Also, George Soros, Joseph E. Stiglitz ( another Economic Sciences Nobel prize winner, formerly of the World Bank, author of Globalization and Its Discontents ) and David Korten have made arguments for drastically improving transparency, for debt relief, land reform, and restructuring corporate accountability systems.

** Economic Reform, 1991 – 2007, reform policies were introduced to meet the terms of international institutions, lenders and donors, including wider incentives to the role of the private sector in all economic activities.

Economic recovery had been hampered by the separatist disputes in Abkhazia and South Ossetia, resistance to reform on the part of some corrupt and reactionary factions, and Asian financial crisis.

Economic and social changes, such as land reform and industrialization, combined with the effects of foreign domination, altered the centuries old social structure of the Polish society.

In the 2000s Zimbabwe's economy began to deteriorate due to various factors, including mismanagement and corruption, the imposition of sanctions, such as among others the Zimbabwe Democracy and Economic Recovery Act of 2001, following the switch from Willing Buyer, Willing Seller to Fast Track land reform.

From 2003 to 2007, Nigeria attempted to implement an economic reform program called the National Economic Empowerment Development Strategy ( NEEDS ).

Novotný's attempt at restructuring the economy, the 1965 New Economic Model, spurred increased demand for political reform as well.

* Sustainable Governance Indicators, first published in spring 2009 and updated in 2011, analyze and compare the need for reform in Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development ( OECD ) member countries, as well as each country's ability to respond to current social and political challenges

Economic reform has been incremental and gradual.

Economic reform has been extensive.

Transportation in Iran is inexpensive because of Iranian Economic Reform Plan # Subsidy reform plan | the government's subsidization of gasoline

When China began to reform its economy, Xiamen was made one of the original Special Economic Zones in 1980, to attract foreign investment, particularly from overseas Chinese.

Superfluity of graphemes ( letters or characters ) is often an issue in spelling reform, which prompts the " Economic Argument "— significant cost savings in the production materials over time — as promulgated by George Bernard Shaw, although in modern times with computer systems changing rapidly and equipped to produce the scripts of a variety of languages this is now a bit far-fetched.

During the Reagan administration, Baker also served on the Economic Policy Council, where he played an instrumental role in achieving the passage of the administration's tax and budget reform package in 1981.

But the regime refused to follow the example of Soviet political reform, which it decried as modern revisionism, or join the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance ( COMECON ), the major international trade organization of Marxist-Leninist states subordinated to the economic development of the Soviet Union.

After a relative stagnation in the 1970s, the New Economic Model ( NEM ), instituted in 1981 as the latest economic reform program, seemingly improved the supply of consumer goods and generally upgraded the economy.

This reform, the New Economic Policy ( NEP ), was accompanied by a new social policy of moderation and discipline, especially regarding Soviet youth.

Although Chambliss has a conservative voting record, he has participated in bi-partisan legislation — such as the 2007 Farm Bill, the bi-partisan immigration reform ( led by John McCain and Ted Kennedy ) in 2007 and the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008.

Charan Singh opposed Nehru on his Soviet Style Economic reform.

He also served on the Board of the Wisconsin Housing and Economic Development Authority ( WHEDA ), and helped reform state housing policy.

He has supported the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 and the 2009 Stimulus act, cap and trade legislation for carbon emissions, and has voted for the federal Health Care reform legislation.

A significant increase in consumer expenditures because of the New Economic Mechanism ( NEM ), a major economic reform, reintroduced certain market mechanisms into Hungary.

Economic measures such as increased taxes on " the rich and corporations ", " strong regulation " of the financial industry, " regulation and public ownership of utilities ", and increased federal aid to cities and states ; opposition to the Iraq War and other military interventions ; opposition to free trade treaties such as the North American Free Trade Agreement ( NAFTA ); nuclear disarmament and a reduced military budget ; various civil rights provisions ; campaign finance reform including public financing of campaigns ; and election law reform, including Instant Runoff Voting.

The economy declined dramatically during the 1990s with the collapse of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance ( COMECON ) system and the loss of the Soviet market, to which the country had been closely tied.

Economic difficulties caused by the looting and destruction during the 1996 and 1997 mutinies, energy crises, and government mismanagement continued to trouble Patassé's government through 2000.

Economic growth reached 3. 1 % during 2000 and inflation was 9. 0 % although unemployment has yet to significantly improve.

Economic development, widespread beautification innovations, various tax incentives, and increased law enforcement have helped Columbus overcome what some considered a slump during the 1980s and 1990s.

Two supplementary meetings were also held during this period: a Commonwealth Statesmen's meeting to discuss peace terms in April 1945, and a Commonwealth Economic Conference in 1952.

Lenin's reply was evasive, but he stated that party discipline needed to be strengthened during " a retreat " – the New Economic Policy was introduced at the 10th Party Congress.

In 2011, his article The Use of Knowledge in Society was selected as one of the top 20 articles published in the American Economic Review during its first 100 years.

In 2011, his article The Use of Knowledge in Society was selected as one of the top 20 articles published in the American Economic Review during its first 100 years.

In 2007, the Berne Declaration nominated IKEA for one of its Public Eye " awards ", which highlight corporate irresponsibility and are announced during the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland.

He long sought to establish an East Asian Economic Group as an alternative to APEC, excluding Australia, New Zealand and the Americas, and during his premiership Malaysia signed up to an ASEAN Free Trade Area ( AFTA ) and ASEAN + 3, a regional forum with China, Japan and South Korea.

Friedman began employment with the National Bureau of Economic Research during autumn 1937 to assist Simon Kuznets in his work on professional income.

Friedman served as an unofficial adviser to Ronald Reagan during his 1980 presidential campaign, and then served on the President's Economic Policy Advisory Board for the rest of the Reagan Administration.

He served as a member of President Reagan's Economic Policy Advisory Board during 1981.

According to a 1996 report of the Joint Economic Committee of the United States Congress, during Reagan's two terms, and through 1993, the top 10 % of taxpayers paid an increased share of income taxes ( not including payroll taxes ) to the Federal government, while the lowest 50 % of taxpayers paid a reduced share of income tax revenue.

Economic and technological growth during this period improved the standard for living, which expanded opportunities for education.

In spring 1918, during a brief period of economic liberalism prior to the introduction of war communism, and again during the New Economic Policy ( NEP ) of 1921, Lenin justified the introduction of state capitalism controlled politically by the dictatorship of the proletariat to further central control and develop the productive forces:

Accounts of the success of operations research during the war, publication in 1944 of John von Neumann and Oskar Morgenstern's Theory of Games and Economic Behavior on the use of game theory for developing and analyzing optimal strategies for military and other uses, and publication of John William's The Compleat Strategyst, a popular exposition of game theory, led to a greater appreciation of mathematical analysis of human behavior.

Economic growth for Uruguay resumed, and averaged 8 % annually during the period 2004-08.

In this sense, " market socialism " was first attempted during the 1920s in the Soviet Union as the New Economic Policy ( NEP ), but soon abandoned.

* Feldman, Glenn, “ Southern Disillusionment with the Democratic Party: Cultural Conformity and the ‘ the Great Melding ’ of Racial and Economic Conservatism in Alabama during World War II ,” Journal of American Studies 43 ( Aug. 2009 ), 199 – 230.

Portugal, during this period, was never an outcast, and was a founding member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization ( NATO ), the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development ( OECD ) and the European Free Trade Association ( EFTA ).

Economic conditions during the 1970s were becoming more difficult for the UK and many other western economies as a result of the ending of the Bretton Woods Agreement and the 1973 oil shock, and the Heath government in its turn was buffeted by economic adversity and industrial unrest ( notably including confrontation with the coalminers which led to the Three-day week ) towards the end of 1973, and on 7 February 1974 ( with the crisis still ongoing ) Heath called a snap election for 28 February.

The Greatest Nation of the Earth: Republican Economic Policies during the Civil War.