As Jackie Salit noted in the Christian Science Monitor: " At its founding meeting in Kansas City in 1997, the 40 black delegates in the room, led by the country ’ s foremost African-American independent – Lenora Fulani – represented the first time in US history that African-Americans were present at the founding of a major national political party.

The Yana Gulay mask ’ s purpose is to impersonate a Fulani woman and is made from cotton cloth and cowell shells.

Ten years before René Caillié ’ s visit, the Fulani leader Seku Amadu had launched his jihad and conquered the town.

Three different judges, in three different counties, repudiated MacKay ’ s efforts to dis-enroll Fulani, Newman and the other 140 New York City activists.

Fulani and running mate Maria Elizabeth Munoz received 73, 622 votes ( 0. 07 % of the popular vote ).

Democrat Bill Clinton and Republican Bush tied with 12 votes, with Marxist New Alliance Party member Lenora Fulani receiving one vote.

At the convention for a splinter faction of the Reform Party of the United States of America allied with party founder Ross Perot, Goldhaber won the nomination for Vice President over candidate Lenora Fulani by a vote of 120-66.

The result was a general uprising under Amadou that established the Massina Empire, a theocratic Muslim Fulani state throughout the Inner Niger Delta region and extending to both the ancient Muslim centers of Djenné and Tombouctou.

The Fulani, in contrast, had largely remained a pastoral community, herding cattle, goats and sheep, and populating grasslands between the towns throughout the region.

The Fulani began to enter the Hausa country in the 13th century and by the 15th century they were tending cattle, sheep, and goats in Borno as well.

By the early 19th century, Kanem-Bornu was clearly an empire in decline, and in 1808 Fulani warriors conquered Ngazargamu.

Castes appeared among the Malinke people no later than 14th century, and was present among the Wolof and Soninke, as well as some Songhay and Fulani populations, no later than 16th century.

The most important of these states was the Sokoto Caliphate or Fulani Empire.

In 1804, he launched the Fulani War as a jihad among a population that was restless about high taxes and discontented with its leaders.

By the early 19th century, Kanem-Bornu was clearly an empire in decline, and in 1808 Fulani warriors conquered Ngazargamu.

Combining these data suggests that Senegal was first populated from the north and east in several waves of migration, the last being that of the Wolof, the Fulani and the Serer.

The az-zaġāyah spread far into sub-saharan Africa as well as India, although these places already had their own variants of the spear as well. It was the weapon of choice during the Fulani jihad as well as during the Mahdist War in Sudan.

Psychotherapist and political activist Lenora Fulani, who was the 1988 presidential nominee of the New Alliance Party, received a second consecutive nomination from the Party in 1992.

Following independence, Nigeria was divided primarily along ethnic lines with Hausa and Fulani in the north, Yoruba in the south-west, Ijaws in the south-south and Igbo in the south-east.

Born into a Roman Catholic family, " Thom ' Sank " was a Silmi-Mossi, an ethnic group that originated with marriage between Mossi men and women of the pastoralist Fulani people.

Dan Fodio was one of a class of urbanized ethnic Fulani living in the Hausa States in what is today northern Nigeria.

This uprising was largely composed of the Fulani, who held a powerful military advantage with their cavalry.

The Fulani communication during the war was carried along trade routes and rivers draining to the Niger-Benue valley, as well as the delta and the lagoons.

His father was a Fulani village chief, while his mother was a Fulani of slave descent.

The village of Shagari was founded by Fulani Jihadist and cattlemen and later dominated by Hausa traders.

The Fulani War of 1804-1808, also known as the Fulani Jihad or Jihad of Usman dan Fodio, was a military contest in present-day Nigeria and Cameroon.

Up until that year Gowon remained strictly a career soldier with no involvement whatsoever in politics, until the tumultuous events of the year suddenly thrust him into a leadership role, when his unusual background as a Northerner who was neither of Hausa or Fulani ancestry nor of the Islamic faith made him a particularly safe choice to lead a nation whose population were seething with ethnic tension.

While Newman was initially dismissive of Jackson, Fulani had praised the popular activist during his 1984 Presidential run.

When asked about his political relationship to Fulani in the press Jackson said that there was no relationship at all.

During the late 1770s and the early 19th century, the Fulani, a pastoral Islamic people of the western Sahel, conquered most of what is now northern Cameroon, subjugating or displacing its largely non-Muslim inhabitants.

In various parts of West Africa, Fulani societies also have class divisions.

Tamari has described endogamous castes of over fifteen West African peoples, including the Tukulor, Songhay, Dogon, Senufo, Minianka, Moors, Manding, Soninke, Wolof, Serer, Fulani, and Tuareg.

Fulani Muslims migrated to Fouta Djallon in Central Guinea and established an Islamic state from 1735 to 1898 with a written Constitution and alternate rulers.

Fulani ( Fulbe ) eroded Mali's authority in the west by establing the independent Kingdom of Fouta Tooro, a successor to the kingdom of Takrur.

Amid the chaos, other groups began to assert themselves, including the Fulani of Futa Tooro who encroached from the west.

The Fulani were migratory people.

Jihad fever swept northern Nigeria, with strong support among both the Fulani and the Hausa.

Around that time, Fulani people, invading from the west, were able to make major inroads into Bornu.

Usman dan Fodio led the Fulani thrust and proclaimed a jihad ( holy war ) on the irreligious Muslims of the area.

But Muhammad al-Kanem contested the Fulani advance.

Fula people | Fulani women with traditional facial tattoos.

The remainder of the Nigerien people are nomadic or seminomadic livestock-raising peoples -- Tuareg, Fulani, Toubou and Diffa Arabs.

The Fulani came from the Senegal River valley, where their ancestors had developed a method of livestock management based on transhumance.

Many Fulani moved into Hausaland and Borno, and their arrival increased tensions because they had no loyalty to the political authorities, who saw them as a source of increased taxation.

The Nigerian People's Congress ( NPC ) represented conservative, Muslim, largely Hausa and Fulani interests that dominated the Northern Region.

The formation of the state may have taken place as an influx of Fulani from the east settled in the Senegal valley.

Between 1750 and 1900 from one-to two-thirds of the entire population of the Fulani War states consisted of slaves.