Empirical research is a way of gaining knowledge by means of direct and indirect observation or experience.

Empirical observation is used to determine the acceptability of hypotheses within a theory.

Empirical data is data produced by an observation or experiment.

In other words, theoria places primacy of experience and observation over a speculative, discursive, rational analysis ( Orthodox Empirical theology ).

Empirical studies confirms the new approach to the traditional question regarding whether technology artefacts can be attributed with trust.

Empirical research confirms that the greater the trade linkage between countries the more coordinated are their business cycles.

Empirical problems with the H-O model, such as the Leontief paradox, were noted in empirical tests by Wassily Leontief who found that the United States tended to export labor-intensive goods despite having an abundance of capital.

Empirical models that attempt to estimate the public investment and economic growth link involve a wide variety including: the Cobb-Douglas production function ; a behavioral approach cost / profit function which includes public capital stock ; Vector Auto Regression ( VAR ) models ; and government investment growth regressions.

Empirical evidence provided by Berik and Rodgers ( 2006 ) suggests that any costs of raising labor standards can easily be offset by incentives encouraging foreign direct investment ( FDI ) and exports.

Empirical analyses tend to support the theoretical prediction that poor countries should grow faster than rich countries because they can adopt cutting edge technologies already tried and tested by rich countries.

* Sorenson, Susan, Douglas Wiebe, and Richard Berk, " Legalized Abortion and the Homicide of Young Children: An Empirical Investigation ," Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy 2002, 2 ( 1 ), pp. 239 – 56.

Empirical evidence for the success of trade can be seen in the contrast between countries such as South Korea, which adopted a policy of export-oriented industrialization, and India, which historically had a more closed policy ( although it has begun to open its economy, as of 2005 ).

Meaning and Universal Grammar: Theory and Empirical Findings ( 2 volumes ).

Brentano is best known for his reintroduction of the concept of intentionality — a concept derived from scholastic philosophy — to contemporary philosophy in his lectures and in his work Psychologie vom Empirischen Standpunkte ( Psychology from an Empirical Standpoint ).

Empirical methods are studied extensively in the philosophy of science but cannot be used directly in fields whose hypotheses are not invalidated by real experiment ( mathematics, theology, ideology ).

The concept of intentionality was reintroduced in 19th-century contemporary philosophy by the philosopher and psychologist Franz Brentano in his work Psychology from an Empirical Standpoint ( 1874 ).

), Empirical Perspectives on the Psychoanalytic Unconscious ( pp. 187 – 272 ).

* Empirical Studies in Institutional Change, Cambridge University Press, 1996 ( edited with Lee Alston & Thrainn Eggertsson ).

Empirical studies have so far supported this theoretical framework ( for a review see Malle, 2011 ).

Robert Sternberg ’ s awards include the Sir Francis Galton Award from the International Association of Empirical Aesthetics, the Arthur W. Staats Award from the American Psychological Foundation and the Society for General Psychology and the E. L. Thorndike Award for Career Achievement in Educational Psychology Award from the Society for Educational Psychology of the American Psychological Association ( APA ).

An Empirical Examination of the Adjudication and Settlement of Patent Disputes ( 2005 ).

An Empirical Analysis of the Federal Judiciary ( 2005 ), Infotopia: How Many Minds Produce Knowledge ( 2006 ), and, co-authored with Richard Thaler, Nudge: Improving Decisions about Health, Wealth, and Happiness ( 2008 ).

" Edinburgh sociologists " and " Bath sociologists " promoted, respectively, the Strong Programme and Empirical Programme of Relativism ( EPOR ).

* Moral Psychology: Empirical Approaches-an entry in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy ( SEP ).

Empirical measures of the income elasticity of demand in North America range from 0. 5 to 0. 9 ( De Leeuw, F. 1971 ).

Experimenter's regress is a typical relativistic phenomenon in the Empirical Programme of Relativism ( EPOR ).

Fieldwork: Empirical description of cross-cultural data ( as opposed to armchair philosophy ; Bastian himself spent much of his adult life among non-European peoples ).

Educational Policy Making and the Courts: An Empirical Study of Judicial Activism ( Chicago: University of Chicago Press ).

According to British diplomatic papers, Pius ' letter was addressed to Bishop Rubeira and confirms Urban's observation that the condemnation relates to new converts being enslaved.

Yet, the fact that this was remarkable confirms the broader observation that Mbeki values the exercise of centralised policy over demonstrations of grassroots populism.

This statement confirms the observation that the transfer of rights made by the lessees to the British North Borneo Company was ab initio flawed and illegal.

The type of observation done for science has varied over the years as the frontiers of our understanding has increased and due to competition for resources from other types of space-related research.

He insisted that psychological techniques should always be tried first, for example " even where a violent and destructive maniac could be calmed by a single dose of an antispasmodic referred to opium, observation teaches that in a great number of cases, one can obtain a sure and permanent cure by the sole method of expectation, leaving the insane man to his tumultuous excitement ... ... and seeing, again and again, the unexpected resources of nature left to itself or wisely guided, has rendered me more and more cautious with regard to the use of medications, which I no longer employ — except when the insufficiencies of psychological means have been proven.

They also acquired extensive earth resources observation data using hand-held cameras and Skylab's Earth Resources Experiment Package camera and sensor array.

A total of 6, 051 astronaut-utilization hours were tallied by Skylab 4 astronauts performing scientific experiments in the areas of medical activities, solar observations, Earth resources, observation of the Comet Kohoutek and other experiments.

This movement came as a result of Sarkar's observation that the quality of life of poor people would only improve once these people are encouraged to attend to their own needs first in a manner that efficiently and sustainably utilizes natural resources.

A related observation is the limited time and resources thought by some to be available for the colonization of space.

Through thousands of years of observation Bunurong People were able to predict the availability of their seasonal resources by certain changes in plant growth and animal behaviour.

More recent examples include deployed real-world applications, such as the PLAN component of the Mission Control System for RADARSAT-1, an Earth observation satellite developed by Canada to monitor environmental changes and Earth's natural resources.

Theoretical models presented by Geoffrey West, Brian Enquist, and James Brown, purport to show how the ¾ observation can emerge from the constraint of how resources are distributed through hierarchical branching networks.

Key strengths identified by the report were outstanding provision and resources in sport, leisure, travel and tourism ; good teaching and learning enhanced by ILT ; strong and flexible response to employers ’ training needs ; effective links with the community to promote inclusiveness ; a wide range of effective personal and specialist support ; clear strategic direction shared by staff and governors ; highly effective action to address areas for improvement from the last inspection ; robust lesson observation and development process bringing about significant improvements in teaching and learning.