According to the fossil record, Lissamphibia, which includes all modern amphibians and is the only surviving lineage, may have branched off from the extinct groups Temnospondyli and Lepospondyli at some period between the Late Carboniferous and the Early Triassic.

There are large gaps in the fossil record but the discovery of a proto-frog from the Early Permian in Texas in 2008 provided a missing link with many of the characteristics of modern frogs.

For much of artillery's history during the Middle Ages and the Early modern period, artillery pieces on land were moved with the assistance of horse teams.

Category: Early modern philosophers

Early modern writers, such as Polydore Vergil and Matthew Parker, the Elizabethan Archbishop of Canterbury, also utilised the Historia, and his works were used by both Protestant and Catholic sides in the Wars of Religion.

Early markings from this period found on pottery and shells are thought to be ancestral to modern Chinese characters.

One of the main theses of casuists was the necessity to adapt the rigorous morals of the Early Fathers of Christianity to modern morals, which led in some extreme cases to justify what Innocent XI later called " laxist moral " ( i. e. justification of usury, homicide, regicide, lying through " mental reservation ", adultery and loss of virginity before marriage, etc .— all due cases registered by Pascal in the Provincial Letters ).

Image: Ballista-quadrirotis. jpeg | Early modern four-wheeled ballista drawn by armored horses ( 1552 )

Early computers permitted only a few letters or digits in the name of a file, but modern computers allow long names ( some up to 255 characters ) containing almost any combination of unicode letters or unicode digits, making it easier to understand the purpose of a file at a glance.

Early modern era in Germany also witnessed the so called unehrliche Leute ( dishonourable or dishonest people ), an outcaste group.

Early pioneers of what became known as modern dance include Loie Fuller, Isadora Duncan, Mary Wigman and Ruth St. Denis.

Category: Early modern philosophers

( Early modern philosophers like Locke used the corresponding English terms ' nominal essence ' and ' real essence ').

* Early modern Britain

Category: Early modern philosophers

In the Early modern period, the term Flanders was associated with the southern part of the Low Countries: the Southern Netherlands.

Early shariah had a much more flexible character, and some modern Muslim scholars believe that it should be renewed, and that the classical jurists should lose special status.

Category: Early modern philosophers

Indeed, at the end of the 19th century scholar Ernest DeWitt Burton wrote that there could be " no reasonable doubt " that 1 John and the gospel were written by the same author, and Amos Wilder has said that, " Early Christian tradition and the great majority of modern scholars have agreed on the common authorship of these writings, even where the author has not been identified with the apostle John.

Category: Early modern philosophers

Early in 1960, Kelly, an ardent Francophile and fluent French speaker, was invited by A. M. Julien, the general administrator of the Paris Opéra and Opéra-Comique, to select his own material and create a modern ballet for the company, the first time an American had received such an assignment.

Category: Early modern philosophers

from: 1500 till: 1800 color: lightgrey text: Early modern

Category: Early modern philosophers

Category: Early modern philosophers

" Transitions to Capitalism in Early Modern Europe.

She was thus a principal agent — almost an embodiment — of the work of the Catholic Church during the Early Middle Ages in the construction of the religion-culture of western Europe.

‘ Dating the Baptism of Clovis .’ In Early Medieval Europe, volume 7, pages 29 – 57.

99-116 in Jon C Henderson ( ed ) The Prehistory and Early History of Atlantic Europe.

Early understanding of the functioning of balance of trade informed the economic policies of Early Modern Europe that are grouped under the heading mercantilism.

* Rudolf M. Dekker, Lotte C. Van De Pol, Lotte C. Van De Pol, The Tradition of Female Transvestism in Early Modern Europe, 1989, ISBN 0-312-17334-2.

Conscience and Casuistry in Early Modern Europe ( Cambridge ).

* Alexander O ' Hara, " The Vita Columbani in Merovingian Gaul ," Early Medieval Europe, 17, 2 ( 2009 ), 126 – 153.

The massive use of charcoal on an industrial scale in Early Modern Europe was a new type of consumption of western forests ; even in Stuart England, the relatively primitive production of charcoal has already reached an impressive level.

Norman F. Cantor's summary of the effects of late medieval deforestation applies equally well to Early Modern Europe:

Diana's cult has been related in Early Modern Europe to the cult of Nicevenn ( aka Dame Habond, Perchta, Herodiana, etc .).

Initially the sole preserver of literate scholarship in Western Europe, the church established Cathedral schools in the Early Middle Ages as centers of advanced education.

Erasmus ' Work as a Source of Radical Thought in Early Modern Europe ( 2009 )

Early European settlers to the United States brought from Europe the concept of the commons.

Because Galen's works were not translated into Latin in the ancient period, and because of the collapse of the Roman Empire in the West, the study of Galen, along with the Greek medical tradition as a whole, went into decline in Western Europe during the Early Middle Ages, when very few Latin scholars could read Greek.

* Rice, Eugene F. The Foundations of Early Modern Europe, 1460 – 1559 ( 2nd ed.

* Wiesner, Merry E. Early Modern Europe, 1450 – 1789 ( Cambridge History of Europe ) ( 2006 )

*** † Plioviverrops ( including Jordanictis, Protoviverrops, Mesoviverrops ; Early Miocene to Early Pliocene of Europe, Late Miocene of Asia )

*** Hyaena (= Euhyaena, = Hyena ; including brown Hyena, Pliohyaena, Pliocrocuta, Anomalopithecus ) Early Pliocene (? Middle Miocene ) to Recent of Africa, Late Pliocene (? Late Miocene ) to Late Pleistocene of Europe, Late Pliocene to recent in Asia

*** † Hyaenictis ( Late Miocene of Asia ?, Late Miocene of Europe, Early Pliocene (? Early Pleistocene ) of Africa )

After the fall of the Western Roman Empire and the onset of the Early Middle Ages, the Greek tradition of medicine went into decline in Western Europe, although it continued uninterrupted in the Eastern Roman ( Byzantine ) Empire.