Early storage devices such as delay lines, punched cards, paper tape, magnetic tape, and magnetic drums were used instead.

Early models of the PDP-11 had no dedicated bus for input / output, but only a memory bus called the Unibus, as input and output devices were mapped to memory addresses.

Early devices were not practical power producers, but more advanced designs producing usable power have become a major source of mechanical power over the last 300 years, beginning with applications for removing water from mines using vacuum engines.

Early computerized slot machines were sometimes defrauded through the use of cheating devices, such as the " slider " or " monkey paw " used by notorious slot machine cheat Tommy Glenn Carmichael.

Early fusion research generally followed two major lines of study ; devices that were based on momentary compression of the fusion fuel to high densities, like the pinch devices being studied primarily in the UK, and devices that used lower densities but longer confinement times, like the magnetic mirror and stellarator.

Early fusion research devices were variants on the Z-pinch and used electrical current to generate a poloidal magnetic field to contain the plasma along a linear axis between two points.

Early versions of these devices simply " inverted " one important component of the TV signal, re-inverting it at the client end for display.

Early optical character recognition could be traced to activity around two issues: expanding telegraphy and creating reading devices for the blind.

Early oxide breakdown technologies exhibited a variety of scaling, programming, size and manufacturing problems that prevented volume production of memory devices based on these technologies.

Early devices for lie detection include an 1895 invention of Cesare Lombroso used to measure changes in blood pressure for police cases, a 1904 device by Vittorio Benussi used to measure breathing, and an abandoned project by American William Marston which used blood pressure to examine German prisoners of war ( POWs ).

Early recorders were typically hand-held battery-powered devices with built-in microphones and recording automatic gain control, intended for dictation and journalists.

Early Telechrome devices used two electron guns aimed at either side of a phosphor plate.

Early minicomputer-based typesetting software introduced in the 1970s and early 1980s, such as Datalogics Pager, Penta, Atex, Miles 33, Xyvision, troff from Bell Labs, and IBM's Script product with CRT terminals, were better able to drive these electromechanical devices, and used text markup languages to describe type and other page formatting information.

Early successes led to ever increasing innovative agricultural machinery and labor saving devices.

Early remote control devices began to emerge in the late 1800s.

Early sound quality of tape recordings was poor but as the C-Cassette technology evolved, with stereo recording, Chromium tapes and noise reduction, soon HiFi quality devices become possible.

Early G3s with Revision A ROMs do not support slave devices on their IDE controllers, limiting them to one device per bus ( normally one optical drive and one hard disk ).

Early terminals were inexpensive devices but very slow compared to punched cards or paper tape for input, but as the technology improved and video displays were introduced, terminals pushed these older forms of interaction from the industry.

Early spectrometry devices that measured the mass-to-charge ratio of ions were called mass spectrographs which consisted of instruments that recorded a spectrum of mass values on a photographic plate.

Early tracheostomy devices are illustrated in Habicot ’ s Question Chirurgicale and Julius Casserius ' posthumous Tabulae anatomicae in 1627.

Early attempts to add the ability to real airplanes were not very successful ; the software was based on experiments conducted in flight simulators where jet engines are usually modeled as " perfect " devices with exactly the same thrust on each engine, a linear relationship between throttle setting and thrust, and instantaneous response to input.

Early flow cytometers were, in general, experimental devices, but technological advances have enabled widespread applications for use in a variety of both clinical and research purposes.

Early dirigible developments included machine-powered propulsion ( Henri Giffard, 1852 ), rigid frames ( David Schwarz, 1896 ), and improved speed and maneuverability ( Alberto Santos-Dumont, 1901 )

Early video chipsets featuring AGP support included the Rendition Vérité V2200, 3dfx Voodoo Banshee, Nvidia RIVA 128, 3Dlabs PERMEDIA 2, Intel i740, ATI Rage series, Matrox Millennium II, and S3 ViRGE GX / 2.

Early number systems that included positional notation were not decimal, including the sexagesimal ( base 60 ) system for Babylonian numerals and the vigesimal ( base 20 ) system that defined Maya numerals

Early street railways on Broadway included the Broadway and Seventh Avenue Railroad's Broadway and University Place Line ( 1864?

The main Early Carboniferous plants were the Equisetales ( horse-tails ), Sphenophyllales ( vine-like plants ), Lycopodiales ( club mosses ), Lepidodendrales ( scale trees ), Filicales ( ferns ), Medullosales ( informally included in the " seed ferns ", an artificial assemblage of a number of early gymnosperm groups ) and the Cordaitales.

Early copies included a bonus CD of live material.

Early forms of cartography of India included the locations of the Pole star and other constellations of use.

Early labels, most now-defunct, included Blonde Vinyl, Frontline, Exit, and Refuge.

Early researchers of clairvoyance included William Gregory ( chemist ), Gustav Pagenstecher, and Rudolf Tischner.

Early bassists for the group included Ron Crotty, Bob Bates, and Bob's brother Norman Bates ; Lloyd Davis and Joe Dodge held the drum chair.

Early projects in this vein included Everything2 and Open Site.

Early purchases of the company included about of land from Edward Burling and his partners ; land was sold at a profit to Thomas Chittenden among others, and the settlements on the company's land have grown to become the city of Burlington.

Early efforts included simple carbon copies but that proved insufficient.

Early American grind practitioners included Terrorizer and Assück.

Early salt brine wells that produced byproduct oil included the Thorla-McKee Well of Ohio in 1814, a well near Burkesville, Kentucky, in 1828, and wells at Burning Springs, West Virginia, by 1836.

Early reports estimated that $ 6 – 20 billion had been spent by the U. S. and Saudi Arabia but more recent reports state that the U. S. and Saudi Arabia provided as much as up to $ 40 billion in cash and weapons, which included over two thousand FIM-92 Stinger surface-to-air missiles, for building up Islamic groups against the Soviet Union.

Early uses for sulphuric acid included pickling ( removing rust ) iron and steel, and for bleaching cloth.

Early pesticide development included Gramoxone ( 1962, a herbicide ), the insecticides pirimiphos-methyl in 1967 and pirimicarb in 1970, brodifacoum ( a rodenticide ) was developed in 1974 ; in the late 1970s, ICI was involved in the early development of synthetic pyrethroid insecticides such as lambda-cyhalothrin.

Early makers of jazz guitars included Gibson, Epiphone, D ' Angelico and Stromberg.

Early personal computers such as the Apple II or IBM PC included only this minimal peripheral support on the motherboard.

Early Neolithic farming was limited to a narrow range of plants, both wild and domesticated, which included einkorn wheat, millet and spelt, and the keeping of dogs, sheep and goats.

According to the Israel Antiquities Authority, " The artifacts recovered from inside the building were few and mostly included fragments of pottery vessels from the Early Roman period ( the first and second centuries AD )... Another hewn pit, whose entrance was apparently camouflaged, was excavated and a few pottery sherds from the Early Roman period were found inside it.

Early commercial products included Gemstone ( Servio Logic, name changed to GemStone Systems ), Gbase ( Graphael ), and Vbase ( Ontologic ).

Early Ontario punk bands included The Diodes, The Viletones, The Battered Wives, The Demics, Forgotten Rebels, Teenage Head, The Poles, and The Ugly.