Besides Egypt, the Church of Alexandria has jurisdiction over Pentapolis, Libya, Nubia, Sudan, Ethiopia, Eritrea and all Africa.

Djibouti has fought in clashes against Eritrea over the Ras Doumeira peninsula, which both countries claim to be under their sovereignty.

While Djibouti ’ s President Ismail Omar Guelleh has close ties with Ethiopia ’ s ruling Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front ( EPRDF ), he has tried to maintain an even hand, developing relations with Eritrea.

In July 1996 the Constitution of Eritrea was ratified, but it has yet to be implemented.

His government has also been condemned for allegedly arming and financing the insurgency in Somalia ; the United States is considering labeling Eritrea a " State Sponsor of Terrorism ," however, many experts on the topic have shied from this assertion, stating that " If there is one country where the fighting of extremists and terrorists was a priority when it mattered, it was Eritrea.

Eritrea has no year-round rivers.

The Economy of Eritrea has experienced modest growth in recent years, indicated by an improvement in Gross domestic product ( GDP ) in 2004 of 2. 5 % over 2003.

Eritrea has no domestic petroleum production ; the Eritrean Petroleum Corporation conducts purchases through international competitive tender.

But it has withdrawn its representative to the AU in protest of what they claim is the AU's lack of leadership in the implementation of the demarcation the border between Eritrea and Ethiopia.

Eritrea also has very tense relations with all of its neighbors: Sudan, Ethiopia, Yemen, Somalia and Djibouti.

Since then, Sudan has accused Eritrea, along with Chad, of supporting rebels.

While normalization of ties continues, Eritrea has been recognized as a broker for peace between the separate factions of the Sudanese civil war.

Since these decisions Ethiopia has refused to permit the physical demarcation of the border while Eritrea insists the border must be demarcated as defined by the Commission.

Eritrea maintains a military force on its border with Ethiopia roughly equal in size to Ethiopia's force, which has required a general mobilization of a significant portion of the population.

Eritrea has viewed this border dispute as an existential threat to itself in particular and the African Union in general, because it deals with the supremacy of colonial boundaries in Africa.

During the border conflict and since, Ethiopia has fostered militants against Eritrea ( including ethnic separatists and religiously based organizations ).

Eritrea has retaliated by hosting militant groups against Ethiopia as well.

The president of Eritrea has visited Israel for medical treatment.

The African Union has called for sanctions on Eritrea, accusing the country of supporting insurgents in Somalia.

Recovery began in the 1990s, but growth has been constrained by the lack of suitable hotels and other infrastructure, despite a boom in construction of small and medium-sized hotels and restaurants, and by the impact of drought, the 1998 – 2000 war with Eritrea, and the specter of terrorism.

Ethiopia is landlocked and was by agreement with Eritrea using the ports of Asseb and Massawa ; since the Eritrean-Ethiopian War, Ethiopia has used the port of Djibouti for nearly all of its imports.

However, demarcation has been delayed, despite intense international intervention, by Ethiopian insistence that the decision ignored " human geography ," made technical errors in the delimitation, and determined that certain disputed areas, specifically Badme, fall to Eritrea.

The Italians suffered about 7, 000 killed and 1, 500 wounded in the battle and subsequent retreat back into Eritrea, with 3, 000 taken prisoner ; Ethiopian losses have been estimated around 4, 000 – 5, 000, but with 8, 000 wounded.

By the time of its independence from Ethiopia in 1993, Eritrea ’ s economy had been destroyed by war and was dependent on income from ports and its small agricultural base.

Although the attacks did not pose a threat to the stability of the Government of Eritrea ( the infiltrators have generally been killed or captured by government forces ), the Eritreans believe the National Islamic Front ( NIF ) in Khartoum supported, trained, and armed the insurgents.

However, giraffes have been extirpated from Burkina Faso, Eritrea, Guinea, Malawi, Mauritania and Senegal.

Among the earliest evidence of the game are fragments of a pottery board and several rock cuts found in Aksumite Ethiopia in Matara ( now in Eritrea ) and Yeha ( in Ethiopia ), which are dated by archaeologists to between the 6th and 7th century AD ; the game may have been mentioned by Giyorgis of Segla in his 14th century Ge ' ez text " Mysteries of Heaven and Earth ," where he refers to a game called qarqis, a term used in Ge ' ez to refer to both Gebet ' a ( Mancala ) and Sant ' araz ( modern sent ' erazh, Ethiopian Chess ).

Eritrea has been actively supported by Norway during its liberation from Ethiopia.

Teff has been widely cultivated and used in the countries of Eritrea and Ethiopia.

The most vigorous claimant has been Ethiopia and Eritrea, where Sheba was traditionally linked with the ancient Axumite Kingdom.

Has been connected with Sabaeans and peoples on either side of the narrowest part of the Red Sea, in both Yemen / South Arabia, and Eritrea / Ethiopia / Somalia.

Eritrea would have its own parliament and administration and would be represented in what had been the Ethiopian parliament and would become the federal parliament.

* After the former Italian colony of Eritrea had been under victor Britain's administration since 5 May 1941, a specific United Nations administration, under Britain, was installed on 19 February 1951, under a UN High Commissioner, Edoardo Anze Matienzo ( Bolivian, b. 1902 ), whose office ceased on 15 September 1952 when it was Federated with Ethiopia under the sovereignty of the Ethiopian emperor.

However, the repatriation project encountered a series of obstacles: the runway at Axum Airport was considered too short for a cargo plane carrying even one of the thirds into which the stele had been cut ; the roads and bridges between Addis Ababa and Axum were thought to be not up to the task of road transport ; and access through the nearby Eritrean port of Massawa – which was how the stele originally left Africa – was impossible due to the strained state of relations between Eritrea and Ethiopia.

He has been President of Eritrea ever since the country seceded from Ethiopia in 1991 and then elected by the National Assembly after achieving de jure independence in 1993.

The general election, which should have been held in the summer of 1998, was postponed because of the outbreak of war between Ethiopia and Eritrea in May 1998.

The gap of health service provision has narrowed around the country and that Eritrea has been recognized internationally for successes achieved in meeting the Millennium Development Goals.

The TPLF had been from its modest beginnings in the early 1970s, had been a protégé and close ally of the Eritrean People ’ s Liberation Front ( EPLF ) and in 1988 a secret agreement between the two had decided that, once the Derg regime led by Mengistu Haile Mariam had been overthrown, the TPLF would assume power in Addis Ababa and accept a referendum on independence in Eritrea.

In the 3rd millennium BC, they traded with the Land of Punt, which is believed to have been situated in an area encompassing northern Somalia, Djibouti, Eritrea and the Red Sea coast of Sudan.

193-Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei Darussalam, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, People's Republic of China, Colombia, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Côte d ' Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, European Union, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, Kuwait, North Korea, South Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Republic of Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Federated States of Micronesia, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Niue, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Palau, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, San Marino, São Tomé and Príncipe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Tuvalu, Uganda, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe

During the 16th and 17th centuries, in particular at the height of its power under the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent, the Ottoman Empire was one of the most powerful states in the world – a multinational, multilingual empire that stretched from the southern borders of the Holy Roman Empire to the outskirts of Vienna, Royal Hungary ( modern Slovakia ) and the Polish – Lithuanian Commonwealth in the north to Yemen and Eritrea in the south ; from Algeria in the west to Azerbaijan in the east ; controlling much of southeast Europe, Western Asia and North Africa.

On November 6, the Department of Justice set a deadline of January 10 for those from another 13 countries: Afghanistan, Algeria, Bahrain, Eritrea, Lebanon, Morocco, North Korea, Oman, Qatar, Somalia, Tunisia, the United Arab Emirates, and Yemen.

It eventually included citizens of 23 nations with majority Muslim populations, as well as Eritrea, which has a large Muslim population, and North Korea.

Johns and Heritage also argued that Mengistu's decision to permit a Soviet naval and air presence on the Red Sea ports of Eritrea represented a strategic challenge to U. S. security interests in the Middle East and North Africa.

The country with the least degree of press freedom was Eritrea, followed by North Korea, Turkmenistan, Syria, Iran, and China.

In 2009 Iceland, Norway, Finland, Denmark, and Sweden topped the list with North Korea, Turkmenistan, Myanmar ( Burma ), Libya, Eritrea at the bottom.

* Group 2: Afghanistan, Algeria, Bahrain, Eritrea, Lebanon, Morocco, North Korea, Oman, Qatar, Somalia, Tunisia, the United Arab Emirates, Yemen

It also occurs in semi-dry sub-tropical areas of Central Asia ( Iran, Turkey, Afghanistan, Oman, Pakistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan ), southern Europe ( Italy, Malta, Albania, Romania, Greece, Bulgaria, Cyprus ), North Africa ( Algeria, Libya, Egypt, Sudan, Eritrea, Somalia ), and along the shores of the Gulf of Aden and in the Middle East.

The Press Freedom Index, published by Reporters Without Borders, has ranked Eritrea as a country with the least freedom of press for five consecutive years since 2007 followed by North Korea.

Beja ( also called Bedawi, Bedauye, To Bedawie ) or North Cushitic is an Afro-Asiatic language of the southern coast of the Red Sea, spoken by about two million nomads, the Beja, in parts of Egypt, Sudan, and Eritrea.

Sukhoi attack and fighter aircraft have been supplied to Armenia, India, China, Poland, the Czech Republic, Iraq, Slovakia, Hungary, Georgia, East Germany, Syria, Algeria, North Korea, Vietnam, Malaysia, Afghanistan, Yemen, Egypt, Libya, Iran, Angola, Ethiopia, Peru, Eritrea, and Indonesia.

* North Eastern District, Eritrea

Imported styles of music from Europe, North America, and elsewhere in Africa, as well as the Caribbean, are also very popular in urban areas of Eritrea.

The disease has been seen to occur after famines in Europe ( France, Spain, Germany ), North Africa, South Asia, and is still prevalent in Eritrea, Ethiopia and Afghanistan ( pan handle ) when Lathyrus seed is the exclusive or main source of nutrients for extended periods.

MVSN Colonial Militia were colonial military units of the Italian Fascist MVSN organization ( Milizia Volontaria per la Sicurezza Nazionale ; " Volunteering Militia for the National Security ") based in the Italian African colonial possessions of Italian North Africa ( comprising Cyrenaica and Tripolitania ), and in Italian East Africa ( comprising Eritrea, Ethiopia and Italian Somaliland ).

::* Blin ( North ) spoken in Eritrea around the town of Keren ( 70, 000 speakers )

Spearhead General: The Epic Story of General Sir Frank Messervy and his Men in Eritrea, North Africa and Burma.

North Korea is currently ranked second to last ( ahead of Eritrea ) on the World Press Freedom Index published by Reporters Without Borders.