In 1942, in Paris, and following severe fuel restrictions due to the German occupation of France, Émile Gagnan, an Air Liquide employee, miniaturized and adapted a Rouquayrol-Denayrouze regulator ( property of the Bernard Piel company in 1942 ) to gas generators.

Gagnan, employee at Air Liquide, had miniaturized and adapted a Rouquayrol-Denayrouze regulator to gas generators ( following severe fuel restrictions due to the German occupation of France ) and Cousteau suggested to adapt it again to diving, which was in 1864 its original purpose.

Cousteau was not satisfied with the length of time he could spend underwater with the Le Prieur apparatus so he improved it to extend underwater duration by adding a demand regulator, invented in 1942 by Émile Gagnan.

Gagnan's boss and owner of the Air Liquide company, Henri Melchior, decided to introduce Gagnan to Jacques-Yves Cousteau, his son-in-law, because he already knew that Cousteau was looking for an efficient and automatic demand regulator.

The two-hose design originally used was the one designed by Cousteau and Gagnan.

Émile Gagnan ( November 1900 – 1979 ) was a French engineer and co-inventor ( together with French Navy diver Jacques-Yves Cousteau ) of the diving regulator ( a. k. a. demand-valve ) used for the first Scuba equipment (" Aqua-Lung ") in 1943.

Gagnan was born in the French province of Burgundy in November 1900, and graduated from technical school in the early 1920s.

The first production ‘ Scaphandre Autonome ’-or ‘ Aqualung ’ was released in France in 1946 under the identification code " CG45 " (" C " for Cousteau, " G " for Gagnan and " 45 " for 1945, year of the patent ).

The Aqua-Lung was invented in Paris during the winter of 1942 – 1943 by the engineer Émile Gagnan and the lieutenant de vaisseau ( ship-of-the-line lieutenant ) Jacques Cousteau, both of France.

Gagnan's boss, Henri Melchior, knew that his son-in-law Jacques-Yves Cousteau was looking for an automatic demand regulator, so he introduced Cousteau to Gagnan in December 1942.

It was not until December 1942 that the demand valve was definitely improved in the way we know nowadays, when Frenchmen Jacques-Yves Cousteau ( navy officer ) and Émile Gagnan ( engineer ) met for the first time in Paris.

The first scuba diving school was created in France to train the owners of the Jacques Yves Cousteau and Emile Gagnan designed double hose scuba.

These prototypes were made in Boulogne-Billancourt by the Air Liquide company, following instructions from Cousteau and Émile Gagnan.

Open circuit demand scuba is a 1943 invention by the Frenchmen Émile Gagnan and Jacques-Yves Cousteau, but in the English language Lambertsen's acronym has become common usage and the name Aqua-Lung, ( often spelled " aqualung "), coined by Cousteau for use in English-speaking countries, has fallen into secondary use.

During the 1930s French pioneers Philippe Tailliez and Jacques-Yves Cousteau used and widely tested the Le Prieur apparatus before Émile Gagnan and Cousteau worked together on the invention of the modern regulator in 1943.

The invention of the modern diving regulator became possible after Cousteau met engineer Émile Gagnan.

* Jacques-Yves Cousteau co-invents, with Emile Gagnan, the first commercially successful open circuit type of scuba diving equipment, the Aqua-lung.

Gagnan's boss and owner of the Air Liquide company, Henri Melchior, decides to introduce Gagnan to Jacques-Yves Cousteau, his son-in-law, because he knows that Cousteau is looking for an efficient and automatic demand regulator.

* 1943: after fixing some technical problems Cousteau and Gagnan patent the first modern demand regulator.

* 1946: Air Liquide creates La Spirotechnique and starts to sell Cousteau-Gagnan sets under the names of scaphandre Cousteau-Gagnan (' Cousteau-Gagnan scuba set '), CG45 (" C " for Cousteau, " G " for Gagnan and " 45 " for 1945, year of their first postwar patent ) or Aqua-Lung, the latter for commercialization in English-speaking countries.

A year later, in 1947, Émile Gagnan and his family emigrated to Montreal, Canada and he transferred to the employ of Canadian Liquid Air Ltd.

One of their apparati went to Émile Gagnan, an engineer employed by the Air Liquide company.

In 1942, Simone's father provided financing and the manufacturing expertise of Emile Gagnan at Air Liquide to build Jacques Cousteau's aqua lung.

Eventually, the " rapid " firing mechanism was perfected and miniaturized to the extent that either the recoil of the firearm or the gas pressure from firing could be used to operate it, thus the operator needed only to pull a trigger ( which made the firing mechanisms truly " automatic ").

It can easily be miniaturized, but it is also used on a very large scale in the liquefaction of natural gas.

Rice considered CO < sub > 2 </ sub > a dirty gas, so the Angel used miniaturized components that could not withstand impurities in the air or the cooling effects of CO < sub > 2 </ sub >.

Often processes which are normally carried out in a lab are miniaturized on a single chip in order to enhance efficiency and mobility as well as reducing sample and reagent volumes.

He advocated replacing bulky, decaying printed works with miniaturized microform analog photographs, which could be duplicated on-demand for library patrons or other institutions.

More conspicuous images include the diamond-shaped radio mast, which is a miniaturized replica of the WSM tower located a few miles south of Nashville.

He advocated replacing bulky, decaying printed works with miniaturized microform analog photographs, which could be duplicated on-demand for library patrons or other institutions.

In the 1970s miniaturized solid-state components allowed synthesizers to become self-contained, portable instruments, which soon began to be used in live performances.

* Hood skittles: a miniaturized version in which the pins are on a special table which is closed on three sides with a leather hood ; a ' cheese ' is thrown at the pins underarm

* Devil among the tailors: another miniaturized version, in which a small ball is attached by a chain or string to a vertical pole, allowing it to be swung through the air in an arc to strike the pins.

0087, the Titans, developed their own miniaturized version, which appeared in several units such as the ORX-013 Gundam Mk-V, and the MRX-010 Psyco Gundam Mark II.

Anything that cannot be powered by miniaturized fusion reactors ( which, in the 31st century, are so advanced they can operate solely on atmospheric gasses ), is easily fueled by massively powerful neutronium-annihilation " annie " plants-spherical devices that generate massive amounts of power by gravitationally converting mass to energy, a means of power generation made possible by ubiquitous gravity manipulation.

Superman then uses his rocket from Krypton that had also been miniaturized with Metropolis to attack Brainiac's mind, which the rocket was able to do since it's primary mission was to protect Kal-El.

The film ends with an open finale in which the Cowboy drives Tuck and Lydia's limousine, with Scrimshaw and Margaret, still miniaturized, stowed away in its trunk.

A very peculiar and quite interesting museum is the one organized by the Army at its local " Comando del V Cuerpo de Ejército " at which a miniaturized recreation of the original Fortress is on display, made by César Puliafito, as well as a quite interesting collection of ancient maps, documents and pieces alongside one of the most important-and rather unknown-libraries of history in the region: this one and the one of the Salesians, at Inspectoría San Francisco Javier ( Head of the Salesians of Don Bosco for the whole Patagonia ) have fantastic collections with many priceless documents related to the conquest and civilization of Patagonia, almost completely carried out by the Army and the Salesians.

Typical PDWs use small-caliber, high-velocity pistol bullets similar to miniaturized rifle rounds, which are capable of penetrating soft body armor up to Level IIIa.

( Combined Miniaturized Deterrent Forces ) facilities and board a specially designed nuclear submarine, the Proteus, which is then miniaturized and injected into Benes.

In 1987, director Joe Dante made Innerspace, which reworked the story of Fantastic Voyage with a difference: it tells the story of a conventional man who is injected with a syringe that contains a sub and a miniaturized man who is scheduled to travel in a rabbit's body.

Specifically, plant on a chip is a miniaturized device in which pollen tissues and ovules could be incubated for plant sciences studies.

Maggie ( thinking that it is a ball pit ) crawls inside a giant pill, which is miniaturized and swallowed by Mr. Burns.

The metallic mutt employed a system of miniaturized transistors which allowed him to extend his limbs or neck and use them to perform extraordinary feats ; only problem was, none of them ever really worked properly!

The other end of the Monsanto Mighty Microscope had a glass tube in which miniaturized riders could be seen moving across.

For example, in the films Fantastic Voyage and Innerspace, in which the miniaturized protagonists travel through the human body, the machine looks something like a Star Trek transporter, and is large enough to accommodate the target.

For a class there, he submitted a paper which argued that in modern technological society time meant money more than ever before and with the advent of miniaturized electronic circuitry, very small components had become extremely valuable.