The battle resulted in a heavy defeat of Christian IV's troops by those of Emperor Ferdinand II, led by the Catholic League general Johan Tzerclaes, Count of Tilly.

Alfonso, by formally submitting his reign to the Papacy, obtained the consent of Pope Eugene IV that the Kingdom of Naples would go to his immature son Ferdinand.

In the last years of the reign of Ferdinand III of Castile, Castilian began to be used for certain types of documents, and it was during the reign of Alfonso X that it became the official language.

Philip was to succeed Ferdinand, but during the former's reign Maximilian, as king of the Romans, was to govern Germany.

At the end of Bolkiah's reign, in 1521, the first Europeans visited Brunei when Ferdinand Magellan's expedition arrived at the port.

During the reign of Ferdinand ( 1367 – 1383 ) and under the regency of Leonora the ruling dynasty ceased to represent the national will ; the Portuguese people therefore made an end of the dynasty and chose its own ruler.

* Sant Ferran Castle, built in 1753 during the reign of Ferdinand VI of Spain.

The reign of Ferdinand VII ( reigned 1808 – 33 ) saw several Catalan uprisings and after his death the conflict over the succession between the absolutist " Carlist " partisans of Infante Carlos and the liberal partisans of Isabella II led to the First Carlist War, which lasted until 1840 and was especially virulent in the Catalan territory.

" To the amazement of his initial detractors, Ferdinand generally made a success during the first two decades of his reign.

Isabella died in childbirth in 1498, putting a damper on Portuguese ambitions to rule in Spain, which various rulers had harbored since the reign of King Ferdinand I ( 1367 – 1383 ).

About 200 years later the city of Aranjuez itself came into being during the reign of Ferdinand VI ; previously, only relatives of the monarch had been allowed to live in Aranjuez.

" Two private Castilian documents dated 1 January 1037 both express Ferdinand's continuing vassalage to the Leonese monarch explicitly, dating themselves by the reign of " king Bermudo and Ferdinand, count in his realms ".< ref > In the first Rodrigo Téllez, on the occasion of his entering the monastery of San Pedro de Arlanza, donated his inheritance in Jaramillo to the monastery ( Martínez Díez 2007, 182: rex Vermudo et Fredinando comes in regnis suis ).

Due to his poor health, he delegated part of his power to his brother Ferdinand I of Aragon in the later part of his reign, who became regent while Henry's son John II of Castile was too young to rule.

In the period of the persecution of witches ( 1435 – 1655 ) 37 people were executed in Cologne, mostly during the reign of the Archbishop of Cologne Ferdinand of Bavaria.

A route connecting Sorrento to Castellammare di Stabia was opened under the reign of Ferdinand II ( 1830 – 1859 ).

Sancho was recognised and supported by the majority of the nobility and the cities, but a sizable minority opposed him throughout his reign and worked for the heirs of Ferdinand de la Cerda.

In the Philippines, this 2: 1 exchange rate continued right up until November 1965 on the eve of the reign of President Ferdinand Marcos.

Work on the building stopped at the conclusion of Charles III's reign and throughout the Peninsular War and was only initiated again during the reign of Charles III's grandson, Ferdinand VII.

The reign of Ferdinand VII proved unable to overcome the political divide or to create stable institutions.

At the same time, Alfonso IX of León seized Chaves, which remained in Leonese hands until the reign of King Sancho II, when he and Ferdinand III met in 1230 / 1231.

He would eventually succeed his brother Emperor Matthias as reigning archduke of Lower and Upper Austria, but abdicated in favor of Emperor Ferdinand II after only a few months, making it the shortest ( and often ignored ) reign in Austrian history.

Cardinal Cisneros ' life coincided with and greatly influenced a dynamic period in Spanish history during the reign of Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile when Spain underwent many significant changes, leading it into its prominent role in the Golden Age of Empire ( 1500 – 1700 ).

Due to the support he had given Joseph Bonaparte during his short reign in Spain, he was considered an afrancesado and, although he had already died, when Ferdinand VII recovered the throne, his family was persecuted and his fortune and holdings were confiscated.

During the middle of the 16th century, under the reign of Ferdinand I, the medieval castle was rebuilt into a well-defensible fortification.

Spanish leader, of liberal ideas, and accused of belonging to masonry just like other independentist leaders, didn ’ t share king Ferdinand VII's ideas all the time, a monarch considered tyrannical, besides absolutism supporter.

* July – Spain: In order to facilitate the movement of Reconquista, Pope Honorius III reverses Innocent III ’ s earlier judgement and declares Ferdinand III of Castile legitimate heir to the Kingdom of Leon.

In 1798, the university was abolished by the French, who had invaded Cologne in 1794, because under the new French constitution, universities were abolished all over France. The last rector Ferdinand Franz Wallraf was able to preserve the university ’ s Great Seal, now once more in use.

Ferdinand ’ s parents were in a common-law marriage and not legally married.

The body of water beyond the tip of South America is called the “ Mare Magellanicum ,” one of the first uses of navigator Ferdinand Magellan ’ s name in such a context.

Sorge used the examples of Julius Caesar and Ferdinand Magellan using brutal methods to crush mutinies to argue that great leaders throughout history had always used extreme violence to maintain discipline, and through he emphasized that a good officer should never had to be confronted with the threat of mutiny, but if such a threat did emerge, the best thing that could be done was to follow Hitler ’ s example in 1934, and have all the mutineers ’ summarily executed.

In September 1522, the surviving members of Ferdinand Magellan ’ s crew that circumnavigated the globe returned to Spain.

When King Frederick William IV of Prussia heard of this, he sent Prussia ’ s then curator of historic monuments, Ferdinand von Quast, to salvage whatever could be saved.

The husband of a reigning queen is usually not called “ king consort ”, although it was more common in Europe ’ s past for husbands of queens regnant to become reigning kings ( e. g., Philip II of Spain in England, Antoine of Bourbon-Vendôme in Navarre, Ferdinand of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha in Portugal, etc .).

Jeane Kirkpatrick, on a visit to the Philippines, was welcomed by the dictator Ferdinand Marcos who quoted heavily from her 1979 Commentary article Dictatorships and Double Standards and although Kirkpatrick had been forced to speak-out in favor of democracy the article continued to influence Reagan ’ s policy toward Marcos.

Karl Ludwig renounced his succession rights a few days after Rudolf ’ s death, meaning his oldest son, Archduke Franz Ferdinand became heir presumptive.

Torquemada ’ s implacable hostility to the Jews probably exercised an influence on the decision of Ferdinand and Isabella to expel from their dominions all Jews who had not embraced Christianity.

Per Royal Navy Lieutenant William Ferdinand Tyler, stationed on the Dingyuan, Admiral Ding ordered his ships to change course in such a way that would have exposed his ship, the flagship, but put the rest of the squadron in a good position to fire on the Japanese fleet ; however, that Dingyuan ’ s captain out of cowardice deliberately did not acknowledge this order or pass it on to the rest of the fleet.

The whole complex, purchased for the first time at the beginning of March 1856, was called Miramar, after the name of Prince Ferdinand of Saxony ’ s residence in Pena, Portugal.

: German-Australian botanist Ferdinand von Mueller gave the genus the scientific name Macadamia – named after von Mueller ’ s friend Dr. John Macadam, a noted scientist and secretary to the Philosophical Institute of Australia.

After Henry ’ s IV death ( 1474 ), the Castilian crown was disputed between the half sister of the king, Isabella I of Castile, married with Prince Ferdinand II of Aragon, and the king ’ s daughter, Juana de Trastámara, popularly known as la Beltraneja-because her father was alleged to be Beltrán de La Cueva.

Before his death Ferdinand II had already taken some corrective steps by attempting to ease the debts of the Bohemian towns and to put limits on some of the land-holding nobility ’ s commercial rights.

Immediately after the Thirty Years ’ War the Bohemian towns had petitioned Ferdinand to refine its own raw materials into more finished goods for export.

The defeat of the Czech rebels by Ferdinand II ’ s troops at the Battle of White Mountain on 8 November 1620 ( to which Bethlen had sent 3, 000 troops which arrived too late ) gave a new turn to Bethlen ’ s insurrection against the Habsburgs.

Jaray ’ s father Franz Ferdinand Jaray was a chemical engineer and industrial inventor.

">< sub >< big >↓</ big ></ sub > Spanish historian Juan B. González: “(…) In the (…) battle of Toro, which although of uncertain outcome, Ferdinand skilfully was able to exploit for propaganda .” in España Estratégica, guerra y diplomacia en la história de España, Sílex ediciones, Madrid, 2007, p. 222 .</ ref > battle: Prince John of Portugal became master of the battlefield, after defeating the Castilian ’ s right wing and recovering the lost Portuguese Royal standard, but Afonso V was beaten by the left and centre of Ferdinand ’ s army, fleeing from the battlefield.