Early storage devices such as delay lines, punched cards, paper tape, magnetic tape, and magnetic drums were used instead.

Early models of the PDP-11 had no dedicated bus for input / output, but only a memory bus called the Unibus, as input and output devices were mapped to memory addresses.

Early devices were not practical power producers, but more advanced designs producing usable power have become a major source of mechanical power over the last 300 years, beginning with applications for removing water from mines using vacuum engines.

Early computerized slot machines were sometimes defrauded through the use of cheating devices, such as the " slider " or " monkey paw " used by notorious slot machine cheat Tommy Glenn Carmichael.

Early fusion research generally followed two major lines of study ; devices that were based on momentary compression of the fusion fuel to high densities, like the pinch devices being studied primarily in the UK, and devices that used lower densities but longer confinement times, like the magnetic mirror and stellarator.

Early fusion research devices were variants on the Z-pinch and used electrical current to generate a poloidal magnetic field to contain the plasma along a linear axis between two points.

Early versions of these devices simply " inverted " one important component of the TV signal, re-inverting it at the client end for display.

Early optical character recognition could be traced to activity around two issues: expanding telegraphy and creating reading devices for the blind.

Early oxide breakdown technologies exhibited a variety of scaling, programming, size and manufacturing problems that prevented volume production of memory devices based on these technologies.

Early devices for lie detection include an 1895 invention of Cesare Lombroso used to measure changes in blood pressure for police cases, a 1904 device by Vittorio Benussi used to measure breathing, and an abandoned project by American William Marston which used blood pressure to examine German prisoners of war ( POWs ).

Early recorders were typically hand-held battery-powered devices with built-in microphones and recording automatic gain control, intended for dictation and journalists.

Early cold-cathode devices included the Geissler tube and Plucker tube, and early cathode ray tubes.

Early minicomputer-based typesetting software introduced in the 1970s and early 1980s, such as Datalogics Pager, Penta, Atex, Miles 33, Xyvision, troff from Bell Labs, and IBM's Script product with CRT terminals, were better able to drive these electromechanical devices, and used text markup languages to describe type and other page formatting information.

Early successes led to ever increasing innovative agricultural machinery and labor saving devices.

Early remote control devices began to emerge in the late 1800s.

Early sound quality of tape recordings was poor but as the C-Cassette technology evolved, with stereo recording, Chromium tapes and noise reduction, soon HiFi quality devices become possible.

Early G3s with Revision A ROMs do not support slave devices on their IDE controllers, limiting them to one device per bus ( normally one optical drive and one hard disk ).

Early terminals were inexpensive devices but very slow compared to punched cards or paper tape for input, but as the technology improved and video displays were introduced, terminals pushed these older forms of interaction from the industry.

Early spectrometry devices that measured the mass-to-charge ratio of ions were called mass spectrographs which consisted of instruments that recorded a spectrum of mass values on a photographic plate.

Early tracheostomy devices are illustrated in Habicot ’ s Question Chirurgicale and Julius Casserius ' posthumous Tabulae anatomicae in 1627.

Early attempts to add the ability to real airplanes were not very successful ; the software was based on experiments conducted in flight simulators where jet engines are usually modeled as " perfect " devices with exactly the same thrust on each engine, a linear relationship between throttle setting and thrust, and instantaneous response to input.

Early flow cytometers were, in general, experimental devices, but technological advances have enabled widespread applications for use in a variety of both clinical and research purposes.

Early releases of AutoCAD used primitive entities — lines, polylines, circles, arcs, and text — to construct more complex objects.

Early computers used a variety of 4-bit binary coded decimal ( BCD ) representations and the 6-bit codes for printable graphic patterns common in the U. S. Army ( Fieldata ) and Navy.

Early modern writers, such as Polydore Vergil and Matthew Parker, the Elizabethan Archbishop of Canterbury, also utilised the Historia, and his works were used by both Protestant and Catholic sides in the Wars of Religion.

Early computers used one of two addressing methods to access the system memory ; binary ( base 2 )

Early descriptions of the production process and glazing techniques used for bricks can be found in the Song Dynasty carpenter's manual Yingzao Fashi, published in 1103 by the government official Li Jie, who was put in charge of overseeing public works for the central government's construction agency.

Blythe House in West Kensington is used by the Museum for off-site storage of small and medium-sized artefacts, and Franks House in East London is used for storage and work on the " Early Prehistory "-Palaeolithic and Mesolithic-and some other collections.

Early Bayesian inference, which used uniform priors following Laplace's principle of insufficient reason, was called " inverse probability " ( because it infers backwards from observations to parameters, or from effects to causes ).

Skeat “… in at least three cases and probably in all, in the form of codices " and he theorized that this form of notebook was invented in Rome and then “… must have spread rapidly to the Near East …” In his discussion of one of the earliest pagan parchment codices to survive from Oxyrhynchus in Egypt, Eric Turner seems to challenge Skeat ’ s notion when stating “… its mere existence is evidence that this book form had a prehistory ” and that “ early experiments with this book form may well have taken place outside of Egypt .” Early codices of parchment or papyrus appear to have been widely used as personal notebooks, for instance in recording copies of letters sent ( Cicero Fam.

Early computer buses were parallel electrical wires with multiple connections, but the term is now used for any physical arrangement that provides the same logical functionality as a parallel electrical bus.

Early models used a drive mechanism made by Alps Electric, distinguishable by its push-down drive door.

Early light cavalry ( like the auxiliaries of the Roman army ) were typically used to scout and skirmish, to cut down retreating infantry, and for defeating enemy missile troops.

Early Eastern Zhou texts, such as the Spring and Autumn Annals, provide better understanding of the calendars used in the Zhou dynasty.

Crannogs were used as dwellings over five millennia from the European Neolithic Period, to as late as the 17th / early 18th century although in Scotland, convincing evidence for Early and Middle Bronze Age or Norse Period use is not currently present in the archaeological record.

Early crochet hooks ranged from primitive bent needles in a cork handle, used by poor Irish lace workers, to expensively crafted silver, brass, steel, ivory and bone hooks set into a variety of handles, some of which were better designed to show off a lady's hands than they were to work with thread.

Although recognized previously by others, the mathematical expression for the Coriolis force appeared in an 1835 paper by French scientist Gaspard-Gustave Coriolis, in connection with the theory of water wheels, Early in the 20th century, the term Coriolis force began to be used in connection with meteorology.

Early Buddhist and Jaina sources used-to refer to a people of south India ( presumably Tamil );-was a southern non-Aryan country ; -,, and-were used as variants to designate a country in the south (, Kādambarī, Daśakumāracarita -, fourth to seventh centuries CE ) ( 1989: 134 – 138 ).

( Early modern philosophers like Locke used the corresponding English terms ' nominal essence ' and ' real essence ').

Early cartridge shotguns also used the SxS action, because they kept the exposed hammers of the earlier muzzle-loading shotguns they evolved from.

In Anglo-Saxon England, as prescribed in Leechdoms, Wortcunning, and Starcraft of Early England ( also called Læceboc ) ( many of whose recipes were borrowed from Greek medicinal texts ), dill was used in many traditional medicines, including medicines against jaundice, headache, boils, lack of appetite, stomach problems, nausea, liver problems, and much more.

Early color motion picture processes such as Kinemacolor and Prizmacolor used travelogues to promote the new color process.

Early commercial digital synthesizers used simple hard-wired digital circuitry to implement techniques such as additive synthesis and FM synthesis, becoming commercially available in the late 1970s.

Other uses include the Early Cyrillic titlo ( ◌҃ ) and the Hebrew gershayim ( ״ ), which, respectively, mark abbreviations or acronyms, and Greek diacritical marks, which showed that letters of the alphabet were being used as numerals.

Early Christians in Britain and Ireland also used an 84-year cycle.