* Ephesus: The site of a cult of Artemis ( Diana of the Ephesians ) whose devotees included Lydians.

At any rate affairs in that region, including the future of the church of Ephesus ( 20: 28 – 30 ), are treated as though they would specially interest " Theophilus " and his circle ; also an early tradition has Luke die in the adjacent Bithynia.

Some Protestants feel that such claims of apostolic succession are proven false by the differences in traditions and doctrines between these churches: Roman Catholics and Eastern Orthodox consider both the Church of the East and the Oriental Orthodox churches to be heretical, having been anathematized in the early ecumenical councils of Ephesus ( 431 ) and Chalcedon ( 451 ) respectively.

We are told that Paul had left Timothy in Ephesus and Titus in Crete to oversee the local church ( and ).

The Oriental Orthodox Churches ( also called Old Oriental Churches ) are those eastern churches that recognize the first three ecumenical councils — Nicaea, Constantinople and Ephesus — but reject the dogmatic definitions of the Council of Chalcedon and instead espouse a Miaphysite christology.

# Council of Ephesus ( 431 ) repudiated Nestorianism, proclaimed the Virgin Mary as the Theotokos (" Birth-giver to God ", " God-bearer ", " Mother of God "), repudiated Pelagianism, and reaffirmed the Nicene Creed. This and all the following councils in this list are not recognized by the Assyrian Church of the East.

Harris believes that the tradition that John lived to old age in Ephesus developed in the late 2nd century, although the tradition does appear in the last chapter of the gospel, though this debatable tradition assumes that John the Evangelist, John the Apostle, the Beloved Disciple mentioned in John 21 and sometimes also John the Presbyter are the same person.

The region also has many important centers of tourism which are known both for their historic monuments and for the beauty of their beaches ; such as Assos, Ayvalık, Bergama, Foça, İzmir, Çeşme, Sardis, Ephesus, Kuşadası, Didim, Miletus, Bodrum, Marmaris, Datça and Fethiye.

Heraclitus of Ephesus on the western coast of Anatolia in modern Turkey ( 535-475 BCE ) posited that all things in nature are in a state of perpetual flux, connected by logical structure or pattern, which he termed Logos.

Two oratories in the baptistery of the Lateran, one in honour of St. John the Baptist, the other of St. John the Apostle, to whom he attributed his safe escape from the Council of Ephesus, are due to him, thus satisfying the question as to which Saints John the Lateran had been dedicated.

John of Ephesus used the term " those, who are called " Avars ," because of their long hair.

* Retreating to the coast, the Greek forces are met by the Persians under Artaphernes and defeated in the Battle of Ephesus.

We are told that Paul had left Timothy in Ephesus and Titus in Crete to oversee the local church ( and ).

This is in Latin only ; its contents agree generally with the other, but the Council of Ephesus ( 431 ) is omitted, while the so-called " Canons of the Apostles " and those of Sardica are included, as well as 138 canons of the African Council of Carthage ( 419 ).

Therefore the accounts given of him by the Byzantine authors, Theophylact Simocatta ( iii. 16 ff ), Menander Protector and John of Ephesus ( vi. 22 ), who give a full account of these negotiations, are far from favourable.

Justinian's Basilica of St. John at Ephesus and Venice's St Mark's Basilica are derivative of this design.

It was likely one the oldest of the twelve Ionian League cities, between Lebedos ( 120 stadia to the west ) and Ephesus ( to its south ) and its ruins are in the eponymously named modern region of Ionia.

# Those who are usually meant by the name were a section of the Monophysites, who had great influence in the second half of the sixth century, but have left no traces save a few scanty notices in John of Ephesus, Photius, Leontius etc.

There the synod of Ephesus was declared to have been a " robber synod ," its proceedings were annulled, and, in accordance with the more dyophysite ( two-nature ) strand in the teaching of Cyril of Alexandria, it was declared that the two natures are united in Christ ( without any alteration, absorption or confusion ) and ' come together to form one person and one hypostasis '.

Materials for his life are furnished by two Syriac biographies by his contemporary, John of Ephesus, whom Jacobus ordained bishop of Ephesus, printed by Land, and by the third part of the Ecclesiastical History of the same author.

The first four Christian centuries are silent regarding the end of the Virgin Mary's life, though it is asserted, without surviving documentation, that the feast of the Dormition was being observed in Jerusalem shortly after the Council of Ephesus.

Water-powered stone sawmills working with cranks and connecting rods, but without gear train, are archaeologically attested for the 6th century AD at the Eastern Roman cities Gerasa and Ephesus.

Zeuxis and his contemporary Parrhasius ( of Ephesus and later Athens ) are reported in the Naturalis Historia of Pliny the Elder to have staged a contest to determine which of the two was the greater artist.

Although some Orthodox have described this intermediate state as " purgatory ", others distinguish it from aspects associated with it in the West: at the Council of Ferrara-Florence, the Orthodox Bishop and Saint Mark of Ephesus argued that there are in it no purifying fires.

Theodoret's Correspondence ( mentioned below ) is a primary source for the development of Christological issues between the Councils of Ephesus and Chalcedon and illuminates current administrative and social problems.

Hiram was succeeded as king of Tyre by his son Baal-Eser I. Hiram is also mentioned in the writings of Menander of Ephesus, as preserved in Josephus ’ s Against Apion, where some additional information is given that is not found in the Bible.

A letter of Polycrates of Ephesus to Pope Victor I written in about 194, mentioned by Eusebius, ( H. E.

Apollos is also mentioned by Luke in a retrospective account in which details Apollos ' teaching in the synagogue in Ephesus in about 52 / 3 AD, prior to his tenure in Corinth.

In, an important evangelist in Ephesus named Apollos is mentioned as one who " taught accurately the things concerning Jesus, though he knew only the baptism of John.

Michael Cranford, a devout Christian, named five of the cities in the game after cities mentioned in the New Testament: Corinth, Colosse, Philippi, Ephesus, and Thessalonica.

A legend, which was first mentioned by Epiphanius of Salamis in the 4th century AD, purported that Mary may have spent the last years of her life in Ephesus.

Other bishops from Heraclea are known between 4th and 6th century AD as bishop Quintilinus mentioned in the Acts of the Second Council of Ephesus, from 449 AD.

The Emperor Theodosius I, who called the Council, divided the eastern Roman Empire into five " dioceses ": Egypt ( under Alexandria ), the East ( under Antioch ), Asia ( under Ephesus ), Pontus ( under Caesarea Cappadociae ), and Thrace ( originally under Heraclea, later under Constantinople ); and the Council also decreed: " The bishops are not to go beyond their dioceses to churches lying outside of their bounds, nor bring confusion on the churches ; but let the Bishop of Alexandria, according to the canons, alone administer the affairs of Egypt ; and let the bishops of the East manage the East alone, the privileges of the Church in Antioch, which are mentioned in the canons of Nice, being preserved ; and let the bishops of the Asian Diocese administer the Asian affairs only ; and the Pontic bishops only Pontic matters ; and the Thracian bishops only Thracian affairs.

New Testament mention of Jewish populations in Anatolia is widespread: Iconium ( now: Konya ) is said to have a synagogue in Acts 14: 1, and Ephesus is mentioned as having a synagogue in Acts 19: 1 and in Paul's Epistle to the Ephesians.

After a hiatus of several centuries, formal commentary by Eustratius and Michael of Ephesus reappears in the late eleventh and early twelfth centuries, apparently sponsored by Anna Comnena

In historical times Greek maidens of Ephesus performed an annual circular dance with weapons and shields that had been established by Hippolyta and her Amazons.

At a later period, Paul's epistles place him with Paul and Saint Timothy at Ephesus, whence he was sent by Paul to Corinth, Greece for the purpose of getting the contributions of the church there on behalf of the poor Christians at Jerusalem sent forward.

After Christians in Ephesus first wrote to their counterparts recommending Apollos to them, he went to Achaia where Paul names him as an apostle ( 1 Cor 4: 6, 9-13 ) Given that Paul only saw himself as an apostle ' untimely born ' ( 1 Cor 15: 8 ) it is certain that Apollos became an apostle in the regular way ( as a witness to the risen Lord and commissioned by Jesus-1 Cor 15: 5-9 ; 1 Cor 9: 1 ).< ref > So the Alexandrian recension ; the text in < sup > 38 </ sup > and Codex Bezae indicate that Apollos went to Corinth.

The Nicene Creed, largely a response to Arianism, was formulated at the Councils of Nicaea and Constantinople in 325 and 381 respectively and ratified as the universal creed of Christendom by the First Council of Ephesus in 431.

The Council of Chalcedon was convened by Emperor Marcian, with the reluctant approval of Pope Leo the Great, to set aside the 449 Second Council of Ephesus, better known as the " Robber Council ".

On August 8, 449 the Second Council of Ephesus began its first session with Dioscorus presiding by command of the Emperor.

It is also to be noted that by anathemizing Pope Leo because of the tone and content of his tome, as per Alexandrine Theology perception, Pope Dioscorus was found guilty of doing so without due process ; in other words, the Tome of Leo was not a subject of heresy in the first place, but it was a question of questioning the reasons behind not having it either acknowledged or read at the Second Council of Ephesus in AD 449.

However, this agreement was denied by one of the Orthodox bishops present, namely Mark of Ephesus, and the common people of the Orthodox churches generally rejected the agreement as well.

The historic silting of ports along the southern coasts of Asia Minor ( e. g. Clarus, and the examples of Ephesus, Priene and Miletus, where harbors had to be abandoned because of the silt deposited by the Meander ) and in coastal Syria during the last centuries BC.

The Roman Catholic Church recognizes as ecumenical various councils held later than the First Council of Ephesus ( after which churches out of communion with the Holy See because of the Nestorian Schism did not participate ), later than the Council of Chalcedon ( after which there was no participation by churches that rejected Dyophysitism ), later than the Second Council of Nicaea ( after which there was no participation by the Eastern Orthodox Church ), and later than the Fifth Council of the Lateran ( after which groups that adhered to Protestantism did not participate ).

#* Second Council of Ephesus ( 449 ) declared Eutyches orthodox and attacked his opponents. Though originally convened as an ecumenical council, this council is not recognized as ecumenical and denounced as a Robber Council by the Chalcedonians ( Catholics, Eastern Orthodox, Protestants ).

) The Council of Florence is an example of a council accepted as ecumenical in spite of being rejected by the East, as the Councils of Ephesus and Chalcedon were rejected by those whom the church considered to have thereby ceased to belong to the church.

The first verse in the letter, according to the late manuscripts used in most English translations, reads, " Paul, an apostle of Christ Jesus by the will of God, To the saints in Ephesus, the faithful in Christ Jesus.

It was written, according to the text, by Paul the Apostle to the Church in Colossae, a small Phrygian city near Laodicea and approximately 100 miles from Ephesus in Asia Minor.

Their spirits were buoyed on Christmas Eve – when they chose to camp in the lush Dercervian valley near Ephesus, they were ambushed by a Turkish detachment ; the French proceeded to slaughter this detachment and appropriate their camp.

Paul, who is in prison ( probably in either Rome or Ephesus ), writes to a fellow Christian named Philemon and two of his associates: a woman named Apphia, sometimes assumed to be his wife, and a fellow worker named Archippus, who is assumed by some to have been Philemon's son and who also appears to have had special standing in the small church that met in Philemon's house ( see Colossians 4: 17 ).

The epistle was written from Ephesus ( 16: 8 ), a city on the west coast of today's Turkey, about 180 miles by sea from Corinth.

The Epistle is traditionally held to have been composed by John the Evangelist, at Ephesus, when the writer was in advanced age.

His orations were cited as authoritative by the First Council of Ephesus in 431.