Another veteran telephone operator was Edith Fleming Blackmer, who had been in the office forty years at the time of her death in 1960.

A Sonata For Violin And Piano, called `` Bella Bella '', by Robert Fleming, was given its first United States performance.

He was born in Logierait, Perthshire, Scotland to Alexander Mackenzie Sr. and Mary Stewart Fleming.

After this initial chemotherapeutic compound proved effective, others pursued similar lines of inquiry, but it was not until in 1928 that Alexander Fleming observed antibiosis against bacteria by a fungus of the genus Penicillium.

Fleming postulated the effect was mediated by an antibacterial compound named penicillin, and that its antibacterial properties could be exploited for chemotherapy.

Sir Alexander Fleming, FRSE, FRS, FRCS ( Eng ) ( 6 August 188111 March 1955 ) was a Scottish biologist, pharmacologist and botanist.

Fleming was born on 6 August 1881 at Lochfield, a farm near Darvel, in Ayrshire, Scotland.

He was the third of the four children of farmer Hugh Fleming ( 1816 – 1888 ) from his second marriage to Grace Stirling Morton ( 1848 – 1928 ), the daughter of a neighbouring farmer.

Fleming served throughout World War I as a captain in the Royal Army Medical Corps, and was Mentioned in Dispatches.

In an article he submitted for the medical journal The Lancet during World War I, Fleming described an ingenious experiment, which he was able to conduct as a result of his own glass blowing skills, in which he explained why antiseptics were killing more soldiers than infection itself during World War I. Antiseptics worked well on the surface, but deep wounds tended to shelter anaerobic bacteria from the antiseptic agent, and antiseptics seemed to remove beneficial agents produced that protected the patients in these cases at least as well as they removed bacteria, and did nothing to remove the bacteria that were out of reach.

" When I woke up just after dawn on September 28, 1928, I certainly didn't plan to revolutionise all medicine by discovering the world's first antibiotic, or bacteria killer ," Fleming would later say, " But I suppose that was exactly what I did.

By 1927, Fleming was investigating the properties of staphylococci.

On returning, Fleming noticed that one culture was contaminated with a fungus, and that the colonies of staphylococci that had immediately surrounded it had been destroyed, whereas other colonies farther away were normal.

Fleming published his discovery in 1929, in the British Journal of Experimental Pathology, but little attention was paid to his article.

Fleming continued his investigations, but found that cultivating penicillium was quite difficult, and that after having grown the mould, it was even more difficult to isolate the antibiotic agent.

Fleming was the first to discover the properties of the active substance, giving him the privilege of naming it: penicillin.

Fleming was the first to push these studies further by isolating the penicillin, and by being motivated enough to promote his discovery at a larger scale.

Fleming also discovered very early that bacteria developed antibiotic resistance whenever too little penicillin was used or when it was used for too short a period.

The Sir Alexander Fleming Building on the South Kensington campus was opened in 1998 and is now one of the main preclinical teaching sites of the Imperial College School of Medicine.

* Fleming was a member of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences.

* Fleming was awarded the Hunterian Professorship by the Royal College of Surgeons of England.

( Fleming was always very modest about his own contribution to the partnership – he once said " the best doubles partnership in the world is McEnroe and anybody.

Due to its modest elevation of and its gradual approaches, the pass was recommended by Sir Sandford Fleming as a route across the Rocky Mountains for the planned Canadian Pacific Railway.

This success triggered Fleming's famous, and modest, quote that " The best doubles pair in the world is John McEnroe and anyone ", though arguably Fleming provided a perfect physical, technical and mental counterpart to McEnroe.

Fleming cautioned about the use of penicillin in his many speeches around the world.

Fleming started school at about the age of ten, attending a private school where he particularly enjoyed geometry.

* The Discovery of Penicillin, A government produced film about the discovery of Penicillin by Sir Alexander Fleming, and the continuing development of its use as an antibiotic by Howard Florey and Ernst Boris Chain.

This piece of apparently routine work proved very fruitful — it led to the discovery that all the stars of very faint absolute magnitude were of spectral class M. In conversation on this subject ( as I recall it ), I asked Pickering about certain other faint stars, not on my list, mentioning in particular 40 Eridani B. Characteristically, he sent a note to the Observatory office and before long the answer came ( I think from Mrs Fleming ) that the spectrum of this star was A. I knew enough about it, even in these paleozoic days, to realize at once that there was an extreme inconsistency between what we would then have called " possible " values of the surface brightness and density.

Fleming's inspiration for the Dr. No character was Sax Rohmer's villain Dr Fu Manchu, the books about who Fleming had read and enjoyed in earlier years.

Taking place during the American Civil War, the story is about a young private of the Union Army, Henry Fleming, who flees from the field of battle.

Fleming also knew of the story of Eugene Karp and his journey on the Orient Express: Karp was a US naval attaché and intelligence agent based in Budapest who, in February 1950, took the Orient Express from Budapest to Paris, carrying a number of papers about blown US spy networks in the Eastern Bloc.

The Hathaways followed the new adventure series Straightaway on ABC, about two young men ( John Ashley and Brian Kelly ) involved in auto racing, but neither program could compete with CBS's Rawhide starring Clint Eastwood and Eric Fleming.

In fact, there was serious discussion among Northern Alabama and East Tennessee counties about forming a proposed state of Nickajack, rather than going along with secession (^ Fleming, Walter L., Civil War and Reconstruction in Alabama.

Fleming makes a sleazy remark to Kirkland about wanting to rape the victim again, which finally pushes Kirkland to the breaking point.

Fleming had reinforced his knowledge of gold by sending a questionnaire to an expert at the Worshipful Company of Goldsmiths, one of the Livery Companies of the City of London with a list of queries about gold, its properties and the background of the industry, including smuggling.

The RTBF raised questions, however, about whether Di Rupo's limited fluency in Dutch would be a stumbling block in seeking that office ; every prime minister since 1979 had been a Fleming.

For example, in the novel Thunderball, Fleming wrote that she " often dreamed hopelessly about Bond.

As well as having Buster Crabb in mind, Fleming would also recall the information about the 10th Light Flotilla, an elite unit of Italian navy frogmen who used wrecked ships in Gibraltar to launch attacks on Allied shipping.

The title Thunderball came from a conversation Fleming had about a US atomic test.

In the summer of 1958 Fleming and his friend, Ivar Bryce, began talking about the possibility of a Bond film ; in the autumn of 1958 Bryce introduced Fleming to a young Irish writer and director, Kevin McClory, and the three of them, together with Fleming and Bryce's friend Ernest Cuneo, formed the partnership Xanadu Productions, named after Bryce's Bahamian home, but which was never actually formed into a company.

Felix Leiter, James Bond's CIA ally and friend, played a part in six of the Fleming novels ; he is introduced in Casino Royale as being thin, tall, about thirty-five years old and a former member of the U. S. Marine Corps who was working with the Joint Intelligence Staff of NATO.

Bond scholar John Griswold notes that in the original draft of the story, Fleming killed Leiter off in the shark attack ; when Naomi Burton, Fleming's US agent with Curtis Brown protested about the death of the character, Fleming relented and Leiter lived, albeit missing an arm and half a leg.

The most recent scholarly work suggests that The Travels of Sir John Mandeville was “ the work of Jan de Langhe, a Fleming who wrote in Latin under the name Johannes Longus and in French as Jean le Long .” Jan de Langhe was born in Ypres early in the 1300s and by 1334 had become a Benedictine monk at the abbey of Saint-Bertin in Saint-Omer which was about 20 miles from Calais.