For alternating currents, especially at higher frequencies, skin effect causes the current to spread unevenly across the conductor cross-section, with higher density near the surface, thus increasing the apparent resistance.

For an alternating current arc welder the welding electrode would not be considered an anode or cathode.

For electrical systems which use alternating current the electrodes are the connections from the circuitry to the object to be acted upon by the electric current but are not designated anode or cathode since the direction of flow of the electrons changes periodically, usually many times per second.

: For both of these processes, the energy loss per cycle of alternating current is constant, so core losses increase linearly with frequency.

For a long time, the goal was 3 meetings a year, with 2 in North America and 1 in either Europe or Asia ( alternating between them every other year ).

For instance, the flow around a circular cylinder generates a Kármán vortex street: vortices being shed in an alternating fashion from each side of the cylinder.

For effective degaussing, it is necessary that the magnitude of the alternating magnetic field produced by the degaussing coil decreases smoothly and continuously, rather than sharply switching off or decreasing in steps ; the PTC thermistor accomplishes this naturally as it heats up.

For applications requiring direct current, such as third rail power systems, alternating current is distributed to a substation, which utilizes a rectifier to convert the power to direct current.

In 1911, Westinghouse received the AIEE's Edison Medal " For meritorious achievement in connection with the development of the alternating current system.

For example, prior to storing hydrogen peroxide in an aluminium container, the container can be passivated by rinsing it with a dilute solution of nitric acid and peroxide alternating with deionized water.

For years, she kept alternating her appearances in film with continued performances in vaudeville and when age put an end to the glamour roles, she readily took jobs in television.

For most of its run, The Huntley-Brinkley Report aired only Monday through Friday, but in January 1969, the network expanded it to Saturday evenings, with Huntley and Brinkley working solo on alternating weeks.

For example, furan ( see picture ) is a five-membered ring with two alternating double bonds and an oxygen in position 1.

For alternating current, most ( 63 %) of the electrical current flows between the surface and the skin depth, δ, which depends on the frequency of the current and the electrical and magnetic properties of the conductor.

For the next twenty years, the history of Ulster consists for the most part of alternating conflict and alliance between MacDonnells and O ' Neills, and attempts on the part of the English government to subdue them both.

For example, the oysters in the Apalachicola Bay, Florida, depend on the brackish water mixture of river and ocean water, and the alternating freshwater and saltwater flows that the river and the tides provide.

* For the last 10 seconds of each minute ( seconds 50 to 59 ), the once-per-second tones are again cut to 10 milliseconds each, while CHU transmits a brief voice station identification, followed by voice announcements of the next minute in UTC, alternating between French and English.

For the entrance of the Time & Life Building lobby, he created Two Portals ( 1961 ), a 42-by-14-foot mural of alternating glass bands in white and brown that recede into two bronze centers to create an illusion of depth.

For example, in the case of the symmetric group and alternating group, Schur proved that there is exactly one non-trivial class of Schur multiplier and completely determined all the corresponding irreducible representations.

For example, if G is the infinite cyclic group < x >, and H is the infinite cyclic group < y >, then every element of G ∗ H is an alternating product of powers of x with powers of y.

" He was awarded the IRE Medal of Honor ( 1932 ), now IEEE Medal of Honor, " For his studies of radio propagation phenomena and his contributions to the theory and measurement methods in the alternating current circuit field which now have extensive radio application.

Another example: P being as above, a resolvent R for a group G is a polynomial whose coefficients are polynomials in the coefficients of p, which provides some information on the Galois group of P. More precisely, if R is separable and has a rational root then the Galois group of P is contained in G. For example, if D is the discriminant of P then is a resolvent for the alternating group.

For example, according to this definition, the Chaines turns is an alternating chain of inside of outside turns, although the direction of the rotation is the same.

* For clocks, the gridiron pendulum is developed by John Harrison, as a pendulum that compensates for temperature errors: a grid of alternating brass and steel rods is arranged so that the heat is dissipated.

For a time following the abandonment of the local plant, electric current for Manchester was brought in from the south with an emergency tie-in with the Vermont Marble Company system to the north.

For example, in sound recording, fluctuations in air pressure ( that is to say, sound ) strike the diaphragm of a microphone which induces corresponding fluctuations in the current produced by a coil in an electromagnetic microphone, or the voltage produced by a condensor microphone.

For recent events the Chronicle, like his Ecclesiastical History, relied upon Gildas, upon a version of the Liber pontificalis current at least to the papacy of Pope Sergius I ( 687 – 701 ), and other sources.

For a list of current trustees, see here.

For example, the year in Japan is based on the reign of the current emperor: 2006 was Year 18 of the Emperor Akihito.

For a recent review, see The authors admits that their model " does not solve the entropy and flatness problems of standard cosmology ..... and we can provide no explanation for why the current universe is so close to being spatially flat.

For example, at over 1. 9 years, over a billion times longer than the current estimated age of the universe, bismuth-209 ( atomic number 83 ) has the longest known alpha decay half-life of any naturally occurring element.

For example, at over 1. 9 years, over a billion times longer than the current estimated age of the universe, bismuth-209 ( atomic number 83 ) has the longest known alpha decay half-life of any naturally occurring element.

For a steady flow of charge through a surface, the current I ( in amperes ) can be calculated with the following equation:

For a net current to flow, more states for one direction than for the other direction must be occupied.

For example, in a copper wire of cross-section 0. 5 mm < sup > 2 </ sup >, carrying a current of 5 A, the drift velocity of the electrons is on the order of a millimetre per second.

For example, the CCTV New Year's Gala usually promotes couplets reflecting current political themes in mainland China.

For their first two seasons, the Bengals played at Nippert Stadium which is the current home of the University of Cincinnati Bearcats.

For example, reversing the current direction in a Daniell galvanic cell would produce an electrolytic cell, where the copper electrode is the positive terminal and the anode.

For example, sales representatives need to know about current issues and relevant marketing promotions before attempting to cross-sell to a specific client.

For example, current scholars of China tend to question the question, and look heavily at the assumptions within a question before attempting to answer it.

For these reasons, the term-algebra is rarely used in current terminology, and has been replaced by the term ' algebra '.

For example, in the 19th century, the Sun appeared to be no more than 20 million years old, but the Earth appeared to be no less than 300 million years ( resolved by the discovery of nuclear fusion and radioactivity, and the theory of quantum mechanics ); or current attempts to resolve theoretical differences between quantum mechanics and general relativity.

; Time-variant: For An operational system, the stored data contains the current value.

For the current loop, the magnetic dipole moment points through the loop ( according to the right hand grip rule ), with a magnitude equal to the current in the loop times the area of the loop.

For example, a transconductance amplifier has a gain with units of conductance ( output current per input voltage ).

For current cryptographic purposes, an elliptic curve is a plane curve which consists of the points satisfying the equation

For a direct current system the weld rod or stick may be a cathode for a filling type weld or an anode for other welding processes.