Eastern freshwater cod, Maccullochella ikei, also known as eastern cod, are a large and striking predatory freshwater fish of the Maccullochella genus and the Percichthyidae family, that occur in the coastal Clarence River system of north-eastern New South Wales.

Eastern freshwater cod are closely related to the Murray cod of the Murray-Darling river system, and are considered an icon of the Clarence River system.

Eastern freshwater cod are now protected by law.

Eastern freshwater cod are native to the Clarence River system in northern New South Wales, Australia.

Eastern freshwater cod originally occurred in great abundance through all of the system, to significant altitudes, though reportedly were never found above the large falls many tributaries feature in their upper reaches.

Eastern freshwater cod have been recorded to 41 kg, but are more common at sizes less than 5 kg.

Eastern freshwater cod are a small to medium sized groper-like fish with a deep, elongated body that is round in cross section.

Eastern freshwater cod are vary from cream or greyish-white to yellow on their ventral (“ belly ”) surface.

Eastern freshwater cod are a separate species of cod that originated from the Murray cod, Maccullochella peelii, that are present in tributaries of the Murray-Darling Basin on the western side of the Great Dividing Range.

Eastern freshwater cod recovered from this event and were in abundance by the time of European settlement, but appear to have lost much of their genetic diversity in this event.

Eastern freshwater cod are found in clear, flowing rivers and streams with rocky beds and deep holes within the Clarence River system, to significant altitudes.

Eastern freshwater cod are territorial and aggressive.

Eastern freshwater cod are sexually mature at 4 or 5 years old, and at sizes as small as 700 g, the latter being markedly different to Murray cod ( Butler & Rowland, 2008, 2009 ).

Eastern freshwater cod habitat.

Eastern freshwater cod often share such habitats with Australian bass.

Eastern freshwater cod were recognised as a potentially separate and endangered species of cod in 1984, and were declared a protected species in that year.

On the Eastern slopes, the shorter, faster-flowing Jacky Jacky Creek, Olive, Pascoe, Lockhart, Stewart, Jeannie and Endeavour Rivers flow towards the Coral Sea, providing important freshwater and nutrients to the healthiest section of the Great Barrier Reef.

The river provides habitat for several endangered freshwater mussel species, several threatened or endangered fish species and the threatened Eastern Spiny Softshell Turtle.

The freshwater reaches of the Richmond River once supported the endemic Richmond River Cod, similar to Murray Cod and possibly a subspecies of Eastern Freshwater Cod.

# REDIRECT Eastern freshwater cod

** Eastern freshwater cod ( Clarence River system, northern New South Wales.

Eastern freshwater cod in turn are a species of Maccullochella cod found in east coast drainages and originating from Murray cod, Maccullochella peelii, that crossed the Great Dividing Range and entered east coast drainages from a river capture event between 0. 62 and 1. 62 million years ago ( mean estimate 1. 1 million years ago ).

The freshwater reaches of the Clarence River support important populations of native freshwater fish including Eastern freshwater cod, an endangered fish species unique to the Clarence River system, and Australian bass.

Examples are the salmon fishery of Alaska, the cod fishery off the Lofoten islands, the tuna fishery of the Eastern Pacific, or the shrimp farm fisheries in China.

The mean estimate for genetic separation of Mary River cod and Eastern Freshwater Cod is only 300, 000 years ( Nock et al., 2010 ).

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