In 1804, the German chemist Friedrich Sertürner isolated from opium a " soporific principle " (), which he called " morphium " in honor of Morpheus, the Greek god of dreams ; in German and some other Central-European languages, this is still the name of the drug.

It was first isolated in 1804 by Friedrich Sertürner, first distributed by him in 1817, and first commercially sold by Merck in 1827, which at the time was a single small chemists ' shop.

* Morphine is first isolated from the opium poppy by the German pharmacist, Friedrich Sertürner.

Friedrich Sertürner, discoverer of morphine ( 1804 ), opened his first pharmacy here.

* German pharmacist Friedrich Sertürner isolates morphine from opium for the first time.

Friedrich Wilhelm Adam Sertürner ( 19 June 1783, Neuhaus-20 February 1841 ) was a German pharmacist, who discovered morphine in 1804.

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The German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche has been said to have taken nearly all of his political philosophy from Aristotle.

* 1777 – Carl Friedrich Gauss, German mathematician ( d. 1855 )

* 1770 – Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, German philosopher ( d. 1831 )

* 1815 – Adolf Friedrich von Schack, German writer ( d. 1894 )

* 1741 – Karl Friedrich Bahrdt, German theologian ( d. 1792 )

* 1794 – Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius, German botanist ( d. 1868 )

Armida was translated into German and widely performed, especially in the northern German states, where it helped to establish Salieri's reputation as an important and innovative modern composer It would also be the first opera to receive a serious preparation in a piano and vocal reduction by Carl Friedrich Cramer in 1783.

His last opera was a German language singspiel Die Neger, ( The Negroes ), a melodrama set in colonial Virginia with a text by Georg Friedrich Treitschke ( the author of the libretto for Beethoven's Fidelio ) performed in 1804 and was a complete failure.

While Italian by birth, Salieri had lived in imperial Vienna for almost 60 years and was regarded by such people as the music critic Friedrich Rochlitz as a German composer.

* 1825 – Johann Friedrich Pfaff, German mathematician ( b. 1765 )

Other utilitarian-type views include the claims that the end of action is survival and growth, as in evolutionary ethics ( the 19th-century English philosopher Herbert Spencer ); the experience of power, as in despotism ( the 16th-century Italian political philosopher Niccolò Machiavelli and the 19th-century German Friedrich Nietzsche ); satisfaction and adjustment, as in pragmatism ( 20th-century American philosophers Ralph Barton Perry and John Dewey ); and freedom, as in existentialism ( the 20th-century French philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre ).

Johann Carl Friedrich Gauss (;, ) ( 30 April 177723 February 1855 ) was a German mathematician and physical scientist who contributed significantly to many fields, including number theory, statistics, analysis, differential geometry, geodesy, geophysics, electrostatics, astronomy and optics.

Lobegott Friedrich Constantin ( von ) Tischendorf ( January 18, 1815 – December 7, 1874 ) was a noted German Biblical scholar.

Carl Friedrich Michael Meinhof ( July 23, 1857 – February 11, 1944 ) was a German linguist and one of the first linguists to study African languages.

Though Adolf Hitler succeeded in garnering the support of many German industrialists, prominent traditionalists openly and secretly opposed his policies of euthanasia, genocide, and attacks on organized religion, including Claus von Stauffenberg, Dietrich Bonhoeffer, Henning von Tresckow, Bishop Clemens August Graf von Galen, and the monarchist Carl Friedrich Goerdeler.

The CGS system goes back to a proposal in 1832 by the German mathematician Carl Friedrich Gauss.

* 1823 – Friedrich Max Müller, German orientalist ( d. 1900 )

* 1774 – Johann Friedrich Agricola, German composer and organist ( b. 1720 )

* 1723 – Friedrich Melchior, baron von Grimm, German writer ( d. 1807 )

* 1758 – Carl Friedrich Zelter, German composer, conductor and teacher of music ( d. 1832 )

The noted German historian Friedrich Meinecke attempted to trace the roots of the expression in a June 11, 1922 article in the Viennese newspaper Neue Freie Presse.

He had become passionate about the study of chemistry, matriculating at the University of Göttingen in the spring of 1838 in order to study with the famous chemist Friedrich Wöhler.

Conservation, as a distinct field of study, initially developed in Germany, when in 1888 Friedrich Rathgen became the first chemist to be employed by a Museum, the Koniglichen Museen, Berlin ( Royal Museums of Berlin ).

Friedrich Wöhler ( 31 July 1800 – 23 September 1882 ) was a German chemist, best known for his synthesis of urea, but also the first to isolate several chemical elements.

* 1660 – Friedrich Hoffmann, German physician and chemist ( d. 1742 )

Friedrich August Kekule von Stradonitz ( also August Kekulé ; ) ( 7 September 1829 – 13 July 1896 ) was a German organic chemist.

* 1742 – Friedrich Hoffmann, German physician and chemist ( b. 1660 )

* 1884 – Friedrich Bergius, German chemist, Nobel laureate ( d. 1949 )

* 1829 – Friedrich August Kekulé von Stradonitz, German chemist ( d. 1896 )

** Friedrich Bergius, German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate ( b. 1884 )

* November 12 – Friedrich Hoffmann, German physician and chemist ( b. 1660 )

* September 7 – Friedrich August Kekulé von Stradonitz, German chemist ( d. 1896 )

** Friedrich Bergius, German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate ( d. 1949 )

* February 19 – Friedrich Hoffmann, German physician and chemist ( d. 1742 )

The term geochemistry was first used by the Swiss-German chemist Christian Friedrich Schönbein in 1838.

Image: Friedrich Wöhler Stich. jpg | Friedrich Wöhler, chemist

First used by the organic chemist Friedrich August Kekulé von Stradonitz the carbon atoms in this type of diagram are implied to be located at the vertices ( corners ) and termini of line segments rather than being indicated with the atomic symbol C. Hydrogen atoms attached to carbon atoms are not indicated: each carbon atom is understood to be associated with enough hydrogen atoms to give the carbon atom four bonds.

Friedrich Hoffmann ( February 19, 1660 – November 12, 1742 ) was a German physician and chemist.

Gerhard Heinrich Friedrich Otto Julius Herzberg, ( December 25, 1904 – March 3, 1999 ) was a German-Canadian pioneering physicist and physical chemist, who won the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1971, " for his contributions to the knowledge of electronic structure and geometry of molecules, particularly free radicals ".

In the summer of 1865 Friedrich worked for the organic chemist Adolf Stecker in Göttingen.

Friedrich Christian Accum or Frederick Accum ( March 29, 1769 – June 28, 1838 ) was a German chemist, whose most important achievements included advances in the field of gas lighting, efforts to keep processed foods free from dangerous additives, and the promotion of interest in the science of chemistry to the general populace.

The first biographical sketch of Friedrich Accum's life was written by the American agricultural chemist and historian of science Charles Albert Browne, Jr. in 1925.

Raschig rings are named after their inventor, the German chemist Friedrich Raschig.