Ethnologists in these countries tended to focus on differentiating among local ethnolinguistic groups, documenting local folk culture, and representing the prehistory of what has become a nation through various forms of public education ( eg, museums of several kinds ).

Ethnologists often avoid the term " pagan ," with its uncertain and varied meanings, in referring to traditional or historic faiths, preferring more precise categories such as polytheism, shamanism, pantheism, or animism.

Ethnologists identify three different sub-groups.

* Elephants and Ethnologists.

Ethnologists have speculated that, like some other Siouan peoples, the Ho-Chunk originated along the East Coast and migrated west in ancient times.

Ethnologists and scholars studying the Mandan subscribe to the theory that, like other Siouan-speaking people ( possibly including the Hidatsa ), they originated in the area of the mid-Mississippi River and the Ohio River valleys in present-day Ohio.

Ethnologists have not reached consensus on how the Natchez social system originally functioned, and the topic is somewhat controversial.

v. 81 Ethnologists describe under the heading of avunculate the customs regulating in an altogether special way the relations of a nephew to his maternal uncle.

Finally there are those archaeologists and evolutionary anthropologists – among them Ian Watts, Camilla Power and Chris Knight ( co-founder with James Hurford of the EVOLANG series of conferences ) — who argue that ' the origin of language ' is probably an insoluble problem.

They maintain that what constitutes child abuse is a matter of objective fact, and that some of the practices which mainstream anthropologists apologize for ( e. g., sacrificial rituals ) may result in psychosis, dissociation and magical thinking: particularly for the surviving children who had a sacrificed brother or sister by their parents.

The first to challenge the concept of race on empirical grounds were anthropologists Franz Boas, who demonstrated phenotypic plasticity due to environmental factors, and Ashley Montagu who relied on evidence from genetics.

They can be anthropologists, artists, doctors, police, or even zealots, who will explore the mysteries of this huge artificial world and its inhabitants.

His line of thought was continued by linguists and anthropologists such as Harry Hoijer and Dorothy D. Lee who both continued investigations into the effect of language on habitual thought, and George L. Trager who prepared a number of Whorf's left-behind papers for publishing.

This is similar to the system earlier developed by anthropologists Morton H. Fried, a conflict theorist, and Elman Service, an integration theorist, who have produced a system of classification for societies in all human cultures based on the evolution of social inequality and the role of the state.

Colin Macmillan Turnbull ( November 23, 1924 – July 28, 1994 ) was a British-American anthropologist who came to public attention with the popular books The Forest People ( on the Mbuti Pygmies of Zaire ) and The Mountain People ( on the Ik people of Uganda ), and one of the first anthropologists to work in the field of ethnomusicology.

Another opponent of primitivism is the Australian anthropologist Roger Sandall, who has accused other anthropologists of exalting the " noble savage ".

Within anthropology, Eric Wolf pushed political economy towards a neo-Marxist framework which began addressing the role of local cultures as a part of the world capitalist system as opposed to earlier political economists and anthropologists who viewed those cultures as “' primitive isolates '” ( Wolf 1997: 13 ).

In reading the transcriptions of Indian myths, for example, which were generally recorded as prose by the anthropologists who came before, Hymes noticed that there are commonly poetic structures in the wording and structuring of the tale.

For politicians, moralists, and many social scientists ( but few anthropologists ) who saw science and human interests as necessarily independent or even opposed, however, the earlier Boasian principle of cultural relativism was anathema.

This is an incomplete list of anthropologists and scholars who have done research on the Haida.

Among anthropologists, and other ethnographers, who have contributed to ritual theory are Victor Turner, Ronald Grimes, Mary Douglas, and the biogenetic structuralists.

The first is described by anthropologists as people of the Veddo-Australoid type, who arrived from the north and west at least 42, 000 years ago.

From the viewpoint of anthropologists, cultures of honour typically appear among nomadic peoples and herdsmen who carry their most valuable property with them and risk having it stolen, without having recourse to law enforcement or government.

He was taken in by anthropologists at the University of California, Berkeley, who both studied him and hired him as a research assistant.

No doubt, she is a sensitive literary critic who would be bored with the kind of detailed monographs historians and ethnographic anthropologists do as a matter of course.

Various indigenous men from around the world, who were at the World's Fair as part of the Department of Ethnology exhibits, competed in various events for anthropologists to see how they compared to the white man.

Several linguists and anthropologists have done extensive studies of Lacandon language and culture, including Phillip Baer, a missionary linguist with Summer Institute of Linguistics who lived among the Lacandon for more than 50 years, Roberto Bruce an American linguist who devoted his life to studying Lacandon language and culture, and Christian Rätsch who spent three years living with the Lacandon while studying their spells and incantations.

Neves ' conclusions have been challenged by research done by anthropologists Rolando Gonzalez-Jose, Frank Williams and William Armelagos who have shown in their studies that the cranio-facial variability could just be due to genetic drift and other factors affecting cranio-facial plasticity in Native Americans.

Today anthropology is a global discipline, and anthropologists study all types of societies.

The quest for holism leads most anthropologists to study a particular place, problem or phenomenon in detail, using a variety of methods, over a more extensive period than normal in many parts of academia.

Biological anthropologists are interested in both human variation and in the possibility of human universals ( behaviors, ideas or concepts shared by virtually all human cultures ) They use many different methods of study, but modern population genetics, participant observation and other techniques often take anthropologists " into the field ," which means traveling to a community in its own setting, to do something called " fieldwork.

A common criticism has been that many social science scholars ( such as economists, sociologists, and psychologists ) in Western countries focus disproportionately on Western subjects, while anthropology focuses disproportionately on the " other "; this has changed over the last part of the twentieth century as anthropologists increasingly, also study Western subjects, particularly variation across class, region, or ethnicity within Western societies, and other social scientists increasingly take a global view of their fields.

Typically anthropologists and archeologists study bone tools made by Homo sapiens and Homo neanderthalensis.

A subject of much scholarship by sociologists and anthropologists, the Hindu caste system is sometimes used as an analogical basis for the study of caste-like social divisions existing outside Hinduism and India.

She also funded expeditions by anthropologists and archaeologists to study and collect objects.

For archaeologists, anthropologists and historians the study of pottery can help to provide an insight into past cultures.

A major development in recent decades has been the study of the formation, structure, and evolution of scientific communities by sociologists and anthropologists including Michel Callon, Bruno Latour, John Law, Anselm Strauss, Lucy Suchman, and others.

It appealed to many because it used the study of incest taboos and marriage to answer more fundamental research interests of anthropologists at the time: how can an anthropologist map out the social relationships within a given community, and how do these relationships promote or endanger social solidarity?

A typical ethnography attempts to be holistic and typically follows an outline to include a brief history of the culture in question, an analysis of the physical geography or terrain inhabited by the people under study, including climate, and often including what biological anthropologists call habitat.

Several areas related to the third paradigm, the study of anthropological issues, are particularly rich areas of study for current linguistic anthropologists.

In addition, anthropologists study the history and prehistory of competition in various cultures.

It went through a history of rigorous ban by both the Canadian and United States ' federal governments, and has been the study of many anthropologists.

The statement cites, “ sufficiently troubling and urgent ethical issues ” raised by the HTS project, including the difficulties for HTS anthropologists to receive informed consent without coercion from their research subjects and to uphold their ethical mandate to “ do no harm ” to those they study.

Forensic anthropologists study the human skeleton in a legal setting.

" In 2011 physical anthropologists at the University of Pennsylvania, which owns Morton ’ s collection, published a study that concluded that " Morton did not manipulate his data to support his preconceptions, contra Gould.

Similarly, Gudeman argued that Western economic anthropologists will invariably " find " the people they study to behave " rationally " since that is what their model leads them to do.

" The study of their culture by anthropologists and linguists would prove important in the creation of the fields of Social Anthropology and Ethnomusicology.

It is used as a reference by some scholars, sociologists, and anthropologists who study the Amish.

In addition, numerous Western anthropologists have come to Tana Toraja to study the indigenous culture and people of Toraja.

While for a whole century ( 1860 to 1960 roughly ) political anthropology developed as a discipline concerned primarily with politics in stateless societies, a new development started from the 1960s, and is still unfolding: anthropologists started increasingly to study more “ complex ” social settings in which the presence of states, bureaucracies and markets entered both ethnographic accounts and analysis of local phenomena.