For them the stress can be imagined to transform the material from a non-polar crystal class ( P

For air ( small non-polar molecules ) at approximately the same conditions, the compressibility factor is only ( see table below for 10 bars, 400 K ).

For polar crystals, for which P ≠ 0 holds without applying a mechanical load, the piezoelectric effect manifests itself by changing the magnitude or the direction of P or both.

For this method, the AFM tip is extended towards and retracted from the surface as the deflection of the cantilever is monitored as a function of piezoelectric displacement.

For example, with a hard and rigid rotor-spindle coated with a thin layer of a softer material ( like a polyurethane rubber ), a series of angled piezoelectric transducers can be arranged.

For example, when liquid water starts freezing, the phase change begins with small ice crystals that grow until they fuse, forming a polycrystalline structure.

For example, selenite crystals in excess of 10 meters are found in the Cave of the Crystals in Naica, Mexico.

For historical reasons, many point defects, especially in ionic crystals, are called centers: for example a vacancy in many ionic solids is called a luminescence center, a color center, or F-center.

For example, air hoar is a deposit of hoar frost on objects above the surface, such as tree branches, plant stems, wires ; surface hoar is formed by fernlike ice crystals directly deposited on snow, ice or already frozen surfaces ; crevasse hoar consists of crystals that form in glacial crevasses where water vapour can accumulate under calm weather conditions ; depth hoar refers to cup shaped, faceted crystals formed within dry snow, beneath the surface.

For basis vector in the context of crystals, see crystal structure.

For example, lead zirconate titanate crystals will generate measurable piezoelectricity when their static structure is deformed by about 0. 1 % of the original dimension.

For single crystals of sufficient purity and regularity, X-ray diffraction data can determine the mean chemical bond lengths and angles to within a few thousandths of an angstrom and to within a few tenths of a degree, respectively.

For these crystals the series resistance is specified (< 100 Ω ) instead of the parallel capacitance.

For crystals operated at series resonance or pulled away from the main mode by the inclusion of a series inductor or capacitor, significant ( and temperature-dependent ) spurious responses may be experienced.

For long distance fibre communication, typically at 1310 nm or 1550 nm, yttrium iron garnet crystals are used ( YIG ).

For example, this is the case with macroscopic crystals of calcite, which present the viewer with two offset, orthogonally polarized images of whatever is viewed through them.

For instance, the small calcite crystals in the sedimentary rock limestone and chalk change into larger crystals in the metamorphic rock marble, or in metamorphosed sandstone, recrystallization of the original quartz sand grains results in very compact quartzite, also known as metaquartzite, in which the often larger quartz crystals are interlocked.

For the special case of simple cubic crystals, the lattice vectors are orthogonal and of equal length ( usually denoted a ); similarly for the reciprocal lattice.

For cubic crystals with lattice constant a, the spacing d between adjacent ( ℓmn ) lattice planes is ( from above ):

: For the Cannabis-related crystals, see Kief.

For example, nanosized beta carbon nitride crystals and nanorods of this material were prepared by means of an approach involving mechanochemical processing.

For instance, PS presence on the extracellular membrane face of erythrocytes is a marker of cell apoptosis, whereas PS in growth plate vesicles is necessary for the nucleation of hydroxyapatite crystals and subsequent bone mineralization.

For example, ash collected from Hawaiian lava fountains consists of sideromelane ( light brown basaltic glass ) pyroclasts which contain rare microlites ( small quench crystals ) and phenocrysts.

For seasoning and decoration various glazes, salt crystals, sugar and various seeds or nuts can be used.

`` For Christ's sake, don't waste your powder on one of 'em ''!!

For although I had crossed a corner of the hall on my way to the toilet I still could not tell for sure how far to the rear the darkness extended.

For less than a dozen miles from the unplowed land of the dead man lived another settler who had ignored the warnings that his existence might be foreclosed on -- a blatant and defiant rustler named Fred Powell.

For a brief period each year, the rays of the sun are warm enough to melt some of the snows piled a mile deep at the base of the headwalls, and then the pinnacles glisten in the daytime at high noon, and billions of gallons of water begin their slow seepage under the glaciers and across the rockstrewn hanging valleys on their long, meandering journey to the sea -- running east past the sky-carving massifs of Gurla Mandhata and Kemchenjunga, then turning south and curling down through the jungles of Assam, past the Khasi Hills, and into Bengal, past Sirinjani and Madaripur, until the hard water of the melting snows mingles with the soft drainage of fields and at length fans out to meld with the teeming salt depths of the Bay of Bengal.

For last-ditch emergencies SAC has alternate command posts on KC-135 jet tankers.

For these centers, too, are on the gold circuit.

For the beatnik, like the hipster, is in opposition to a society that is based on the repression of the sex instinct.

For over a hundred years Southerners have felt that the North was picking on them.

For example, suppose a man wearing a $200 watch, driving a 1959 Rolls Royce, stops to ask a man on the sidewalk, `` What time is it ''??

For the occasion on which everyone already knows everyone else and the host wishes them to meet one or a few honored newcomers, then the `` open house '' system is advantageous because the honored guests are fixed connective points and the drifting guests make and break connections at the door.

For example, there are persons who are in physical science, in the field of mineralogy, trained in crystallography, who use only X-rays, applying only the powder technique of X-ray diffraction, to clay minerals only, and who have spent the last fifteen years concentrating on the montmorillonites ; ;

The second specific comment was the report of Eisenhower's Commission on National Goals, titled Goals For Americans.

For them only a little more needed to be learned, and then all physical knowledge could be neatly sorted, packaged and put in the inventory to be drawn on for the solution of any human problem.

For the figure of Vincent Berger Malraux has obviously drawn on his studies of T. E. Lawrence ( though Berger fights on the side of the Turks instead of against them ), and like both Lawrence and Malraux himself he is a fervent admirer of Nietzsche.

For every person on Taiwan, there are sixty in Mainland China.

Small Business Administration, What It Is, What It Does, SBA Services For Community Economic Development, and various other useful publications on currently important management, technical production, and marketing topics are available, on request, from Small Business Administration, Washington 25, D.C..

For many years a state tax on cities and towns was paid by the several municipalities to the state from the proceeds of the general property tax.

and overhead projector transparency sets on the subjects of Military Sanitation: First Aid For Soldiers ; ;

In May 1960, the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology began a series of articles on the `` Medical Museum '', and in June, the Institute started contributing a regular monthly `` Case For Diagnosis ''.

For each State ( except Puerto Rico, Guam, the Virgin Islands, and, prior to 1962, Alaska and Hawaii ) determine average per capita income based on the last three years.

For readjustment to the U.S., volunteers should be given some separation allowance at the end of their overseas service, based on the length of time served.

For the making of selections on the basis of excellence requires that any foundation making the selections shall have available the judgments of a corps of advisors whose judgments are known to be good: such judgments can be known to be good only by the records of those selected, by records made subsequent to their selection over considerable periods of time.

For change is dependent on the possibilities that individual men glimpse for the future.