Fluorescence is the emission of light by a substance that has absorbed light or other electromagnetic radiation.

Fluorescence intensity detection has developed very broadly in the microplate format over the last two decades.

Fluorescence microscopy with fluorescent reporter proteins has enabled analysis of live cells by fluorescence microscopy, however cells are susceptible to phototoxicity, particularly with short wavelength light.

FRET has also been used in tandem with Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy ( FLIM ) or fluorescently conjugated antibodies and flow cytometry to provide a detailed, specific, quantitative results with excellent temporal and spatial resolution.

Like classical T Tauri stars, many brown dwarfs are surrounded by disks of gas and dust which accrete onto the brown dwarf .< ref name = uv > First Ultraviolet Spectrum of a Brown Dwarf: Evidence for H < sub > 2 </ sub > Fluorescence and Accretion, John E. Gizis, Harry L. Shipman, and James A. Harvin, Astrophysical Journal 630, # 1 ( September 2005 ), pp. L89 – L91.

Fluorescence microscopy is central to many techniques which aim to reach past this limit by specialised optical configurations.

* Immunostaining of cells on slides by Microscopy ( ImmunoHistoChemistry or Fluorescence ), on microplates by photometry including the ELISPOT ( and its variant FluoroSpot ) to enumerate B-Cells or antigen-specific cells, in solution by Flow cytometry

Fluorescence spectrocopy is used in, among others, biochemical, medical, and chemical research fields for analyzing organic compounds.

* FLIM ( Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy ) can be used to detect certain bio-molecular interactions that manifest themselves by influencing fluorescence lifetimes.

* FRET Fluorescence resonance energy transfer is used to study protein interactions, detect specific nucleic acid sequences and used as biosensors, while fluorescence lifetime ( FLIM ) can give an additional layer of information.

Fluorescence two-dimensional differential gel electrophoresis ( 2-D DIGE ) can be used to quantify variation in the 2-D DIGE process and establish statistically valid thresholds for assigning quantitative changes between samples .< ref > Tonge, R., Shaw, J., Middleton, B., Rowlinson, R., Rayner, S., Young, J., Pognan, F., Hawkins, E., Currie, I. and Davison, M. ( 2001 ), Validation and development of fluorescence two-dimensional differential gel electrophoresis proteomics technology.

Fluorescence spectroscopy aka fluorometry or spectrofluorometry, is a type of electromagnetic spectroscopy which analyzes fluorescence from a sample.

Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy ( FCS ) is a correlation analysis of fluctuation of the fluorescence intensity.

* Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy

* Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy

* Fluorescence spectroscopy

* Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy

Fluorescence spectroscopy is primarily concerned with electronic and vibrational states.

* Fluorescence spectroscopy

See Fluorescence spectroscopy

* Industrial Analysis-elemental analysis using X-ray Fluorescence ( XRF ) and Optical Emission Spectroscopy ( OES ), XRF coating thickness measurement, X-ray tube manufacture and Space Technology.

Förster ( Fluorescence ) resonance energy transfer ( FRET ), resonance energy transfer ( RET ) or electronic energy transfer ( EET ), is a mechanism describing energy transfer between two chromophores.

* Fluorescence in situ hybridization ( FISH ), a technique used in genetics to detect DNA sequences

Research centers and institutes at UNTSHC include the Cardiovascular Research Institute ( CRI ), the Center for Commercialization of Fluorescence Technologies ( CCFT ), the Focused on Resources for her Health Education and Research ( FOR HER ), the Institute for Aging and Alzheimer's Disease Research ( IAADR ), the Institute for Cancer Research ( ICR ), the Institute of Applied Genetics ( IAG ), the North Texas Eye Research Institute ( NTERI ), the Osteopathic Research Center ( ORC ), the Texas Prevention Institute ( TPI ), the Center For Community Health ( CCH ), the Primary Care Research Center ( PCRC ), and The Texas Center for Health Disparities ( TCHD ).

Fluorescence in the life sciences is used generally as a non-destructive way of tracking or analysis of biological molecules by means of the fluorescent emission at a specific frequency where there is no background from the excitation light, as relatively few cellular components are naturally fluorescent ( called intrinsic or autofluorescence ).

Fluorescence microscopy and confocal microscopy are used to detect fluorescent signals with good intracellular detail.

Fluorescence can be an indication of crude oil staining, or of the presence of fluorescent minerals.

Fluorescence can also be used to redirect photons, see fluorescent solar collector.

Fluorescence microscopy can be used to find out where the fluorescent probe is bound to the chromosomes.

Fluorescence was mainly observed from small organic dyes attached to antibodies to the protein of interest.

Fluorescence microscopy is a powerful technique to show specifically labeled structures within a complex environment and to provide three-dimensional information of biological structures.

Fluorescence is most effective when there is a larger ratio of atoms at lower energy levels in a Boltzmann distribution.

In the past the assay was conducted by using the touchstone method but currently ( most often ) it is done using X-ray Fluorescence ( XRF ).

One of the most useful techniques to study kinase action is Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer ( FRET ).

Fluorescence microscopy requires intense, near-monochromatic, illumination which some widespread light sources, like halogen lamps cannot provide.

This includes the Optical Microscope, Transmission Electron Microscope, Scanning Electron Microscope, Fluorescence Microscope, and by Confocal Microscopy.

Fluorescence quantum yields are measured by comparison to a standard.

Fluorescence in minerals is caused by a wide range of activators.

Fluorescence in several wavelengths can be detected by an array detector, to detect compounds from HPLC flow.

Usually the setup of a Fluorescence assay involves a Light source, which may emit an array different wavelengths of light.

* FSU. edu, Basic Concepts in Fluorescence

* WITec SNOM System-NSOM / SNOM and Hybrid Microscopy techniques in combination with AFM, RAMAN, Confocal, Dark-field, DIC & Fluorescence Microscopy techniques.

* Interactive Fluorescence Dye and Filter Database Carl Zeiss Interactive Fluorescence Dye and Filter Database.

Fluorescence occurs as a result of sclerotization and increases in intensity with each successive instar.

Fluorescence and Auger electron yields as a function of atomic number for K shell vacancies.

* Fluorescence, also called luminescence or photoluminescence.

Top: Both X-chromosome territories are detected by Fluorescence in situ hybridization | FISH.

Fluorescence of certain rocks and other substances had been observed for hundreds of years before its nature was understood.

Fluorescence occurred, but the tubes were very inefficient and had a short operating life.