In Western culture, a concept similar to that of prana can be traced back as far as the 18th century's Franz Anton Mesmer, who used " animal magnetism " to cure disease.

Franz Anton Mesmer ( May 23, 1734 – March 5, 1815 ) sometimes incorrectly referred to as Friedrich Anton Mesmer, was a German physician with an interest in astronomy, who theorised that there was a natural energetic transference that occurred between all animated and inanimate objects that he called magnétisme animal ( animal magnetism ) and other spiritual forces often grouped together as mesmerism.

Braid based his practice on that developed by Franz Mesmer and his followers (" Mesmerism " or " animal magnetism "), but differed in his theory as to how the procedure worked.

" The word mesmerize originates from the name of Franz Mesmer, and was intentionally used to separate its users from the various " fluid " and " magnetic " theories embedded within the label " magnetism ".

* Franz Mesmer

Franz Anton Mesmer held that trance and healing were the result of the channelling of a mysterious " occult " force called " animal magnetism ".

* 1734 – Franz Anton Mesmer, Austrian physician and hypnotist ( d. 1815 )

The origins of the movement can be found in Medieval astrology and alchemy, such as the writings of Paracelsus, in Renaissance interests in Hermeticism, in 18th century mysticism, such as that of Emanuel Swedenborg, and in beliefs in animal magnetism espoused by Franz Mesmer.

The second person was Franz Mesmer ( 1734 – 1815 ), who had developed a form of healing using magnets, believing that there was a force known as " animal magnetism " that affected humans.

She had become a follower of the Austrian mystic Franz Mesmer and the new spiritualist movement.

* March 5 – Franz Mesmer, German developer of animal magnetism ( b. 1734 )

* May 23 – Franz Mesmer, Austrian physician ( d. 1815 )

Hypnosis, which was pioneered in the late 18th century by Franz Mesmer and Armand-Marie Jacques de Chastenet, Marques de Puységur, challenged Locke's association of ideas.

This universal trait is a reflection of Balzac's own social wrangling, that of his family, and an interest in the Austrian mystic and physician Franz Mesmer, who pioneered the study of animal magnetism.

Some of the University's better-known students include: Christian Doppler, Kurt Adler, Franz Alt, Bruno Bettelheim, Rudolf Bing, Lucian Blaga, Josef Breuer, F. F. Bruce, Elias Canetti, Ivan Cankar, Otto Maria Carpeaux, Felix Ehrenhaft, Mihai Eminescu, Paul Feyerabend, Heinz Fischer, O. W. Fischer, Ivan Franko, Sigmund Freud, Alcide De Gasperi, Ernst Gombrich, Kurt Gödel, Erich Göstl, Franz Grillparzer, Jörg Haider, Edmund Husserl, Hugo von Hofmannsthal, Marie Jahoda, Elfriede Jelinek, Percy Lavon Julian, Karl Kautsky, Elisabeth Kehrer, Hans Kelsen, Rudolf Kirchschläger, Arthur Koestler, Jernej Kopitar, Karl Kordesch, Karl Kraus, Bruno Kreisky, Richard Kuhn, Paul Lazarsfeld, Gustav Mahler, Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk, Lise Meitner, Gregor Mendel, Franz Mesmer, Franc Miklošič, Alois Mock, Matija Murko, Pope Pius III, Maxim Podoprigora, Hans Popper, Karl Popper, Otto Preminger, Wilhelm Reich, Peter Safar, Mordkhe Schaechter, Arthur Schnitzler, Albin Schram, Wolfgang Schüssel, Joseph Schumpeter, Theodor Herzl, John J. Shea, Jr., Adalbert Stifter, Yemima Tchernovitz-Avidar, Kurt Waldheim, Otto Weininger, Stefan Zweig, and Huldrych Zwingli.

* Franz Mesmer

* Mental Healers: Franz Mesmer, Mary Baker Eddy, Sigmund Freud, 1932 ( Original title: Die Heilung durch den Geist.

A popular vitalist theory of the 18th century was " animal magnetism ", in the theories of Franz Anton Mesmer ( 1734 – 1815 ).

* Animal magnetism of Franz Anton Mesmer

In this environment, the writings of Emanuel Swedenborg ( 1688 – 1772 ) and the teachings of Franz Mesmer ( 1734 – 1815 ) provided an example for those seeking direct personal knowledge of the afterlife.

Image: Franz Anton Mesmer. jpg | Franz Mesmer.

* December 31 – Franz Ignaz Beck, composer ( born 1734 )

On the other side, R. Dorer pointed out, in 1948, that Franz Anton Ketterer ( 1734 – 1806 ) could not have been the inventor of the cuckoo clock in 1730 because he hadn't then been born.

* Franz Mesmer, ( 1734 – 1815 ), the German physician and discoverer of animal magnetism, at 16, Place Vendôme

* Franz Albrecht I ( 1685 – 1734 )

* Franz Albrecht I ( 1734 – 1737 )

* Emperor Franz Joseph ( 1848 – 1916 ) http :// www. youtube. com / watch? v = jecUwMPk8pE & feature = related

* 1870 – Franz Lehár, Austrian composer ( d. 1948 )

* 1682 – Franz Egon of Fürstenberg, Bavarian Catholic archbishop ( b. 1625 )

* 1930 – Cosima Wagner, Hungarian daughter of Franz Liszt and widow of Richard Wagner ( b. 1837 )

* 1905 – Franz König, Austrian cardinal ( d. 2004 )

* 1980 – Robert Hardy, English bass player ( Franz Ferdinand )

* 1644 – Heinrich Ignaz Franz Biber, Bohemian composer ( d. 1704 )

* 1758 – Franz Teyber, Austrian organist and composer ( d. 1810 )

* 1873 – Austrian explorers Julius von Payer and Karl Weyprecht discover the archipelago of Franz Joseph Land in the Arctic Sea.

* 1819 – Franz von Suppé, Austrian composer ( d. 1895 )

* 1802 – Franz Aepinus, German philosopher ( b. 1724 )

Another neurologist, Franz Nissl ( 1860 – 1919 ), began to work in the same asylum with Alzheimer, and they knew each other.

* 1767 – Franz Sparry, Austrian composer ( b. 1715 )

Anthony ( Dresden, 27 December 1755 – Dresden, 6 June 1836 ), also known by his German name Anton ( full name: Anton Clemens Theodor Maria Joseph Johann Evangelista Johann Nepomuk Franz Xavier Aloys Januar ), was a King of Saxony ( 1827 – 1836 ) from the House of Wettin.

Charlton controlled the midfield and suppressed Franz Beckenbauer's runs from deep as England coasted to a 2 – 0 lead.

Drude's model described properties of metals in terms of a gas of free electrons, and was the first microscopic model to explain empirical observations such as the Wiedemann – Franz law.

This classical model was then improved by Arnold Sommerfeld who incorporated the Fermi-Dirac statistics of electrons and was able to explain the anomalous behavior of the specific heat of metals in the Wiedemann – Franz law.

Franz Josef Strauss ( 1915 – 1988 ) had left behind the strongest legacy as a leader of the party, having led the party from 1961 until his death in 1988.

** Susan McClary's constructions of subjectivity in Franz Schubert's music –

* 1756 – Archduke Maximilian Franz of Austria ( d. 1801 )

* 1914 – World War I: German battleships under Franz von Hipper bombard the English ports of Hartlepool and Scarborough.

While at Königsberg they had their one child, Franz Hilbert ( 1893 – 1969 ).

* 1964 – Victor Franz Hess, Austrian-born American physicist, Nobel laureate ( b. 1883 )

* 1848 – Franz Josef I becomes Emperor of Austria.