The Empress Dowager Cixi

Guangxu Emperor and the reformists then launched a more comprehensive reform effort, the Hundred Day's Reform ( 1898 ), but it was shortly overturned by the conservatives under Empress Dowager Cixi in a military coup.

The Empress Dowager, probably seeking to ensure her continual grip on power, sided with the Boxers as they advanced on Beijing.

Lady Yehenara, otherwise known as Dowager Empress Cixi, was arguably one of the most successful concubines in China ’ s history.

His mother was Empress Dowager Fujiwara no Junshi ( also called the Gojō empress 五条后 ), daughter of the minister of the left, Fujiwara Fuyutsugu.

His mother was Empress Dowager Fujiwara no Akirakeiko ( 明子 ), also called the Somedono empress 染殿后 ).

* 1875 – Guangxu Emperor of China began his reign, under Empress Dowager Cixi's regency.

* 1898 – The Hundred Days ' Reform is started by Guangxu Emperor with a plan to change social, political and educational institutions in China, but is suspended by Empress Dowager Cixi after 104 days.

* 1900 – Empress Dowager Longyu of China orders all foreigners killed, including foreign diplomats and their families.

China formally declared war on the United States, Britain, Germany, France and Japan, as an edict issued from the Dowager Empress Cixi.

Emperor Nicholas II and his mother Dowager Empress Maria Fyodorovna in 1896.

In late 1916, the Dowager Empress left St. Petersburg to live in the Mariinsky Palace in Kiev.

During the second russification period, at the start of the First World War, the Dowager Empress, travelling by her special train through Finland to Saint Petersburg, expressed her continued disapprobation for the russification of Finland by having an orchestra of a welcoming committee to play the March of the Pori Regiment and the Finnish national anthem " Maamme ", which at the time were under the explicit ban from Franz Albert Seyn, the Governor-General of Finland.

Despite the overthrow of the monarchy in 1917, the former Dowager Empress Maria at first refused to leave Russia.

This was not surprising as Maria was merely a deposed Dowager Empress while her older sister was a popular Dowager Queen.

The 1986 NBC-TV miniseries Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, in which Olivia de Havilland portrays the Dowager Empress, represents the latter as considering a personal meeting with Anna Anderson, the woman who claimed to be the Grand Duchess Anastasia.

There is no evidence that the Empress Dowager ever had such an intention ( or indeed that she had ever been requested to grant an audience to the woman ).

In 1018, his daughter Ishi became Empress ( Chūgū ) of Emperor Go-Ichijō, Kenshi became Empress Dowager ( Kōtaigō ), and Shōshi was Grand Empress Dowager ( Tai-Kōtaigō ).

To overcome such problems, Empress Dowager Cixi issued an imperial edict in 1901 calling for reform proposals from the governors-general and governors and initiated the era of the dynasty's " New Policy ", also known as the " Late Qing Reform ".

* Empress Yang, wife of Lü Zuan

This decision was reversed in 186 BCE by his widow Grand Empress Dowager Lü Zhi ( d. 180 BCE ), who abolished private minting.

** Empress Dowager Lü, de facto ruler of the Chinese Han dynasty and wife of Emperor Gao

In fact, the vast majority of female rulers throughout Chinese Imperial history came to power by ruling as regents on behalf of their sons ; prominent examples include the Empress Lü of the Han Dynasty, as well as Empress Dowager Cixi and Empress Dowager Ci ' an of the Qing Dynasty, who for a time ruled jointly as co-regents.

Prominent examples include Empress Dowager Cixi, mother of the Tongzhi Emperor ( 1861 – 1874 ), and aunt and adoptive mother of the Guangxu Emperor ( 1874 – 1908 ), who ruled China for 47 years ( 1861 – 1908 ), Empress Wu Zetian ( who ultimately declared herself Empress, and was subsequently overthrown ) and the Empress Dowager Lü of the Han Dynasty.

* Emperor Wen of the Han dynasty ascends to the Chinese throne after quelling the clans of Empress Dowager Lü.

* Empress Dowager Lü, de facto ruler of the Chinese Han dynasty and wife of Emperor Gao

In 192 BC, Modun even asked for the hand of Emperor Gao's widow Empress Lü Zhi.

He tried several times, fruitlessly, to replace Liu Ying with Liu Ruyi, as his desire was objected to by Liu Ying's mother Empress Lü Zhi.

Nevertheless Empress Dowager Lü had an assassin force venom down Liu Ruyi's throat .... She then had Concubine Qi's limbs chopped off, blinded her by gouging out her eyes, cut off her tongue and locked her in the latrine, and called her a " Human Swine " ( 人彘 ).

Lü Zhi ( 241 BC-180 BC ), style name E ' xu (), commonly known as Empress Lü () and Empress Dowager Lü (), or formally Empress Gao of Han (), was the empress consort of Emperor Gaozu ( or Emperor Gao ), the founder and first ruler of the Han Dynasty.

Gaozu placed Empress Lü Zhi and the crown prince Liu Ying ( Lü Zhi's son ) in charge of the capital Chang ' an and making key decisions in court, assisted by the chancellor Xiao He and other ministers.

In September 996, a few months after receiving a pardon from Otto III, Crescentius II meet with the Archbishop of Piacenza John Philagathos, a former adviser to the late Empress Theophanu, to devise a plan to depose the newly installed Pope Gregory V. In 997, with the active support of Byzantine Emperor Basil II, Crescentius II led a revolt against Gregory V, deposed him, and installed John Philagathos as Pope John XVI, an antipope, in April 997.

At Empress Dowager Fu's behest, the Fus and the Dings were installed in their place.

In 710, Emperor Zhongzong died, allegedly poisoned by Empress Wei, who then installed his son, Li Chongmao, as emperor.

At Empress Dowager Fu's behest, the Fus and the Dings were installed in their place.

While the Tower ballroom was being restored at the cost of £ 500, 000, Dixon resumed his schedule in the Empress Ballroom, where in 1935, a 3 / 13 Wurlitzer had been installed.

Livia was the first Roman Empress and was Augustus ’ third wife ( from Livia ’ s first marriage to praetor Tiberius Nero, she had two sons: the emperor Tiberius and the general Nero Claudius Drusus.

Sushun had one Empress and two Imperial children.

Eight years later, after William's death in 1120, a much more momentous union was made between Henry's daughter, ( the former Empress ) Matilda and Fulk's son Geoffrey Plantagenet, which eventually resulted in the union of the two realms under the Plantagenet Kings.

The need for an alternative non-Russian source of naval stores is indicated by the information from the British Ambassador in Copenhagen, Hugh Elliott, who wrote to Foreign Secretary, Lord Carmarthen on 12 August 1788: “ There is no Topick so common in the Mouths of the Russian Ministers, as to insist on the Facility with which the Empress, when Mistress of the Baltic, either by Conquest, Influence, or Alliance with the other two Northern Powers, could keep England in a State of Dependence for its Baltic Commerce and Naval Stores ”.

Go-Ichijō had one Empress and two Imperial daughters.

Alexandra's widowed sister, the Dowager Empress, leant heavily on her for support ; Alexandra slept, prayed, and stayed beside her sister for the next two weeks until Alexander's burial.

During the Qing Dynasty ( 1644 – 1911 ), for example, imperial convention dictated that at any given time there should be one Empress, one Huang Guifei, two Guifei, four fei and six pin, plus an unlimited number of other consorts and concubines.

For example, Saturninus ' " How well the tribune speaks to calm my thoughts " ( 1. 1. 46 ); Tamora's vow to slaughter the Andronici at 1. 1. 450 – 455 ( thus absolving Saturninus from any involvement ); Aaron's soliloquy in 2. 1 ; Aaron's " Ay, and as good as Saturninus may " ( 2. 1. 91 ); Aaron's soliloquy in 2. 3 ; Tamora's " Now will I hence to seek my lovely Moor ,/ And let my spleenful sons this trull deflower " ( 2. 3. 190 – 191 ); Aaron's two asides in 3. 1 ( ll. 187 – 190 and 201 – 202 ); Lucius ' " Now will I to the Goths and raise a power ,/ To be revenged on Rome and Saturnine " ( 3. 1. 298 – 299 ); Marcus ' " O, heavens, can you hear a good man groan " speech ( 4. 1. 122 – 129 ); Young Lucius ' asides in 4. 2 ( ll. 6 and 8 – 9 ); Aaron's " Now to the Goths, as swift as swallow flies ,/ There to dispose this treasure in mine arms ,/ And secretly to greet the Empress ' friends " ( 4. 2. 172 – 174 ); and Tamora's " Now will I to that old Andronicus ,/ And temper him with all the art I have ,/ To pluck proud Lucius from the warlike Goths " ( 4. 4. 107 – 109 ).

Historical facts are also sometimes changed: in Plutarch Antony's final defeat was many weeks after the battle of Actium, and Octavia lived with Antony for several years and bore him two children: Antonia Major, paternal grandmother of the Emperor Nero and maternal grandmother of the Empress Valeria Messalina, and Antonia Minor, the sister-in-law of the Emperor Tiberius, mother of the Emperor Claudius, and paternal grandmother of the Emperor Caligula and Empress Agrippina the Younger.

The initial round of gunfire killed only the Tsar, the Empress and two male servants, and wounded Grand Duchess Maria, Dr Botkin and the Empress ' maidservant, Demidova.

In the wake of Romanos ' death, his Empress Dowager, now Regent to the two co-emperors, her underage sons, was quick to marry the general Nikephoros Phokas, and acquire another general, John Tzimiskes, as her lover, having them both elevated to the imperial throne in succession.

In the following year, the older of these two sisters became Empress Zhangde, the wife of Emperor Zhang of Han, and lasted briefly as empress dowager and regent during the early reign of Emperor He of Han.

The Empress Matilda was forced to retreat from London by hostile crowds before she could be crowned queen ; shortly afterwards, Robert was captured at the rout of Winchester and the two sides agreed to swap their respective captives.

Instead, in November the two sides simply exchanged the two leaders, Stephen returning to his queen, and Robert to the Empress in Oxford.

Their last two films, The Scarlet Empress and The Devil Is a Woman — the most stylized of their collaborations — were their least commercial ventures.

When they then removed her from the stretcher to the bed she was clearly dead ; Frau Mayer believed the two audible breaths she heard the Empress take as she was brought into the room were her last.

Schneider's breakthrough came with her portrayal of Empress Elisabeth of Austria, in the romantic biopic Sissi ( 1955 ) and its two sequels, Sissi – The Young Empress ( 1956 ) and Sissi – Fateful Years of an Empress ( 1957 ), all with Karlheinz Böhm, who became a close friend.

The two prisoners, King Stephen and Robert of Gloucester, were then exchanged, but by freeing Stephen, the Empress Matilda had given up her best chance of becoming queen.

He played a key role in the negotiations that had the Empress Walk condominium complex developed and two leading schools refurbished, all without using public funds.

Her name was derived by combining the names of two previous empresses, Empress Gemmei ( 707 – 715 ) and her daughter Empress Genshō ( 715 – 724 ).