The editors of the influential 18th century French encyclopedia Encyclopedie were ideologically opposed to biographies because they believed too much ink had already been spilled on hagiographies of church fathers and deeds of kings, and not enough about the average person or life in general.

* During World War II, the French Resistance sent some messages written on the backs of couriers using invisible ink.

* May 25, 1827 – Romanian inventor Petrache Poenaru receives a French patent for the invention of the first fountain pen with a replaceable ink cartridge.

* May 25 – Romanian inventor Petrache Poenaru receives a French patent for the invention of the first fountain pen with a replaceable ink cartridge.

She also designed the French poster for the film which features an ink drawing of the eponymous lovers locked in embrace.

The Romanian inventor Petrache Poenaru received a French patent for the invention of the first fountain pen with a replaceable ink cartridge on May 25, 1827.

He also supports economic patriotism, as he smokes Gauloises cigarettes, he drinks red wine, he eats French cheese and refuses to be painted using China ink.

Some of the tools of manual drafting include pencils, pens and their ink, straightedges, T-squares, French curves, triangles, rulers, scales, erasers, and tacks or push pins.

The reactionary French Patriots interrupted the screening by throwing ink at the cinema screen and assaulting viewers who opposed them ; they then went to the lobby and destroyed art works by Dalí, Joan Miró, Man Ray, Yves Tanguy, and others.

In 1985, after several years of red ink and declining market share, UTC sold Mostek for $ 71M to the French electronics firm Thomson SA, later part of STMicroelectronics.

Micro-topography of an ordinary French post stamp ( detail ) showing the thickness of ink obtained by intaglio.

Goya's involvement with the court of the " Intruder king ", Joseph I, the brother of Napoleon Bonaparte, is not known ; he did paint works for French patrons and sympathisers, but kept neutral during the fighting.

The band appeared on French television with Salvador Dalí, who splashed black paint on them during a performance of their second single " Rainbow Chaser.

Morse was honored to paint the Marquis de Lafayette, the leading French supporter of the American Revolution.

Its usage as a pigment in oil paint ended in the early 19th century when a chemically identical synthetic variety, often called French ultramarine, became available.

A few important commissions came to him ; the French governor of Rome asked him to paint Virgil reading the Aeneid ( 1812 ) for his residence, and to paint two colossal works — Romulus's victory over Acron ( 1812 ) and The Dream of Ossian ( 1813 )— for Monte Cavallo, a former Papal residence undergoing renovation to become Napoleon's Roman palace.

That same year he was commissioned by the French court to paint Adam Cycle.

He was fascinated with the American urban scene, “ our native architecture with its hideous beauty, its fantastic roofs, pseudo-gothic, French Mansard, Colonial, mongrel or what not, with eye-searing color or delicate harmonies of faded paint, shouldering one another along interminable streets that taper off into swamps or dump heaps .”

The Indian allies were initially reluctant to attack such a large British force, but the French commander Daniel Liénard de Beaujeu, who dressed himself in full war regalia complete with war paint, convinced them to follow his lead.

Vernet quickly developed a disdain for the high-minded seriousness of academic French art influenced by Classicism, and decided to paint subjects taken mostly from contemporary culture.

He continued to paint representations of the heroic French army during the Second Empire and maintained his commitment to representing war in an accessible and realistic way.

The city's Latin motto was A posse ad esse ( From a Possibility to an Actuality ) featured on its coat of arms designed in 1900 by town officials, " On one side of the shield stands an Indian dressed in the paint and feathers of the early days ; on the other side is a French voyageur ; the center contains an elevator, a steamship and a locomotive, while the beaver surmounts the whole.

At the time of the debates surrounding the adoption of the Charter of the French Language (" Bill 101 ") in 1977, the usage of " stop " on the older dual-word signs was considered to be English and therefore controversial ; some signs were occasionally vandalized with red spray paint to turn the word into " 101 ".

The Gordini was able to reach and was sold with paint schemes comprising a solid pastel colour ( there were several to choose from ) with double white stripes added on, the most famous combination being French Blue with stripes.

The leader among the circle of 19th-century French painters known as the Impressionists, Monet made it his life's mission to capture the essence of nature and light with nothing more than paint and canvas.

Shortly after the end of the Crimean War in September 1855, Yvon was commissioned by the French government to paint a large picture of the capture of the Malakoff at Sevastopol.

* In Trafalgar Square, people sit down to have Joly, dressed as a French artist, paint their portrait.

Guérin was commissioned to paint for the Madeleine a scene from the history of St Louis, but his health prevented him from accomplishing what he had begun, and in 1822 he accepted the post of director of the French Academy in Rome, which in 1816 he had refused.

Eugène Boudin ( 12 July 1824 – 8 August 1898 ) was one of the first French landscape painters to paint outdoors.

Dutch 17th century masters profoundly influenced him, and on meeting the Dutch painter Johan Jongkind, who already made his mark in French artistic circles, Boudin was advised by his new friend to paint outdoors ( en plein air ).

Having been employed by Charles Errard to paint some of the pictures required for the Louvre, and having afterwards gained considerable fame by other pictures produced at the command of the king, in 1672 he was appointed director of the French Academy at Rome.

" He played with The Plague a few times, coming straight from playing French horn in the Symphonia of Auckland, ( now the Auckland Philharmonia Orchestra ), dressed in a ' penguin suit ' and to stand on stage while people wearing only a coat of paint ( assorted colours ) would jump around him.

The French began to paint the war only after the war was ended in 1945.

Spencer commissioned the French artist Andieu de Clermont to paint these captivating and unique scenes of monkeys doing rather humanlike activities – shooting, fishing, smoking – and it is known they were completed before 1738.

" Heeding this advice the French commander began to transfer battalions from his centre to reinforce the left, drawing more foot from the already weakened right to replace them.

Renaud Garcia-Fons ( born 1962 ) is a French double-bass player and composer, notable for drawing on jazz, folk, and Asian music for recordings of his pieces like Oriental Bass ( 1997 ).

While living at the Cecil House, Edward's daily studies consisted of dancing instruction, French, Latin, cosmography, writing exercises, drawing, and common prayers.

While abroad she learned German and French and had her first lessons in drawing and music.

Mary's education, from private tutors, was largely restricted to music, dance, drawing, French, and religious instruction.

19th century France | French drawing of a Middle Ages | medieval belfry.

There are instruments for drawing circles, arcs, other curves and symbols too ( compass, French curve, stencil, etc .).

Not a single French soldier remained in Germany, and Prince Charles prepared to force the passage of the great river in the Breisgau while the King of Britain moved forward via Mainz to co-operate by drawing upon himself the attention of both the French marshals.

The king followed his example, drawing in his troops to the northward, to deal, if necessary, with the army which the French were collecting on the frontier of the Southern Netherlands.

Primary among these are the compasses, used for drawing simple arcs and circles, and the French curve, typically a piece of plastic with complex curves on it.

Edgar Degas ( or ; ; born Hilaire-Germain-Edgar De Gas, 19 July 1834 – 27 September 1917 ), was a French artist famous for his work in painting, sculpture, printmaking and drawing.

* The New Anticapitalist Party is founded in an attempt to unify the fractured movements of the French radical Left, and attract new activists drawing on the relative combined strength of far-left parties in presidential elections in 2002, where they achieved 10. 44 % of the vote, and 2007 ( 7. 07 %).

Gaspard Monge, Comte de Péluse ( 9 May 1746 – 28 July 1818 ) was a French mathematician and the inventor of descriptive geometry, the mathematical basis on which technical drawing is based.

In early 2006 the French Lick Resort Casino, the state's tenth casino in the modern legalized era, opened, drawing national attention to the small town.

Cumberland ignored the threat of the woods when drawing up his battle plans, and instead concentrated on seizing the town of Fontenoy and attacking the main French army nearby.

Students assembled in sessions drawing the draped and undraped human form, and such drawings, which survive in the tens of thousands from the 17th through the 19th century, are termed académies in French.

Latrobe was one of the first formally-trained, professional architects in the United States, drawing influences from his travels in Italy, as well as British and French Neoclassical architects such as Claude Nicolas Ledoux.

Following his release from prison, Verlaine again traveled to England, where he worked for some years as a teacher, teaching French, Latin and Greek and drawing at a grammar school in Stickney in Lincolnshire.

The Dutch, numbering 12, 000, were in a strong position around Langedijk, somewhat in advance of the French, who, by drawing in all detachments, had raised their field strength to 10, 000 men, who were positioned in Alkmaar, Bergen, Schoorl, and Egmond aan Zee.

Following his instructions, the French division commander fought a rear guard action, drawing the Spanish troops toward Oms.

While MacDonald's attack was drawing the attention of the Austrians, the French launched their general attack.

Joseph Chénier's play Charles IX was a huge success during the French Revolution, drawing strongly anti-monarchical and anti-religious lessons from the massacre.

The French use of the term, clair-obscur, was introduced by the seventeenth century art-critic Roger de Piles in the course of a famous argument ( Débat sur le coloris ) on the relative merits of drawing and colour in painting ( his Dialogues sur le coloris, 1673 was a key contribution to the Débat ).