O ' Leary was referring to the Lavender Menace, a description by second wave feminist Betty Friedan for attempts by members of the National Organization for Women ( NOW ) to distance themselves from the perception of NOW as a haven for lesbians.

Gregory was an outspoken feminist, and in 1978 he joined Gloria Steinem, Betty Friedan, Bella Abzug, Margaret Heckler, Barbara Mikulski, and original suffragists to lead the National ERA March for Ratification and Extension, a march down Pennsylvania Avenue to the United States Capitol of over 100, 000 on Women's Equality Day ( August 26 ), 1978 to demonstrate for a ratification deadline extension for the proposed Equal Rights Amendment to the United States Constitution, and for the ratification of the ERA.

Betty Friedan ( February 4, 1921 – February 4, 2006 ) was an American writer, activist, and feminist.

In 1966, Friedan founded and was elected the first president of the National Organization for Women, which aimed to bring women " into the mainstream of American society now fully equal partnership with men ".

The national strike was successful beyond expectations in broadening the feminist movement ; the march led by Friedan in New York City alone attracted over 50, 000 women and men.

Friedan was also a strong supporter of the proposed Equal Rights Amendment to the United States Constitution that passed the United States House of Representatives ( by a vote of 354-24 ) and Senate ( 84-8 ) following intense pressure by women's groups led by NOW in the early 1970s.

Friedan founded the National Association for the Repeal of Abortion Laws but was later critical of the abortion-centered, politicized tactics of many liberal and radical feminists.

As early as the 1960s Friedan was critical of polarized and extreme factions of feminism that attacked groups such as men and homemakers.

As a young girl, Friedan was active in Marxist and Jewish circles ; she later wrote how she felt isolated from the community at times, and felt her " passion against injustice ... originated from my feelings of the injustice of anti-Semitism ".

Friedan was dismissed from the union newspaper UE News in 1952, because she was pregnant with her second child.

Allan Wolf, in The Mystique of Betty Friedan writes: “ She helped to change not only the thinking but the lives of many American women, but recent books throw into question the intellectual and personal sources of her work .” Although there have been some debates on Friedan ’ s work in The Feminine Mystique since its publication, there is no doubt that her work for equality for women was sincere and committed.

Justine Blau was also greatly influenced by Friedan.

The New York Times obituary for Friedan noted that she was " famously abrasive " and that she could be " thin-skinned and imperious, subject to screaming fits of temperament.

Carl Friedan denied abusing her in an interview with Time magazine shortly after the book was published, describing the claim as a " complete fabrication ".

Along with Friedan, Gloria Steinem was an important feminist leader, co-founding the NWPC, the Women's Action Alliance, and editing the movement's magazine, Ms.

Cornering a large table at the conference luncheon, so that they could start organizing before they had to rush for planes, each of those women chipped in five dollars, Betty Friedan wrote the acronym NOW on a napkin, and the National Organization for Women was created.

At its first conference in October 1966, Friedan was elected NOW's first president, and her fame as the author of the bestselling book The Feminine Mystique helped attract thousands of women to the organization.

Friedan was referencing a " movement " as early as 1964.

After completing his Ph. D., Douglas was a postdoc at the University of Chicago for one year, then moved to Rutgers University in 1989 with Dan Friedan and Steve Shenker to help start the New High Energy Theory Center ( NHETC ).

In 1957, Friedan was asked to conduct a survey of her former Smith College classmates for their 15th anniversary reunion ; the results, in which she found that many of them were unhappy with their lives as housewives, prompted her to begin research for The Feminine Mystique, conducting interviews with other suburban housewives, as well as researching psychology, media, and advertising.

Chapter 1: Friedan points out that the average age of marriage was dropping and the birthrate was increasing for women throughout the 1950s, yet the widespread unhappiness of women persisted, although American culture insisted that fulfillment for women could be found in marriage and housewifery ; this chapter concludes by declaring " We can no longer ignore that voice within women that says: ' I want something more than my husband and my children and my home.

Although the expression " on the left " covers a range of politics, many well-known figures " on the left " have been of Jews, for instance, Karl Marx, Moses Hess, Herbert Marcuse, Murray Bookchin, Saul Alinsky, Tristan Tzara, Leon Trotsky, Leon Blum, Judith Butler, Noam Chomsky, Eric Hobsbawm, Harold Laski, Betty Friedan, Abbie Hoffman, or Howard Zinn, who were born into Jewish families and have various degrees of connection to Jewish communities, Jewish culture, Jewish tradition or the Jewish religion in its many variants.

In this position, Ephron made a name for herself by taking on subjects as wide-ranging as Dorothy Schiff, her former boss and owner of the Post ; Betty Friedan, whom she chastised for pursuing a feud with Gloria Steinem ; and her alma mater Wellesley, which she said had turned out a generation of " docile " women.

In 1970, after stepping down as NOW's first president, Friedan organized the nation-wide Women's Strike for Equality on August 26, the 50th anniversary of the Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution granting women the right to vote.

Horowitz explored Friedan ’ s engagement with the women's movement before she began to work on her book, The Feminine Mystique and argues that Friedan ’ s feminism did not start in the 1950s but rather before that in the 1940s.

Focusing his study on Friedan ’ s ideas in feminism rather than on her personal life Horowitz ’ s book connects Friedan to the history of American feminism.

Sandra Henry and Emily Taitz ( Betty Friedan, Fighter for Woman ’ s Rights ) and Susan Taylor Boyd ( Betty Friedan: Voice of Woman ’ s Right, Advocates of Human Rights ), wrote biographies on Friedan ’ s life and works.

Friedan died of congestive heart failure at her home in Washington, D. C., on February 4, 2006, her 85th birthday.

* Booknotes interview with Friedan on Fountain of Age, November 28, 1993.

The Senate rejected his nomination 45 to 51 on April 8, 1970 following much pressure from the Civil Rights and Feminist Movements and impassioned testimony from Betty Friedan and others.

The movement is usually believed to have begun in 1963, when " Mother of the Movement " Betty Friedan published The Feminine Mystique, and President John F. Kennedy's Presidential Commission on the Status of Women released its report on gender inequality.

Chapter 2: Friedan shows that the editorial decisions concerning women's magazines were being made mostly by men, who insisted on stories and articles that showed women as either happy housewives or unhappy, neurotic careerists, thus creating the " feminine mystique "— the idea that women were naturally fulfilled by devoting their lives to being housewives and mothers.

Chapter 7: Friedan discusses the change in women's education from the 1940s to the early 1960s, in which many women's schools concentrated on non-challenging classes that focused mostly on marriage, family, and other subjects deemed suitable for women, as educators influenced by functionalism felt that too much education would spoil women's femininity and capacity for sexual fulfillment.

* February 4 – Betty Friedan, feminist author, The Feminine Mystique ( died 2006 )

" And in February 2006, shortly after Friedan's death, the feminist writer Germaine Greer published an article in The Guardian, in which she described Friedan as pompous and egotistic, somewhat demanding, and sometimes selfish, as evidenced by repeated incidents during a tour of Iran in 1972.

* Betty Friedan, philosopher of modern-day feminism, dies-CNN, February 4, 2006.

* Betty Friedan, Who Ignited Cause in ' Feminine Mystique ,' Dies at 85-The New York Times, February 5, 2006.

Chapter 4: Friedan discusses early American feminists and how they fought against the assumption that the proper role of a woman was to be solely a wife and mother.

* 2006 – Betty Friedan, American feminist ( b. 1921 )

* Betty Friedan: ( 1921 – 2006 ) American writer, activist, and feminist

Chapter 5: Friedan, who had a degree in psychology, criticizes Sigmund Freud ( whose ideas were very influential in America at the time of her book's publication ).