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Esperanto is not the primary language of any geographic region, outside of temporary gatherings ( such as conventions like the World Congress of Esperanto ) and isolated offices ( such as the World Esperanto Association's central office in Rotterdam ).
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Esperanto and is
is a novella which uses basic grammar and vocabulary in the first chapter and builds up to expert Esperanto by the end, including word lists so that beginners may easily follow along.
He also presents the idea that, once one has learned enough vocabulary to express himself, it is easier to think clearly in Esperanto than in many other languages.
Estimates of Esperanto speakers range from 10, 000 to 2, 000, 000 active or fluent speakers, as well as perhaps a thousand native speakers, that is, people who learned Esperanto from birth as one of their native languages.
Esperanto is currently the language of instruction of the International Academy of Sciences in San Marino.
There is evidence that learning Esperanto may provide a superior foundation for learning languages in general, and some primary schools teach it as preparation for learning other foreign languages.
Esperanto is the working language of several non-profit international organizations such as the Sennacieca Asocio Tutmonda, a left-wing cultural association, or Education @ Internet, which has developed from an Esperanto organization ; most others are specifically Esperanto organizations.
Esperanto is also the first language of teaching and administration of one university, the International Academy of Sciences San Marino.
As a constructed language, Esperanto is not genealogically related to any ethnic language.
Typologically, Esperanto has prepositions and a free pragmatic word order that by default is subject – verb – object.
Stress is always on the second-last vowel in fully Esperanto words unless a final vowel o is elided, which occurs mostly in poetry.
Esperantujo () or Esperantio is a term ( meaning " Esperanto-land ") used by speakers of the constructed international auxiliary language Esperanto to refer to the Esperanto community and the activities going on in the language.
That declaration stated, among other things, that the basis of the language should remain the Fundamento de Esperanto (" Foundation of Esperanto ", a group of early works by Zamenhof ), which is to be binding forever: nobody has the right to make changes to it.
Many Esperantists believe this declaration stabilising the language is a major reason why the Esperanto speaker community grew beyond the levels attained by other constructed languages and has developed a flourishing culture.
Esperanto is credited with influencing or inspiring several later competing language projects, such as Occidental ( 1922 ) and Novial ( 1928 ).
* 1859: Lazar Zamenhof, the creator of Esperanto, is born in Białystok, Russia ( now Poland ).
* 1905: The first Universala Kongreso ( World Congress ) is held in Boulogne-sur-Mer, with 688 participants and conducted entirely in Esperanto.
The Fundamento de Esperanto is published.
The Ĉekbanko Esperantista ( Esperantist Checking Bank ) is founded in London, using the spesmilo, an auxiliary Esperanto currency based on the gold standard.
* 1908: Universala Esperanto-Asocio, the World Esperanto Association, is founded by Hector Hodler, a 19-year-old Swiss Esperantist.
Esperanto and primary
For them, Esperanto is their primary language and they consider national languages to be merely auxiliary.
Esperanto and language
* La Espero ( anthem of the language Esperanto )
In 2007 Esperanto was the 32nd language that adhered to the " Common European Framework of Reference for Languages: Learning, Teaching, Assessment ( CEFR )".
On February 22, 2012, Google Translate added Esperanto as its 64th language.
There was a proposal to make Esperanto its official language.
After the Great War, there was a proposal for the League of Nations to accept Esperanto as their working language, following a report by Nitobe Inazō, an official delegate of League of Nations during the 13th World Congress of Esperanto in Prague.
Hanotaux did not like how the French language was losing its position as the international language and saw Esperanto as a threat, effectively wielding his veto power to block the decision.
In his work, Mein Kampf, Adolf Hitler specifically mentioned Esperanto as an example of a language that would be used by an International Jewish Conspiracy once they achieved world domination.
He denounced Esperanto as " the language of spies " and had Esperantists exiled or executed.
Fascist Italy, however, allowed the use of Esperanto finding its phonology similar to that of Italian and publishing some touristic material in the language.
Esperanto has never been a secondary official language of any recognized country.
In addition, the self-proclaimed artificial island micronation of Rose Island used Esperanto as its official language in 1968.
In the summer of 1924, the American Radio Relay League adopted Esperanto as its official international auxiliary language, and hoped that the language would be used by radio amateurs in international communications, but its actual use for radio communications was negligible.
Esperanto and any
At the first Esperanto congress, in Boulogne-sur-Mer in 1905, a declaration was made which defined an " Esperantist " merely as one who knows and uses the language " regardless of what kind of aims he uses it for ", and which also specifically declared any ideal beyond the spread of the language itself to be a private matter for the individual speaker.
Partly because of its Esperanto dialogue, and partly because of the scandal of one of the actors taking his own life and that of his girlfriend ( see below ), Taylor and Stevens were unable to find any distribution for the film except in France, where it premiered in November 1966.
If you'd like to help with the process, here's a list of all pages on the English Wikipedia which include links to their Esperanto counterparts: follow the links, and if the eo page hasn't been updated, put in an en: link to the English page and any other languages which might be linked.
Some Esperantists maintain that Esperanto does have an international culture, or interculture, developed over the past century, which includes among other things a significant original literature that provides the Esperanto community with a common background — a distinctive feature of any cultural community.
However, fluency in Esperanto requires an automatisation of skills and therefore extensive practice, as does fluency in any human language, despite Esperanto's systematic grammar.
The only ones with any significant number of speakers are Ido, an Esperanto reform, and Interlingua, an independent " naturalistic " creation that aims to be intelligible without study to a European polyglot.
* the language knowledge acquired with Esperanto was evidently such as could not be reached ( under similar conditions ) with any other foreign language ;
* show that, under normal scholastic instruction conditions, Esperanto can be more easily learned than any other language ;
Although definitions of " Esperantist " vary, according to the Declaration of Boulogne, a document agreed at the first World Congress of Esperanto, an Esperantist is someone who speaks Esperanto and uses it for any purpose.
In Esperanto, therefore, a numido would be any bird of the genus Numida, and a meleagra numido the helmeted guineafowl specifically.
For example, in Esperanto, any word can be transformed into a verb, either by altering its ending to-i, or by applying suffixes such as-igi and-iĝi ; and in Semitic languages, the process often involves changes of internal vowels, such as the Hebrew word " גגל " (, ), from the proper noun גוגל ().
The Esperanto imperative is often named " volitive " instead, since it can be conjugated with a subject in any person, and also used in subordinate clauses )
The words are also declined as any Esperanto noun ( eŭro / eŭroj in the nominative, eŭron / eŭrojn in the accusative ).
Finally, it defined an " Esperantist " as someone who knows and uses the language Esperanto for any purpose.
Although Zamenhof initially called his reform a systematic attempt to re-create the language in the light of more than six years of practical experience, scarcely any of the Esperanto community of the time accepted it as a whole.
Whereas Esperanto is meant to be an international second language able to be fluently learned by speakers of any language, Interlingua is directed more toward European languages, especially its control languages.
Though Esperanto may be more neutral as well as easier to master, Esperantists can usually only communicate with other Esperantists ; Interlingua, however, can be understood well by a speaker of any Romance language ( as well as sufficiently educated speakers of other European languages, especially English ).
For this reason Bahá ' ís tend to place emphasis on the urgency of introducing such a language rather than giving direct support to Esperanto or to any other one language.
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