In the latter part of the 1980s, Yoshimoto criticized the anti-nuclear power and anti-nuclear weapons movements started by intellectual advocates of postwar democracy such as Kenzaburo Oe as ' Anti-Nuclear Fascism ".

Fascism has mixed stances on capitalism ; while supportive of private property rights, fascism upholds statism and corporatism and is hostile to the concepts of laissez-faire capitalism, free market systems, free trade, economic individualism, consumerism, and bourgeois culture.

Nazism drew heavily on Italian Fascism: nationalism ( including collectivism and populism based on nationalist values ); Third Position ( including class collaboration, corporatism, economic planning, mixed economy, national syndicalism, protectionism, and the studies of socialism that fit the Nazi Party ideologues and agendas ); totalitarianism ( including dictatorship, holism, major social interventionism, and statism ); and militarism.

Italian Fascism involved corporatism, a political system in which the economy is collectively managed by employers, workers, and state officials by formal mechanisms at the national level.

Italian Fascism presented the economic system of corporatism as the solution that would preserve private enterprise and property while allowing the state to intervene in the economy when private enterprise failed.

The Economy of Italy under Fascism refers to the economy in Italy between 1922 and 1943 when the Fascists were in control.

Fascism denounces capitalism not because of its competitive nature nor its support of private property that fascism supports ; but due to its materialism, individualism, alleged bourgeois decadence, and alleged indifference to the nation.

Mussolini's Doctrine of Fascism states, " The Fascist conception of the State is all-embracing ; outside of it no human or spiritual values can exist, much less have value.

While Fascism claimed that corporatism gave workers power alongside employer in workplaces in reality the concept of " Fuhrerprinzip " gave employers and State-appointed workplace managers absolute control over the workplace as dictated by the State-owned German Labor Front ; based on the Social Darwinist ideology that certain individuals are " gifted " and " born to rule ", employers thought to be part of that group.

Rethinking the Nature of Fascism: Comparative Perspectives ( Palgrave Macmillan ; 2011 ) 287 pages

Sociologically, to the fascist man, to become a bourgeois was a character flaw inherent to the masculine mystique ; therefore, the ideology of Italian Fascism scornfully defined the bourgeois man as “ spiritually castrated ”.

The country went through successive crises after the war: the 1922 – 1926 General Strike ; the Great Depression of 1929 – 32 ; the rise of communist Bolshevism after 1917 and Fascism after 1922 ; the Spanish Civil War 1936 onwards ; the invasion of Abyssinia 1936 ; the League of Nations Crisis which followed ; and the re-armament and resurgence of Germany from 1933, leading into another World War.

From 1921 until 1930 he was the ambassador to Rome ; he was not overly impressed with Italian Fascism.

The area was originally chosen in 1930s as the site for the 1942 world's fair which Benito Mussolini planned to open to celebrate twenty years of Fascism ; the letters EUR standing for Esposizione Universale Roma.

21 Issue 3, pp 282-297 ; discusses political historians such as Silvio Lanaro, Aurelio Lepre, and Nicola Tranfaglia, and studies of Fascism, the Italian Communist party, the role of the Christian Democrats in Italian society, and the development of the Italian parliamentary Republic.

He opposed Fascism's later exaltation of existing institutions, calling them " reactionary ", and walked out of the 1920 Fascist party congress in disgust, withdrawing from politics for three years ; but he supported Italian Fascism until his death in 1944.

This does not mean that the ' spiritual ' theory of race is acceptable, but it had at least the merit of not totally failing to see certain values, to refuse the German aberrations and the ones modeled after them and to try to keep racism on a plane of cultural problems worthy of the name " ( Storia degli Ebrei Italiani sotto il Fascismo, or The History of Italian Jews under Fascism 1977 ; 465 ).

Moreover, these divisions, which included accusations of Trotskyism ( and even Fascism ) by the Communists, resulted in actual fighting between their supporters ; most notably, in 1937, a primarily-Communist coalition of government forces attacked the POUM during the Barcelona May Days.

( University of Frankfurt ; similar Reichian slogans were scrawled on the walls of the Sorbonne, and in Berlin students threw copies of Reich's The Mass Psychology of Fascism ( 1933 ) at the police ).

* Albert Meltzer " Two Fascisms ; Anti-Fascist Fascism " in I Couldn't Paint Golden Angels, AK Press

In May 1935, the USSR concluded pacts of mutual assistance with France and Czechoslovakia ; the Comintern was also instructed to form a united front with leftist parties against the forces of Fascism.

* American League Against War and Fascism, 1933 ; became the American League for Peace and Democracy, 1937

From 1929 to 1934, he was local leader of the National Fascist Party ( PNF ) in Florence, as well as editor of the fascist publication Bargello ( named after a military rank of the Middle Ages ), which urged all intellectuals to contribute ; Pavolini aimed for an image of Fascism as cultural and aristocratic-he initiated a series of cultural events that survived both Fascism and his death, including the yearly costumed re-enactment of the Italian Renaissance-era sport Calcio Fiorentino, the Maggio Musicale Fiorentino and the Ponte Vecchio Artisans ' Exhibit.

Fascism asserts that national self-determination requires the allowance for territorial expansion and asserts that imperialism is a necessity for nations growing in numerical, economic, and spiritual strength.

Perón admired Italian Fascism and modelled his economic policies on those pursued by Fascist Italy.

Prior to rising to power, from 1939 to 1941, Peron had developed a deep admiration of Italian Fascism and modelled his economic policies on Italian Fascist economic policies.

Fascism seeks to solve economic, political, and social problems by achieving a millenarian national rebirth, exalting the nation or race above all else, and promoting cults of unity, strength and purity.

The Labour Charter of 1927, promulgated by the Grand Council of Fascism, stated in article 7: " The corporative State considers private initiative, in the field of production, as the most efficient and useful instrument of the Nation ", then continued in article 9: " State intervention in economic production may take place only where private initiative is lacking or is insufficient, or when are at stakes the political interest of the State.

Despite his aping of Fascism, and the strong economic ties with resurgent Nazi Germany, Metaxas followed a policy of neutrality, given Greece's traditionally strong ties to Britain, reinforced by King George II's personal anglophilia.

The economic security, financial freedom, and social mobility of the bourgeoisie threatened the philosophic integrity of Italian Fascism, the ideologic monolith that was the régime of Benito Mussolini.

With the removal of the monarchy, Mussolini claimed the full ideology of Fascism could be pursued, and, to gain popular support, reversed over twenty years of Fascist support of private property and relative economic independence by ordering the nationalization of all companies with over 100 employees.

Harriet Cohen became close to MacDonald during the period when he was Prime Minister from 1929 – 1935, at a time of economic instability and depression which saw the rise of Nazism and Fascism in Europe.

Fascism is a philosophy of government that is marked by stringent social and economic control, a strong, centralized government usually headed by a dictator, and often has a policy of belligerent nationalism that gained power in many countries across Europe in the years leading up to World War II.

: Fascism is therefore opposed to Socialism to which unity within the State ( which amalgamates classes into a single economic and ethical reality ) is unknown, and which sees in history nothing but the class struggle.

: Fascism is definitely and absolutely opposed to the doctrines of liberalism, both in the political and economic sphere.

Historically, Karl Marx predicted that the petite bourgeoisie were to lose in the course of economic development ; in the event, they were to become the political mainstay of Fascism, which political reaction was their terroristic response to the inevitable loss of power ( economic, political, social ) to the haute bourgeoisie.

Hirohito's reign saw, among other things, the end of Taishō Democracy, the May 15 Incident, the February 26 Incident, the rise of Fascism, World War II, the post-war occupation, and the rise of Japan as an industrial and economic power.

Fascism promoted such economics as a " third position " alternative to capitalism and Marxism, as fascism declares both as being obsolete.

Fascism denounces Marxism for its advocacy of materialist internationalist class identity that fascism regards as an attack upon the emotional and spiritual bonds of nationality and thwarting the achievement of genuine national solidarity.

Fascism is commonly described as " extreme right " although some writers have found placing fascism on a conventional left-right political spectrum difficult.

Later the Italian Fascists described fascism as a right-wing ideology in the political program The Doctrine of Fascism, stating: " We are free to believe that this is the century of authority, a century tending to the ' right ,' a fascist century.

Founded and led by Plínio Salgado, a literary figure who was somewhat famous for his participation in the 1922 Modern Art Week, the movement had adopted some characteristics of European mass movements of those times, specifically of Italian Fascism, but differentiating itself from some forms of fascism in that Salgado did not preach racism.

He held similar views about Italian fascism, welcoming victories in the Second Italo-Abyssinian War, arguing that: " Fascism is a shock, without which Italy is a compromise comparable to today's Romania ".

" Meanwhile, self-declared socialist movements had their own versions of " lesser of two evils " policies such as justifying their Popular Front Against Fascism by arguing that allying with capitalist powers to overthrow fascism would be better than having the latter successfully occupy the world and permanently consolidate power.

These documents have been interpreted by some as showing Church support for Fascism, or at least with leanings toward fascism.

" The Movement Against War and Fascism was founded to bring together all opponents of fascism under a communist controlled umbrella organization.

Fascism had its origins in communism, and communism exhibited facets of fascism from its inception.

In his book The Doctrine of Fascism, Benito Mussolini declared that " fascism does not, generally speaking, believe in the possibility or utility of perpetual peace ".

Jung promoted a fascist version of Conservative Revolution from the 1920s to the 1930s, which like fascism: spoke of nations as being singular organic entities ; attacked individualism while promoting militarism and war ; promoted " total mobilization " of human and industrial resources ; and promoting the productive power of modernity, similar to the futurism espoused by Italian Fascism.

On states under fascism, see: Category: Fascism by nation.

In his 1997 article “ Fascism – Borderless and Red ”, Dugin exclaimed the arrival of a “ genuine, true, radically revolutionary and consistent, fascist fascism ” in Russia.

The nature of German fascism, as encapsulated in Nazism was similar to Italian Fascism ideologically and borrowed symbolism from the Italian Fascists such as the use of mass rallies, the straight-armed Roman salute, and the use of pageantry.

During his time as national secretary, he confirmed the MSI ’ s role as the inheritors of Benito Mussolini ’ s Fascist legacy with a number of famous polemical statements, including: " Dear comrades, MSI claims its right to refer to fascism " ( 1988 ), " We are fascists, the heirs of fascism, the fascism of the year 2000 " ( 1991 ), " After almost half a century, the idea of fascism is alive " ( 1992 ), " There are phases where freedom is not among the key values " ( 1994 ), " Mussolini was the greatest Italian statesman of the twentieth century ", " Fascism has a tradition of honesty, correctness and good government " ( 1994 ).

Like early fascism, Perón had no racial bias and he had good relations with the important Argentine Jewish community, but it has been alleged that he had a personal affinity towards German Nazism and Italian Fascism ( especially for the controversial refuge of Nazi fugitives in Argentina after WWII ).

A famous historian of Fascism, Zeev Sternhell, has identified personalism with fascism in a very controversial manner, claiming that Mounier's personalism movement " shared ideas and political reflexes with fascism ".