Fundamentalism is the demand for a strict adherence to specific theological doctrines usually understood as a reaction against Modernist theology, primarily to promote continuity and accuracy.

That is the way that the term is used in The Fundamentalism Project by Martin Marty, et al., from the University of Chicago.

Fundamentalism is a movement, rather than a denomination or a systematic theology, which gained ascendance after the release of a ten-volume set of essays, apologetic and polemic, written by many well-known conservative Protestant theologians to defend what they saw as Protestant orthodoxy — covering a wide range of topics, from defenses of the Divinity of Jesus Christ, his Virgin Birth, of the historicity of Biblical narratives, Mosaic authorship of the Pentateuch, and of Biblical inerrancy against the prevalent higher-critical theories of the day, to the falsity of theological systems such as Christian Science, " Millennial Dawnism ", Mormonism, to the errors of " Romanism "— over the course of 1910-1915, called The Fundamentals: A Testimony to the Truth, from which the movement receives its eponymous name.

The term " Fundamentalism " entered the English language in 1922, and is often capitalized when referring to the religious movement.

Fundamentalism is defined by historian George M. Marsden in his seminal work Fundamentalism and American Culture as " militant anti-modernist Protestant evangelicalism.

This is discussed in " Piety & Power: The World of Jewish Fundamentalism " by Orthodox author David Landau ( 1993, Hill & Wang ).

" What is ' Islamic Fundamentalism '?

A full description of the origins of the free market economics dating as far back to the conception of natural laws as mathematical, eternal and absolute — a reflection of some perfect mathematical form — derived from ancient Greek philosophers Pythagoras ( 569 – 500 BC ) and Plato, and reinvigorated by the Enlightenment is well beyond the scope of this article, but can be read on Chapter 4, A Brief Account of the Historical Origins of Economic Fundamentalism, in Dr. Lee Boldman's book ( 2007 ).

Mainstream Baptists is a Network of Baptists in fourteen ( US ) states that have organized to uphold historic Baptist principles, particularly separation of church and state, and to oppose Fundamentalism and Theocratic Calvinism within the Southern Baptist Convention.

His most recent book in English is Men of a Single Book: Fundamentalism in Islam, Christianity, and Modern Thought ( United States, World Wisdom, 2010 ), which won in the “ Comparative Religion ” category of The USA " Best Books 2011 " Awards.

His most recent book, in English, is Men of a Single Book: Fundamentalism in Islam, Christianity, and Modern Thought ( United States, World Wisdom, 2010 ), a critique both of religious and anti-religious fundamentalism ; the later represented specially by polemicists such as Richard Dawkins and Christopher Hitchens.

He is also the author of How to Win a Cosmic War, published in paperback as Beyond Fundamentalism: Confronting Religious Extremism in a Globalized Age.

Fundamentalism is the enemy of all that makes democracies functional and civility possible, whether in secular, religious, nationalist, patriotic, or ethnic clothing.

He is the author of Islamic Fundamentalism and the Arab Political Culture.

The Danvers Statement is included in readers such as Evangelicalism and Fundamentalism: A Documentary Reader ( NYU Press, 2008 ) and Eve and Adam: Jewish, Christian, and Muslim readings on Genesis and gender ( Indiana University Press, 2009 ).

The ecclesiastical historian Adrian Hastings has argued that this is one of the few English parallels to the Fundamentalism controversy in the US.

" Fundamentalism " has been often used by a political group to attack their political enemies.

Catholic Fundamentalism stresses the need for adherence to literal interpretation of Vatican declarations, particularly those pronounced by the Pope.

One unusual link between Falwell and Conservative rabbi Arnold Resnicoff, a Navy chaplain, was created when President Ronald Reagan surprised the participants at Falwell's " Baptist Fundamentalism ' 84 " convention in Washington, D. C., by choosing to read Resnicoff's on-site report of the 1983 Beirut barracks bombing as his keynote address.

Fed Up with Fundamentalism: A Historical, Theological, and Personal Appraisal of Christian Fundamentalism.

" In 1994 he published Jewish History, Jewish Religion: The Weight of Three Thousand Years, in 1997 he published Open Secrets: Israel's Nuclear and Foreign Policies, and in 1994 he published Jewish Fundamentalism In Israel, co-authored with Norton Mezvinsky.

American Baptist preacher and anti-evolution campaigner William Bell Riley, " The Grand Old Man of Fundamentalism ", founder of the World Christian Fundamentals Association and of the Anti-Evolution League of America was another prominent day-age creationist in the first half of the 20th century, who defended this position in a famous debate with friend and prominent young Earth creationist Harry Rimmer.

In this respect his position may be seen as comparable with the doctrines of Biblical inerrancy and Biblical infallibility held by later Christian Fundamentalism.

In contrast, Jeff Sharlet, who was interviewed on NBC News and wrote a book, The Family: The Secret Fundamentalism at the Heart of American Power, and an article in Harper's about his experience serving as an intern in the Fellowship, has stated that the organization fetishizes power by comparing Jesus to " Lenin, Ho Chi Minh, Bin Laden " as examples of leaders who change the world through the strength of the covenants they had forged with their " brothers ".

He met with Himmler three times at the request of Moni von Crammon, an Oxford Group adherent .< ref > The Family: The Secret Fundamentalism at the Heart of American Power, Jeff Sharlet, 2008 </ i ></ ref > the last time in 1936.

* The Roots of Fundamentalism: A Conversation with Huston Smith and Phil Cousineau, 2006, GemsTone-distributed by mondayMEDIA, DVD

Reviewing Choosing Up Sides, Elizabeth Bush described it in the Bulletin of the Center for Children's Books as a novel that " pits fire and brimstone Fundamentalism against a rival religion — Baseball — and treats both with cathartic understanding.

the encyclopedic five-volume Fundamentalism Project, co-edited with historian R. Scott Appleby, formerly his dissertation advisee ; and the biography Martin Luther ( 2004 ).

This research seemed to show that, for example, Fundamentalism would be associated with reduced racism once the authoritarian component was removed, and this was summarized in a recent review of the field.

Sola scriptura continues to be a doctrinal commitment of conservative branches and offshoots of the Lutheran churches, Reformed churches, and Baptist churches as well as other Protestants, especially where they describe themselves by the slogan " Bible-believing " ( See Fundamentalism ).

In February 2010, Women Against Fundamentalism defended Tatchell against allegations of Islamophobia and endorsed his right to challenge all religious fundamentalism: " WAF supports the right of Peter Tatchell and numerous other gay activists to oppose the legitimisation of fundamentalists and other right wing forces on university campuses, by the Left and by the government in its Preventing Violent Extremism strategy and numerous other programmes and platforms ".

His refusal to accept premillennialism and other aspects of Fundamentalist belief was based upon his belief that Reformed Theology was the most biblical form of Christian belief-a theology that was generally missing from Fundamentalism at the time.

He has also written a number of other books about Garvey, including Marcus Garvey Hero: A First Biography, African Fundamentalism: A Literary and Cultural Anthology of Garvey's Harlem Renaissance, Literary Garveyism: Garvey, Black Arts and the Harlem Renaissance, The Poetical Works of Marcus Garvey, and The Pan-African Connection: From Slavery to Garvey and Beyond.

The Nazis also classified the Stalinist version of Bolshevism and non-Nazi, right-wing groups such as Catholic Action as dangerous to Nazism .< ref > The Family: The Secret Fundamentalism at the Heart of American Power, Jeff Sharlet, 2008 </ i ></ ref >

The library's Fundamentalism File collects periodical articles and ephemera about social and religious matters of interest to evangelicals and fundamentalists.

He thought of the jungles below him, and of the wild, strange, untracked beauty there and he promised himself that someday he would return, on foot perhaps, to hunt in this last corner of the world where man is sometimes himself the hunted, and animals the lords.

Isfahan became more of a legend than a place, and now it is for many people simply a name to which they attach their notions of old Persia and sometimes of the East.

If his dancers are sometimes made to look as if they might be creatures from Mars, this is consistent with his intention of placing them in the orbit of another world, a world in which they are freed of their pedestrian identities.

In a bold, sometimes careless, form there is nothing academic ; ;

In the incessant struggle with recalcitrant political fact he learns to focus the essence of a problem in the significant detail, and to articulate the distinctions which clarify the detail as significant, with what is sometimes astounding rapidity.

This text from Dr. Huxley is sometimes used by enthusiasts to indicate that they have the permission of the scientists to press the case for a wonderful unfoldment of psychic powers in human beings.

The problem is rather to find out what is actually happening, and this is especially difficult for the reason that `` we are busily being defended from a knowledge of the present, sometimes by the very agencies -- our educational system, our mass media, our statesmen -- on which we have had to rely most heavily for understanding of ourselves ''.

It is true that this distinction between style and idea often approaches the arbitrary since in the end we must admit that style and content frequently influence or interpenetrate one another and sometimes appear as expressions of the same insight.

On the other hand, the bright vision of the future has been directly stated in science fiction concerned with projecting ideal societies -- science fiction, of course, is related, if sometimes distantly, to that utopian literature optimistic about science, literature whose period of greatest vigor in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries produced Edward Bellamy's Looking Backward and H. G. Wells's A Modern Utopia.

One is that there sometimes are real although inadequate compensations in growing old.

So far as I am concerned, the child is unmistakably father to the man, despite the obvious fact that child and father differ greatly -- sometimes for the better and sometimes for the worse.

It was responsible and sometimes dangerous work because the thieving is awful in the port of New York.

He could no longer build anything, whether a private residence in his Pennsylvania county or a church in Brazil, without it being obvious that he had done it, and while here and there he was taken to task for again developing the same airy technique, they were such fanciful and sometimes even playful buildings that the public felt assured by its sense of recognition after a time, a quality of authentic uniqueness about them, which, once established by an artist as his private vision, is no longer disputable as to its other values.

For he knows that the first and sometimes most difficult job is to know what the question is -- that when it is accurately identified it sometimes answers itself, and that the way in which it is posed frequently shapes the answer.

Displacement is sometimes referred to as `` swept volume ''.