From the late 8th century BC a new wave of Indo-European speaking raiders entered northern and north east Anatolia, namely the Cimmerians and Scythians.

From the 8th century to the 9th century, many inhabitants of what is present-day Afghanistan, Pakistan, and areas of northern India were converted to Sunni Islam.

Archaeological confirmation of Bethlehem as an Israelite city was uncovered in 2012 at the archaeological dig at the City of David in the form of a bulla ( seal impression in dried clay ) in ancient Hebrew script that reads " From the town of Bethlehem to the King ," indicating that it was used to seal the string closing a shipment of grain, wine, or other goods sent as a tax payment in the 8th or 7th century BCE.

From the 4th century, when the codex gained wide acceptance, to the Carolingian Renaissance in the 8th century, many works that were not converted from scroll to codex were lost to posterity.

From February 2, 1911 he was made Commander of the 8th Infantry Regiment of Estonia, and was later appointed commander of the 9th Siberian Rifle Division, stationed in Vladivostok.

From the 8th through the 15th century, black kingdoms of the western Sudan, such as Ghana, Mali, and Songhai, brought their political culture from the south.

From approximately the 8th century A. D., adjacent village compounds called ile coalesced into numerous territorial city-states in which clan loyalties became subordinate to dynastic chieftains.

From the 8th century, the Mutazilite school of Islam, compelled to defend their principles against the orthodox Islam of their day, looked for support in philosophy, and are among the first to pursue a rational Islamic theology, called Ilm-al-Kalam ( scholastic theology ).

From 8: 57 to 9: 00 pm, every neon sign and every lightbulb was turned off and all traffic was halted between 42nd Street and 53rd Street, and between 8th Ave and the Avenue of the Americas.

From the 6th through the 8th centuries a number of so-called ' National Hands ' were developed throughout the Latin-speaking areas of the former Roman Empire.

From the 8th century CE onward, astronomers developed methods for approximating and calculating the direction to Makkah ( qibla )— and its distance — from any location on the Earth.

From the 8th until the 15th century, the Republic of Venice had the monopoly on spice trade with the Middle East, and along with it the neighboring Italian city-states.

From the Origins to the Present Day ( 8th ed.

From the 8th to the 11th century, the Vikings and Varangians traded as they sailed from and to Scandinavia.

From the late third millennium BC until the 8th century BC it was inhabited by peoples called Opici and Osci ( perhaps Askenazi ) and also by Oenotrians, Phoenicians, Mycenaeans, Ausones, Sicilians, Morgeti and Itali.

From this point the Bactrians tend to disappear from the historical record, a disappearance made final by the Arab invasion of the 8th century AD.

From the 8th to 5th centuries BC, the Chinese use of chariots reached its peak.

From the 8th century on, Wales was by far the largest of the three remnant Brythonic areas in Britain, the other two being the Hen Ogledd and Cornwall.

From the 8th century BC, Phoenicians founded several cities and strongholds on south west of Sardinia ; Tharros, Bithia, Sulcis, Nora and Karalis ( Cagliari ).

From the 8th to the 2nd centuries BC, archaeology records a split into two distinct settlement areas: the older in the Sayan-Altai area in Central Asia, and the younger in the North Pontic area in Eastern Europe.

From the 8th century onwards, Alpine Slavic underwent a series of gradual changes and innovations which were characteristic of South Slavic languages.

From the 8th to the 6th century BC, Hefei was the site of many small states, later a part of the Chu kingdom.

From the early 8th century come the Durham Gospels, the Echternach Gospels, the Lindisfarne Gospels ( see illustration at right ), and the Lichfield Gospels.

From early January 1944, the British 8th Army, with British, Indian, New Zealand, Canadian and Polish units, was from early January 1944 commanded by Lieutenant-General Oliver Leese when General Bernard Montgomery was also recalled to Britain to prepare for Operation Overlord.

From 1938 and during the war he served as an NCO in mobile radio detachment ( 3 Corps ) of Royal Signals Corps in the 8th Army in Persia in 1942.

From the 12th to the 15th century, Bordeaux regained importance following the marriage of Duchess Eleanor of Aquitaine with the French-speaking Count Henri Plantagenet, born in Le Mans, who became, within months of their wedding, King Henry II of England.

From the end of the 15th century we have printed ballads that suggest a rich tradition of popular music.

From the 13th to 15th centuries cannon armed Chinese ships also traveled throughout Southeast Asia.

From the 11th to 15th centuries, the sugar trade into Europe was an Arab monopoly, and its value was often compared with gold.

From his Vila do Infante in 15th Century Portuguese, Estate or Town of the Prince on the Sagres peninsula located at the south-westernmost point of Iberia and with sea access to both the Atlantic and the Mediterranean, Henry sponsored voyages down the coast of Africa, sailing as far as Guinea, that were primarily exploration expeditions, later on bringing back to the nearby town of Lagos, from whence they set out, numerous African slaves and goods.

From the late 15th century, Europeans and Arabs took slaves from West, Central and Southeast Africa overseas in the African slave trade.

From the 15th century in central and northern Italy, libraries of humanists and their enlightened patrons provided a nucleus around which an " academy " of scholars congregated in each Italian city of consequence.

From the 15th century in central and northern Italy, libraries of humanists and their enlightened patrons provided a nucleus around which an " academy " of scholars congregated in each Italian city of consequence. Malatesta Novello, lord of Cesena, founded the Malatestiana Library.

From the 15th to the 19th century, European contact with Mauritania was dominated by the trade for gum arabic.

From the 15th century onward, the area was ruled by the Rind ( tribe ) which was headed by Mir Chakar Rind.

From the 15th to 17th century, these ideas that are alternatively described as Western esotericism, which had a revival from about 1770 onwards, due to a renewed desire for mystery, an interest in the Middle Ages and a romantic " reaction to the rationalist Enlightenment.

From the 15th century onwards, European ships went further north, stayed longer on the Grand Banks and in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, and eventually began to explore the Pacific Northwest and the Western Arctic.

From the early 15th century on the Shetlanders sold their goods through the Hanseatic League of German merchantmen.

The Eastern Carpet in the Western World, From the 15th to the 17th century, Arts Council of Great Britain, London, 1983, ISBN 0-7287-0362-9

From the 15th century Portuguese colonists began trading and a settlement was established at Luanda in the 16th century.

From the 15th to 17th centuries, classical Kurdish poets and writers developed a literary language.

From the 13th to 15th century, Baltic and Ukrainian lands were consolidated into the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, with its initial capital unknown, but which presumably could have been either Navahrudak, Voruta, Trakai, Kernavė or Vilnius.

From the earlier part of the 15th Century, Portuguese expeditions organized by Prince Henry the Navigator had been crawling down the African coastline, principally in search for west African riches ( notably, gold ).

From 15th century manuscript of Jean Froissart's Froissart's Chronicles | Chronicles.

From the mid-14th century onwards his name appears in Serbian, Hungarian, Moldavian and Polish sources as the name of Wallachia, and from the 15th century as a name for the territory between the lower reaches of the rivers Prut and Dniester.

From the 15th century ungureni, that is Romanians from Transylvania began to populate the area north of the marketplace where they would erect an Orthodox church after 1500.

From the 15th to the 17th centuries the spellings tire and tyre were used without distinction ; but by 1700 tyre had become obsolete and tire remained as the settled spelling.

From the 15th century the castle's residential role declined, and by the 17th century its principal role was as a military base with a large garrison.