca < sup > 2 +</ sup > at the MAM is especially critical because only a certain window of Ca < sup > 2 +</ sup > uptake sustains the mitochondria, and consequently the cell, at homeostasis.

Recently advances in the identification of the tethers between the mitochondrial and ER membranes suggest that the scaffolding function of the molecular elements involved is secondary to other, non-structural functions.

The MAM is a critical signaling, metabolic, and trafficking hub in the cell that allows for the integration of ER and mitochondrial physiology.

The endoplasmic reticulum ( ER ) is the most significant storage site of calcium, and there is a significant interplay between the mitochondrion and ER with regard to calcium.

The ER is expressed in specific tissues including the ovary, uterus and breast.

Phospholipid synthesis occurs in the cytosol adjacent to ER membrane that is studded with proteins that act in synthesis ( GPAT and LPAAT acyl transferases, phosphatase and choline phosphotransferase ) and allocation ( flippase and floppase ).

The synthesis pauses while the ribosome-protein complex is transferred to an SRP receptor on the endoplasmic reticulum ( ER ), a membrane-enclosed organelle.

** Laura Innes, American actress and director ( ER )

The channel shows the German premiere of 30 Rock and Friday Night Lights, as well a wide variety of old and recent American drama and comedy, including Murder, She Wrote, Northern Exposure, Monk, Third Watch, Rescue Me, Six Feet Under, Seinfeld, ER, The King of Queens, Everybody Loves Raymond, Caroline in the City, Boardwalk Empire, Game of Thrones and Falling Skies.

* ER, a 1994 – 2009 American television medical drama series

ER is NBC's second longest-running drama, after Law & Order, and, the longest-running American primetime medical drama of all time.

In each decade of her career, she has been known for major roles in American TV / film culture, including: in the 1960s, for Gidget ( 1965 – 66 ) or Sister Bertrille on The Flying Nun ( 1967 – 70 ); in the 1970s, for Sybil ( 1976 ), Smokey and the Bandit ( 1977 ) and Norma Rae ( 1979 ); in the 1980s, for Absence of Malice ( 1981 ), Places in the Heart ( 1984 ) and Steel Magnolias ( 1989 ); in the 1990s, for Not Without My Daughter ( 1991 ), Mrs. Doubtfire ( 1993 ), Forrest Gump ( 1994 ) and Eye for an Eye ( 1996 ); and in the 2000s, on the TV shows ER and Brothers & Sisters ( 2006 – 11 ).

Spitalul de Urgenţă is also the Romanian title of the American television show ER, but band leader Dan Helciug says that the name actually derived from a time they were playing a concert and " all the musicians arrived injured … we looked like a band from a hospital.

Maura Therese Tierney ( born February 3, 1965 ) is an American film and television actress, who is best known for her roles as Lisa Miller on the sitcom NewsRadio and Abby Lockhart on the television medical drama ER.

Between 2003 and 2005, Newton played Makemba " Kem " Likasu, the love interest, and later wife of Dr. John Carter on the American television series ER.

Some of his most prominent roles are his appearances in ER as Dr. Archie Morris, Party of Five as Will McCorkle, Band of Brothers as Technical Sergeant Donald Malarkey, and the popular animated sitcom American Dad !, voicing Steve Smith.

In that same year she also guest starred on NBC's ER playing an American soldier.

He had returned from America and the methods he had used during his time in the American ER system often clashed with the ideals of Harry Harper ( Simon MacCorkindale ).

Amblin's television series credits include Amazing Stories, Tiny Toon Adventures, seaQuest DSV, Animaniacs, Earth 2, Pinky and the Brain, ER, Freakazoid, Back to the Future, Family Dog, The Spooktacular New Adventures of Casper, Fievel's American Tails and The Land Before Time.

In September 1997, Kingston gained North American television fame after being cast on the long-running medical drama ER.

Dr. Jerri Lin Nielsen ( née Cahill ; March 1, 1952 – June 23, 2009 ) was an American physician with extensive ER experience, who in 1998 was hired to spend a year at the Amundsen – Scott South Pole Station, as the station's only doctor.

Studies by the Commonwealth Fund found that 42 % of Canadians waited 2 hours or more in the emergency room, vs. 29 % in the U. S .; 57 % waited 4 weeks or more to see a specialist, vs. 23 % in the U. S., but Canadians had more chances of getting medical attention at nights, or on weekends and holidays than their American neighbors without the need to visit an ER ( 54 % compared to 61 %).

Kellie Noelle Martin ( born October 16, 1975 ) is an American television actress who is known for her roles as Rebecca Thacher on Life Goes On, Christy Huddleston on Christy, Lucy Knight on ER, and Samantha Kinsey on Mystery Woman.

He was elected as a Fellow of the Association for Computing Machinery ( ACM ), American Association for the Advancement of Science ( AAAS ), IEEE, and ER.

Laura Elizabeth Innes ( born August 16, 1957 ) is an American actress and television director, best known for her role as Dr. Kerry Weaver on ER, and most recently, as Sophia on the NBC thriller The Event.

Many critics at the time believed the show would die an early death against the time slot competition, as ER had even beaten the other American networks in the time slot in a convincing manner.

A breast cancer survivor and former legislative ambassador for the American Cancer Society, her dramatic role as a woman confronted with breast cancer on the show ER remains one of her most personally enduring, with feature films spanning the years from A Woman Called Moses with Cicely Tyson to Forget Paris opposite Billy Crystal and, most recently, Seven Pounds opposite Will Smith, she continues to embrace the many challenges of a career in the arts.

" Holby City has also been unfavourably compared with the American medical drama ER.

Ryan attributed this phenomenon to patients viewing Holby City and American medical drama ER, and falsely perceiving hospitals as glamorous.

", 2001 episode of the American television series ER

It can be considered the Hong Kong equivalent to the American television series ER, although its storyline are arguably mirrored in another American series, Grey's Anatomy.