Early geologists such as Nicolas Steno and Horace-Bénédict de Saussure developed ideas of geological strata forming from water through chemical processes, which Abraham Gottlob Werner developed into a theory known as Neptunism.

Early geologists and volcanologists who studied the Cinder Cone concluded the last eruption occurred between 1675 and 1700.

Early Christian Church Fathers and Medieval European scholars interpreted the Genesis creation narrative allegorically rather than as a literal historical account ; organisms were described by their mythological and heraldic significance as well as by their physical form.

Early European studies of Egyptian hieroglyphs, like that of Athanasius Kircher, assumed that the hieroglyphs were emblems, and imaginatively interpreted them accordingly.

Early Christians interpreted this word to encompass activities such as incest and bestiality.

Early textual critics familiar with the use and meaning of these marks in classical Greek works like Homer, interpreted the signs to mean that the section ( John 7: 53-8: 11 ) was an interpolation and not an original part of the Gospel.

Built out of about 50 megaliths as a tomb to house the remains of the dead, the Coldrums have been interpreted by archaeologists as representing a ritual site used by Early Neolithic peoples as a part of an ancestor cult.

The LeMay Group is interpreted to be an accretionary prism that was built out from the west ( fore-arc ) side of a long-lived magmatic arc, the roots of which are now exposed on the Antarctic Peninsula, between Early Jurassic and Paleocene times, when subduction ceased.

If the messiah is indeed God, as the Psalm was interpreted by some Early Christians, then his glory is greater than the glory of any one house.

" Nonetheless, he noted that Where Witchcraft Lives was also historically inaccurate, because " she diffidently interpreted the facts that she was revealing within the framework supplied by the foremost contemporary academic expert in the early modern trials, Margaret Murray ", whose theories that Early Modern witchcraft was a surviving pre-Christian religion, have subsequently been disproved and dismissed by historians.

The depression has a topographic rim 25 – 30 m high, while the centre displays a slight circular rise about 1 km in diameter and 5 m high exposing strongly deformed and steeply dipping bedrock interpreted as a central uplift .< sup >,</ sup > Sedimentary rocks comprising the rim are of Early Cretaceous to Palaeogene age, while uplifted rocks in the centre are likely of Early Permian age, all part of the Canning Basin ; the impact event itself is inferred to be of Paleocene ( early Paleogene ) age or later .< sup >,</ sup >

It is interpreted as an ancient meteorite impact crater, the evidence including breccia containing melted rocks, silica glass, shatter cones and shocked quartz., Drilling shows that the crater is filled with about 200 m of ancient lake sediments containing Early Eocene pollen, this age thus giving a minimum estimate for the age of the crater itself.

" Early antiquarians interpreted the inscription as referring to the place where the stone was found, but this idea is no longer accepted among scholars, and " Alatervae " is presumably a native name for the Matronae, perhaps originating with the Tungrian cohort who erected the altar.

Papias of Hierapolis ( c 60-130 AD ) was an Early Christian Bishop of Hierapolis in Anatolia, whose book, " Expositions of the Oracles of the Lord ", in which he stated that " Matthew compiled the logia ( τὰ λόγια ) in the Hebrew language, and each person interpreted them as he was able ", survives only in quotations made by Irenaeus and Eusebius.

Early computers, both commercial and amateur, mostly used teleprinters for output ; simple home models might simply display an array of lights to be interpreted as binary information.

Meyer's importance to the development of American psychoanalysis is also extensively discussed and interpreted in John Gach's " Culture & Complex: On the Early History of Psychoanalysis in America ," pages 135 – 160 in Essays in the History of Psychiatry, edited by Edwin R. Wallace IV and Lucius Pressley.

The numerous Sumerian names in these catalogues suggest that they build on older, but otherwise unattested, Sumerian traditions of the Early Bronze Age.

In some of these subdivisions the Cambrian is divided into three epochs with locally differing names – the Early Cambrian ( Caerfai or Waucoban, mya ), Middle Cambrian ( St Davids or Albertian, mya ) and Furongian ( mya ; also known as Late Cambrian, Merioneth or Croixan ).

Early twentieth-century experiments on the physics of very small-scale phenomena led to the discovery of phenomena which could not be predicted on the basis of classical physics, and to the development of new models ( theories ) that described and predicted very accurately these micro-scale phenomena.

The significant Late Neolithic and Early Bronze Age Cycladic culture is best known for its schematic flat idols carved out of the islands ' pure white marble centuries before the great Middle Bronze Age (" Minoan ") culture arose in Crete, to the south: these figures have been looted from burials to satisfy a thriving Cycladic antiquities market since the early 20th century.

Pottery uncovered in these structures allowed the attribution of the monuments to the Tarxien cemetery culture of the Early Bronze Age.

Early twentieth-century study of living oral epic traditions in the Balkans by Milman Parry and Albert Lord demonstrated the paratactic model used for composing these poems.

Indeed, at the end of the 19th century scholar Ernest DeWitt Burton wrote that there could be " no reasonable doubt " that 1 John and the gospel were written by the same author, and Amos Wilder has said that, " Early Christian tradition and the great majority of modern scholars have agreed on the common authorship of these writings, even where the author has not been identified with the apostle John.

Early Western travelers, whether to Persia, Turkey or China frequently remark on the absence of changes in fashion there, and observers from these other cultures comment on the unseemly pace of Western fashion, which many felt suggested an instability and lack of order in Western culture.

Early Christianity, emerging from a Graeco-Roman culture where the most usual form of cult image was the three-dimensional statue, for long avoided these in Christian art, associating them with idolatry.

Her excavation of the Early Bronze Age walled city and the external cemeteries of the end of the Early Bronze Age, together with her analysis of the stratified pottery of these periods established her as the leading authority on that period.

Early on, several schools of thought emerged as to why capitalist economies have these long waves.

In the 19th century, the entire Middle Ages were often referred to as the " Dark Ages ", but with the creation of these subdivisions use of this term was restricted to the Early Middle Ages, at least among historians.

Early versions of these used a specialized microcontroller with a static 68EC000 core ; later versions use a standard MC68SEC000 processor.

An illustrated catalogue of these stones was produced by J. Romilly Allen as part of The Early Church Monuments of Scotland, with lists of their symbols and patterns.

In the opening section of the Passions of the Soul, a treatise on the Early Modern version of what are now commonly called emotions, Descartes goes so far as to assert that he will write on this topic " as if no one had written on these matters before ".

Early on in the history of British television, agreements with the actors ' union Equity and other trade bodies limited the number of times a single program could be broadcast, usually only twice, and these showings were limited to within a set time period such as five years.

Early the next year ( May 2001 ) these coordinates were used to reconstruct the entire T. thermophilus 70S particle at 5. 5 Å resolution.

Early in the following century, Brian Houghton Hodgson and others noted that many non-literary languages of the highlands of northeast India and Southeast Asia were also related to these.

The earliest remains consist of extensive rock cut installations, initially thought to date to the Early Bronze Age by Kenyon, these have recently been re-evaluated, first by Stager and then by Franklin, and are now recognized to be the remains of an extensive early Iron Age oil and wine industry ( designated Building Period 0 ).

Early ideas of eugenics posited that human intelligence correlated strongly with social class, but these ideas were rejected, and the idea that genes ( or simply " blood ") determined a person's character became regarded as racist.

Early efforts at codifying the Acts of Congress were undertaken by private publishers ; these were useful shortcuts for research purposes, but had no official status.

But as the word entered the Southern German dialects via Saxony and Westphalia, the word's meaning in Early Modern German became attached to the activities of these courts specifically.

Historically these beliefs were notable in Early Modern Europe of the 14th to 18th century, where witchcraft came to be seen as a vast diabolical conspiracy against Christianity and accusations of witchcraft led to large-scale witch-hunts, especially in Germanic Europe.

In the Early Minoan age these were formed of soft stone and ivory and show particular characteristic forms.

Early Linux kernel development was done on a MINIX host system, which led to Linux inheriting various features from MINIX, such as the MINIX file system.

Yet another story, The Man Who Came Early, features a 20th-century United States Army soldier stationed in Iceland who is transported to the tenth century.

Early in 1306, Clement V explained away those features of the Papal bull Clericis Laicos that might seem to apply to the king of France and essentially withdrew Unam Sanctam, the bull of Boniface VIII that asserted papal supremacy over secular rulers and threatened Philip's political plans.

Early maps were based on standard geographic city maps indicating the directions of lines and locations of station, overlaid on geographic features and main roads.

* The 1632 series, though set during the succeeding decade, features many characters, such as Louis XIII and Prime Minister Cardinal Richelieu of France, Gustavus II of Sweden, and Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand II, who were active during the 1620s and uses events from the 1620s and Early 1630s as a backdrop, most notably the Thirty Year's War.

Early Western religious music often features parallel perfect intervals ; these intervals would preserve the clarity of the original plainsong.

Utrecht's ancient city centre features many buildings and structures from the Early Middle Ages.

Early systems had utilized microprogramming to implement features on their systems in order to permit different underlying architecture to appear to be the same as others in a series.

Celtic Christianity or Insular Christianity refers broadly to certain features of Christianity that were common, or held to be common, across the Celtic-speaking world during the Early Middle Ages.

Early on, QuarkXPress incorporated an application programming interface called XTensions which allows third-party developers to create custom add-on features to the desktop application.

The north wall ( left ) features a mix of Norman arches dating back to 1077 and arches in the Early English style of 1200.

* The television series The Good Life features a scene ( in " The Early Birds ", the first episode of Season 3 ) in which the characters go to bed early one night and take Halma to entertain themselves until they fall asleep.

Early tablet computers included many of the features of personal computers.

Early versions of Internet Explorer ( up to Version 5 ) were also Win32s compatible, although these also existed in 16-bit format. Generally, for a 32-bit application to be compatible with Win32s, it had to not use more than 16MB of memory or any extended features such as DirectX.

Feudal society was increasingly based on the concept of " lordship " ( French seigneur ), which was one of the distinguishing features of the Early Middle Ages and had evolved out of Late Antiquity.

Warhammer is notable for its " dark and gritty " background world, which features a culture similar in appearance to Early Modern Germany crossed with Tolkien's Middle-earth.

In 2011, Rocca has done some straight reporting features for various CBS programs, including The Early Show and the CBS Evening News.

The diachronic study of written Ming and Qing Wu, the time when the dialects began to take on wholly unique features, can be placed into three stages: the Early Period, the Middle Period, and the Late Period.

Early work in perceptual and conceptual categorization assumed that categories had critical features and that category membership could be determined by logical rules for the combination of features.

The Renaissance Christmas Dinner: Held before the beginning of Winter Break and features performances by the Early Music Consort and Vocal Consort of the College.

The building style itself is debated among many, as it has features that appear in three styles ; Early Renaissance and Baroque, with Corinthian style pillars typical of Greek classical revival.

Early members of the group, while not hiding their masculine features or facial hair, are characterized by San Francisco gay community historian Susan Stryker as the embodiment of " genderfuck ".

Early corpse paint designs were intended simply to accent an individual's features and make them look " dead ".