Gauthier & Rowe, and Dingus & Rowe have argued convincingly for identifying the hind limb of Protoavis as belonging to a ceratosaur.

Rowe and Gauthier ( 1990 ) went further, suggesting that the nasal horn of Ceratosaurus was " probably used for display purposes alone " and played no role in physical confrontations.

In 1988 Jacques Gauthier proposed a cladistic definition of Reptilia as a monophyletic node-based crown group containing turtles, lizards and snakes, crocodilians, and birds, their common ancestor and all its descendants.

* E. F. Paul, F. D. Miller, Jr., and J. Paul, eds., The New Social Contract: Essays on Gauthier ( Oxford: Blackwell, 1988 ).

Michel Gauthier, once Bloc's leader, was a PQ member of the National Assembly of Quebec from 1981 until 1988.

Carpenter's biomechanical studies using bone casts also showed that Deinonychus could not fold its arms against its body like a bird (" avian folding "), contrary to what was inferred from the earlier 1985 descriptions by Jacques Gauthier and Gregory S. Paul in 1988.

Unlike Benton, for example, Jacques Gauthier and colleagues forwarded a definition of Amniota in 1988 as " the most recent common ancestor of extant mammals and reptiles, and all its descendants ".

Robert Broom ( 1913 ) reranked Cynodonia as an infraorder, since retained by others including Colbert and Kitching ( 1977 ), Carroll ( 1988 ), Gauthier et al.

William King Gregory ( 1910 ), Broom ( 1913 ), Carroll ( 1988 ), Gauthier et al.

* Gauthier, P .: Newman et Blondel ; tradition et développement du dogme, Paris, Le Cerf, 1988

" Tinamidae " was defined as by Gauthier and de Queiroz ( 2001 ): " Tinamidae refers to the crown clade stemming from the most recent common ancestor of Tetrao major Gmelin 1789 and all extant birds sharing a more recent ancestor with that species than with Struthio camelus Linnaeus 1758 and Vultur gryphus Linnaeus 1758.

As Gauthier makes use of a crown group definition, Amniota so defined has a slightly different content than the biological amniotes as defined by an apomorphy.

The Maniraptora was originally named by Jacques Gauthier in 1986, for a branch-based clade defined as all dinosaurs closer to modern birds than to the ornithomimids.

In phylogenetic systematics they are variously defined as the common ancestor and all its descendants of Younginiforms and " crown diapsids " ( the common ancestor of lizards, crocodilians and birds, and all their descendants ) 1997, or all diapsids that are more closely related to Sauria than to Araeoscelidia ( Laurin and Gauthier 2000 ).

The clade is defined by a number of details in skull and skeleton, for which see Laurin and Gauthier 2000.

All published cladistic analyses have shown Ornitholestes to be a coelurosaur as defined by Gauthier, and likely a primitive member of the advanced group Maniraptora, though there is still disagreement regarding its exact position within this group.

Several major theropod groups were named by Jacques Gauthier in 1986, including the clade Tetanurae for one branch of a basic theropod split with another group, the Ceratosauria.

As more information about the link between dinosaurs and birds came to light, the more bird-like theropods were grouped in the clade Maniraptora ( also named by Gauthier in 1986 ).

2009, with omitted clade names after the definitions in Gauthier & De Quieroz ( 2001 ) and Sereno ( 2005 ).

Gauthier is the author of numerous articles, some of the most important of which are collected in Moral Dealing, and several books including Practical Reasoning, The Logic of Leviathan, Morals by Agreement, and Rousseau: The Social and the Solitary.

Other philosophers, such as Thomas Hobbes and David Gauthier, have argued that the conflicts which arise when people each pursue their own ends can be resolved for the best of each individual only if they all voluntarily forgo some of their aims — that is, one's self-interest is often best pursued by allowing others to pursue their self-interest as well so that liberty is equal among individuals.

In 2004, retired Canadian Senator Jean-Robert Gauthier, a hard-of-hearing person, filed a complaint with the Canadian Human Rights Commission against Radio-Canada concerning captioning, particularly the absence of real-time captioning on newscasts and other live programming.

Another important nationalist performer during this period was Georges Dor, who enjoyed international success with his recording of his own composition, " La complainte de la Manic " (" The Ballad of Manicouagan "); other popular singers of the time include Claude Gauthier and Clemence Desrochers.

However, Gauthier disagrees and suggests that the category-specific and process-map models could accommodate most other proposed models for the neural underpinnings of facial processing.

The activity found by Gauthier when participants viewed non-face objects was not as strong as when participants were viewing faces, however this could be because we have much more expertise for faces than for most other objects.

At first, it reprinted rewritten, updated versions of his original novels, then it began publishing a series of " sharecropping " novels, featuring Gilles Novak, Blade and Baker, Jean Kariven, etc., written by other writers, mostly Roland C. Wagner, but also Philippe Randa, Nicolas Gauthier and Laurent Genefort.

The other candidates in 2004 were Mike Murphy of the Conservatives, David Chernushenko of the Greens, Louis Lang of the Marxist-Leninists, Michael Foster, Stuart Ryan of the Communists, Robert Gauthier, and Carla Marie Dancey.

In 1965, he took a position as a lecturer at Carleton University, and in 1967, became an assistant professor there, but in the same year he moved back to Toronto after philosophy department members David Savan and David Gauthier persuaded the other faculty to overlook his radical politics.

In 1986, Jacques Gauthier redefined this and several other paleontological terms in a more rigorous fashion, based on cladistic methods.

Gauthier takes value as a matter of individuals ' subjective preferences, and argues that moral constraints on straightforward utility-maximizing are prudentially justified.

Current members of the board of directors of Metro Inc. are: Eric La Flèche, Pierre Brunet, Marc Deserres, Claude Dussault, Serge Ferland, Bobbie Gaunt, Paule Gauthier, Paul Gobeil, Christian Haub, Maurice Jodoin ( chairman ), Maryse Labonté, Michel Labonté, Bernard Roy, Pierre Lessard, Réal Raymond, Michael Rosicki, Christian Paupe, John Tory Q. C.

This agrees with the suggestion made by Gauthier in 2000, that the extrastriate cortex contains areas that are best suited for different computations, and described as the process-map model.

Cognitive neuroscientists Isabel Gauthier and Michael Tarr are two of the major proponents of the view that face recognition involves expert discrimination of similar objects ( See the Perceptual Expertise Network ).

Studies by Gauthier have shown that an area of the brain known as the fusiform gyrus ( sometimes called the " fusiform face area, ( FFA )" because it is active during face recognition ) is also active when study participants are asked to discriminate between different types of birds and cars, and even when participants become expert at distinguishing computer generated nonsense shapes known as greebles.

Gauthier catalogued one Usersatet, the " King's son of Kush ," ( i. e. Viceroy of Nubia ) as a son of Amenhotep II, as well as one Re, however, both are now known to be unrelated to the royal family.

Current members of the board of directors are: Geoff Beattie, Douglas Elix, John Ferguson, Paule Gauthier, Jacques Lamarre, Brandt Louie, Gordon Nixon, David O ' Brien, Robert Peterson, Pedro Reinhard, Timothy Hearn, Kathleen P. Taylor, Victor Young, Michael McCain, Alice Labeige.

7 .↑ Pierre Gauthier Vendean linguist ( from Saint-Vincent-sur-Jar ), professeur at the university of Nantes, ( in Langue et littérature: La langue régionale: Les parlers vendéens dans l ’ espace linguistique poitevin-saintongeais, in: Vendée, Encyclopédie Bonneton: written with Guy Perraudeau ), using the Vendean example, restates in 2003: « Let ’ s recall first that the Vendée, before being a department, was under the Ancien Régime ( pre-revolution monarchy ), what we called « Bas-Poitou » ( Lower Poitou ) and to understand what are the Vendean dialects, their origins, their life, their future, it ’ s necessary to situate them in a bigger linguistic, cultural and historic area, the one bordered by the Loire and the Gironde on one part, the Atlantic Ocean and the Massif Central on another part, where are still alive in rural areas local dialects with a sufficient coherence to constitute a minority language, the Poitevin-Saintongese one .”

Among these are WEC President Gauthier and Chairman Nathaniel Draygan.

Nonetheless, the ratings are still excellent, led by a popular airstaff, which includes morning man Charlie DiStefano, aka " Charlie D .", middayer Dave Gauthier, afternoon man Lin " Michael O ' Shea " McNitt and nighttimer Ron Pritchard.

Members of the board of directors of TransCanada ( as of April 25, 2008 ) are S. Barry Jackson ( Chair ), Russ Girling ( President and CEO ), Kevin E. Benson, Derek Burney, Wendy K. Dobson, E. Linn Draper, Paule Gauthier, Kerry L. Hawkins, Paul L. Joskow, John A. MacNaughton, David P. O ' Brien, W. Thomas Stephens and D. Michael G. Stewart.

The grounds are bounded by Lake Street to the West, Gauthier Road to the North, Highway 385 to the East, and Lincoln Road to the South.