In Russian it is often referred to by the acronym FIAN ( ФИАН ) standing for " Physical Institute of the Academy of Sciences ".

FIAN is an international human rights organization that has advocated for the realization of the right to food for more than 20 years.

FIAN ’ s mission is to expose violations of people's right to food wherever they may occur.

FIAN ’ s vision is a world free from hunger, in which every woman, man and child can fully enjoy their human rights in dignity, particularly the right to adequate food, as laid down in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other international human rights instruments.

FIAN is an international membership based organisation.

The overall mission, vision and the strategy of FIAN is defined and revised by the International Council ( IC ), and represented by delegates of the sections who meet once in two years.

The IC elects the International Executive Committee ( IEC ), which is headed by the president, and supervises the implementation of FIAN ’ s strategic plans.

The operative working unit being in charge of the execution of FIAN ’ s programs is its International Secretariat ( IS ) located in Heidelberg ( Germany ), and coordinated by the Secretary General.

FIAN ’ s analysis is based on the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights as interpreted in the UN General Comments, in particular General Comment 12 on the right to adequate food.

The Right to Food Guidelines adopted by the FAO in 2004 is one of the tools FIAN uses to monitor states ’ right to food policies.

Public Eye on Davos-Positive Award: In 2006, FIAN International together with two partners won the Public Eye on Davos-Positive Award, which is given every year on the occasion of the World Economic Forum in Davos, for their commitment in favour of the rights of workers of the Mexican tyre factory Euzkadi.

FIAN has some 45 active local groups worldwide.

Total membership of FIAN currently stands at 3600 members and has twelve country sections: in Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Germany, Ghana, Honduras, India ( and there also in the states of Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal ), Mexico, Norway, the Philippines, Sweden and Switzerland.

After this essay was circulated in samizdat and then published outside the Soviet Union ( initially on July 6, 1968, in the Dutch newspaper Het Parool through intermediary of the Dutch academic and writer Karel van het Reve, followed by The New York Times ), Sakharov was banned from all military-related research and returned to FIAN to study fundamental theoretical physics.

They named the jewel Fianit after the institute's name FIAN ( Physical Institute of the Academy of Science ), but the name was not used outside of the USSR.

He was the successor to Igor Tamm as head of the Department of Theoretical Physics of the Academy's physics institute ( FIAN ), and an outspoken atheist.

The preface to the ITDG publishing / FIAN paper on food sovereignty says: " The Food Sovereignty policy framework starts by placing the perspective and needs of the majority at the heart of the global food policy agenda and embraces not only the control of production and markets, but also the Right to Food, people ’ s access to and control over land, water and genetic resources, and the use of environmentally sustainable approaches to production.

* " FOOD SOVEREIGNTY: towards democracy in localized food systems " by Michael Windfuhr and Jennie Jonsén, FIAN.

FIAN consists of national sections and individual members in over 50 countries around the world.

FIAN analyzes and documents concrete cases of violations of the right to food.

With protest letter campaigns, advocacy and recourse to the law, FIAN exerts public pressure in order to hold governments accountable for violations of the right to food.

FIAN follows up on cases until the victims get appropriate redress.

At the local level, members of FIAN form groups mainly run by volunteers.

The IEC meets bi-annually to review and strategize FIAN programs, methods and budgets.

FIAN uses various working tools to achieve the realization of the right to adequate food.

At international Fact Finding Missions, FIAN identifies and addresses human rights violations.

FIAN interviews people threatened or affected by violations of their right to food and verifies the facts of a situation.

On request of those affected, FIAN reacts quickly, analyses the case and mobilises members and supporters worldwide to send out Urgent Action protest letters.

The SIG is a privately held, not-for-profit trade association founded in September 1998.

The groups of companies that form IKEA are all controlled by INGKA Holding., a Dutch corporation, which in turn is controlled by a tax-exempt, not-for-profit Dutch foundation.

IKEA is owned and operated by a complicated array of not-for-profit and for-profit corporations.

INGKA Holding is not an independent company, but is wholly owned by the Stichting Ingka Foundation, which Kamprad established in 1982 in the Netherlands as a tax-exempt, not-for-profit foundation.

It is sold by CEA, a not-for-profit organisation.

Mount Saint Vincent University is also home to the Centre for Women in Business, a not-for-profit university business development centre ( UBDC ), dedicated to assisting with entrepreneurial activities both within the university and throughout Nova Scotia.

In 2000, Hart became a member of the Board of Directors of the Institute for Music and Neurologic Function, a not-for-profit organization whose mission is to seek to establish new knowledge and develop more effective therapies which awaken, stimulate and heal through the extraordinary power of music – continuing his investigation into the connection between healing and rhythm, and the neural basis of rhythm.

An increasing number of organizations are using, what is referred to as, project portfolio management ( PPM ) as a means of selecting the right projects and then using project management techniques as the means for delivering the outcomes in the form of benefits to the performing private or not-for-profit organization.

He is also Member of the Supervisory Council of the International Luxembourg Forum on Preventing Nuclear Catastrophe, a not-for-profit organization uniting leading experts on non-proliferation of nuclear weapons, materials and delivery vehicles.

The University of Southern California ( USC ) is a private, not-for-profit, nonsectarian, research university located in the South Central portion of Los Angeles, California, United States.

However, EMTALA is independent of the payers, EMTALA is not similar to bad debt or charity care that MANY not-for-profit hospitals enjoy.

LINX is a not-for-profit organisation ( Company Limited by Guarantee ).

The Decorative Arts Center of Ohio is a not-for-profit museum whose mission is to foster knowledge and appreciation of the decorative arts ; celebrate the architecture and heritage of the Reese-Peters House ; and enhance the vitality and integrity of historic Lancaster.

It is a 600-bed not-for-profit hospital that also serves as the regional trauma center, including a stroke unit.

Located in the Strand District, the Grand 1894 Opera House is a restored historic Romanesque Revival style Opera House that is currently operated as a not-for-profit performing arts theater.

Several anti-corporate and not-for-profit forms of alternative protest have surfaced in the punk underground, such as self-made publications known as zines, where there is greater freedom to discuss controversial ( usually far left ) political issues such as discrimination, LGBT community issues, feminism, antitheism, and veganism.

The National Centre for Vocational Education Research or NCVER is a not-for-profit company owned by the federal, state and territory ministers responsible for training.

The weekend is produced by Heart of the Flag Federation Inc. ( HOTF ), which is a not-for-profit membership club for sexual minorities in Toronto's Leather, Fetish and Kink Community.

CIFAS-The UK's Fraud Prevention Service, is a not-for-profit membership association representing the private and public sectors.

Sticky Institute in Melbourne, Australia is a not-for-profit artist-run initiative dedicated solely to the distribution of zines.