Photo by Arthur D. Guilani

Pope Clement XI ( 23 July 1649 – 19 March 1721 ), born Giovanni Francesco Albani, was Pope from 1700 until his death in 1721.

They include a colossal bust in the Vatican, a bust in the Louvre ( the Antinous Mondragone ), a bas-relief from the Villa Albani, a statue in the Capitoline museum ( the so-called Capitoline Antinous, now accepted to be a portrayal of Hermes ), another in Berlin, another in the Lateran and one in the Fitzwilliam Museum ; and many more may be seen in museums across Europe.

Påskebryg ( Danish for Easter Brew ), is a strong pilsener, and the Albani Breweries ' traditional beer for the Easter season.

Herodotus, Strabo, and other classical authors repeatedly mention the Caspians but do not seem to know much about them ; they are grouped with other inhabitants of the southern shore of the Caspian Sea, like the Amardi, Anariacae, Cadusii, Albani ( see below ), and Vitii ( Eratosthenes apud Strabo, 11. 8. 8 ), and their land ( Caspiane ) is said to be part of Albania ( Theophanes Mytilenaeus apud Strabo, 11. 4. 5 ).

Noted soprano interpreters of Mignon have included Emma Albani ( Covent Garden's first Mignon in 1874 ), Lucrezia Bori, and Geraldine Farrar ; mezzo-sopranos have included Marilyn Horne, Giulietta Simionato, Frederica von Stade, Risë Stevens, and Ebe Stignani.

* Other interesting buildings include Palazzo Albani ( 17th century ), Palazzo Odasi and Palazzo Passionei.

In Rome, the Torlonia properties comprise: Palazzo Torlonia-Giraud in Via della Conciliazione ( rione of Borgo ), Palazzo Núñez-Torlonia in Via Condotti, near the Spanish Steps, Palazzo Torlonia in Via della Lungara ( rione of Trastevere ) and Villa Torlonia ( Villa Albani ) outside Porta Salaria.

* Pope Clement XI ( 1649 – 1721 ), born Giovanni Francesco Albani, Pope from 1700-1721.

Indeed, in 1904 he brought Dawson in on a tour of the West Country, beginning at Plymouth, led by Emma Albani, with William Green ( tenor ), Giulia Ravogli, Johannes Wolf, Adela Verne and Theodore Flint.

* Francesco Albani or Albano ( 1578-1660 ), Italian Baroque painter

* Marcella Albani ( 1899-1959 ), actress.

* Alessandro Albani ( 1692 – 1779 ), Italian aristocrat and cardinal

* Annibale Albani ( 1682 – 1751 ), Italian Cardinal

* Gian Francesco Albani ( 1720 – 1803 ), Roman Catholic Cardinal

* Giuseppe Albani ( 1750 – 1834 ), Italian Roman Catholic Cardinal

* Alessandro Albani, announced the elections of Pope Clement XIII ( 1758 ), Pope Clement XIV ( 1769 ) and Pope Pius VI ( 1775 )

A 1993 French tour warmed up the public for the release of Wam Sabindam in September, followed by a Swiss tour ( Arthur ’ s Club, Emmenthaler Thoune, Le Locle, Chapiteau Sambaille ), and another in the spring of 1994 ( Case à Chocs, Albani, Bus Stop, Mad, Kantonsschule, Mühle Hunziken ).

Balash (), ( in the Greek authors, Balas ; the later form of the name Vologases ), the eighteenth Sassanid King of Persia in 484 – 488, was the brother and successor of Peroz I of Persia ( 457 – 484 ), who had died in a battle against the Hephthalites ( White Huns ) who invaded Persia from the east.

Their places of origin are, from right to left: Uar ( Hephthalites ); Persia ; Baekje ; Qiuci ; Wo ( Japan ); Langkasuka ; Dengzhi ( 邓至 ) of Qiang ethnic from Ngawa ; Zhouguke ( 周古柯 ), Hebatan ( 呵跋檀 ), Humidan ( 胡密丹 ), Baiti ( 白題, of similar Hephthalite stocks ), whom dwell close to Hephthalite ; Mo ( Qiemo ).

Thus (), the State of Huá ( 滑 ), can refer to the name of the Hephthalites ' country or tribes mentioned in what is now north Afghanistan from the Book of Liang and Portraits of Periodical Offering of Liang.

According to the Chinese classic Liang chih-kung-t ' u, 滑 ( pinyin: hua ), was the name the Hephthalites used of themselves, and that is probably Chinese transfer of a similar word on sounding ,-War / Uar.

They organised themselves into Northern " Black " ( beyond the Jaxartes ), Kidarites or Southern " Red " ( in Hindu Kush south of the Oxus ), Eastern " Blue " ( in Tianshan ), and Western Hephthalites or " White " ( around Khiva ) hordes.

The weakness of the Greco-Bactrian empire was shown by its sudden and complete overthrow, first by the Sakas, and then by the Yuezhi ( who later became known as Kushans ), who had conquered Bactria by the time of the visit of the Chinese envoy Zhang Qian ( circa 127 BC ), who had been sent by the Han emperor to investigate lands to the west of China.

* 196-In Assuristan ( Parthian ruled Assyria ) Bar Daisan writes of Christians among the Assyrians, Parthians, Bactrians ( Kushans ), and other peoples in the Persian Empire

He used an Eastern Iranian, Indo-European language known as Bactrian ( called " αρια ," i. e. " Aryan " in the Rabatak inscription ), which appears in Greek script in his inscriptions, though it is not certain what language the Kushans originally spoke ; possibly some form of Tocharian-a " centum " Indo-European language.

The " Aryan " language of the inscription was a " satem " Middle Iranian language, possibly the one spoken in " Arya " or " Ariana " ( the region around modern Herat ) and was, therefore, quite possibly unrelated to the original language of the Kushans ( or the Yuezhi ), but adopted by them to facilitate communication with local people.

During the 1st and early 2nd centuries AD, the Kushans expanded across the northern parts of the Indian subcontinent at least as far as Saketa and Sarnath near Varanasi ( Benares ), where inscriptions have been found dating to the era of the Kushan emperor Kanishka, which began about 127 AD.

Chinese sources describe the Guishuang ( Ch: 貴霜 ), i. e. the Kushans, as one of the five aristocratic tribes of the Yuezhi ( Ch: 月氏 ), with some people claiming they were a loose confederation of Indo-European peoples.

The weakness of the Greco-Bactrian empire was shown by its sudden and complete overthrow, first by the Sakas, and then by the Yuezhi ( who later became known as Kushans ), who had conquered Bactria by the time of the visit of the Chinese envoy Zhang Qian ( circa 127 BCE ), who had been sent by the Han emperor to investigate lands to the west of China.

Greek legend: ΤΥΡΑΝΝΟΥΟΤΟΣ ΗΛΟΥ-ΣΑΝΑΒ-ΚΟϷϷΑΝΟΥ " The Tyrant Heraios, Sanav ( meaning unknown ), of the Kushans ".

Heraios ( often read as Heraus, Heraos, Miaos ) was a clan chief of the Kushans ( reign: 1-30 CE ), one of the five constituent tribes of the Yuezhi confederacy in Bactria in the early 1st century CE, roughly at the time when the Kushans were starting their invasion of India.

Since the Kushans and their predecessors the Yuezhi were conversant with the Greek language and Greek coinage, the adoption of Hermaeus cannot have been accidental: it either expressed a filiation of Kujula Kadphises to Hermaeus by alliance ( possibly through Sapadbizes or Heraios ), or simply a wish to show himself as heir to the Indo-Greek tradition and prestige, possibly to accommodate Greek populations.

:" Going west from the kingdom of Suoju ( Yarkand ), and passing through the countries of Puli ( Tashkurghan ) and Wulei ( centred on Sarhad in the Wakhan ), you arrive among the Da Yuezhi ( Kushans ).

After the Yuanchu period ( 114-120 CE ), when the Yuezhi or Kushans placed a hostage prince on the throne of Kashgar:

The deity is often though to be identical with Shiva ( I ' sha ), and " Oesho " would just be the pronunciation of Shiva's name in the Bactrian language of the Kushans.

The Roman historian Florus also describes the visit of numerous envoys, including Seres and " Indians " ( who may have included Kushans ), to the first Roman Emperor Augustus, who reigned between 27 BC and 14 AD:

The Kushans, who were a Central Asian Tribe ( Other view, they were Turks, or Mongolian Tribe or a Chinese Tribe ), overran the entire north of India in the first century.

* Bihar ( king ), a khagan of the Khazars

The second phase, between CE 500 and 900, saw Slavic, Turkic, and other tribes on the move, resettling in Eastern Europe and gradually making it predominantly Slavic, and affecting Anatolia and the Caucasus as the first Turkic tribes ( Avars, Huns, Khazars, Pechenegs ), as well as Bulgars, and possibly Magyars arrived.

They also saw an elite convert to Judaism ( the Khazars ), only to disappear as the centers of power in the lands once occupied by that elite fell to the people of Rus and then the Mongols.

Although originally hailed as authentic ( notably by Robert Eisler ), it is now almost universally acknowledged by scholars to have been the product of an 11th century creation as part of a larger ideological struggle against the Khazars.

The Khazars ( Old Turkic: 10px10px10px10px10px ) were semi-nomadic Turkic people who established one of the largest polities of medieval Eurasia, with the capital of Atil and territory comprising much of modern-day European Russia, western Kazakhstan, eastern Ukraine, Azerbaijan, large portions of the northern Caucasus ( Circassia, Dagestan ), parts of Georgia, the Crimea, and northeastern Turkey.

Khazars were judged according to Tōra ( orders of the Khagan ; coming from the root Tōr meaning customs ; unwritten law of people in Old Turkic ) ( Modern Turkish: Töre ), while the other tribes were judged according to their own laws.

Then, in 582, Onogur Bulgars settled in southeastern Bessarabia and northern Dobruja, from which they moved to Moesia Inferior ( allegedly under pressure from the Khazars ), and formed the nascent region of Bulgaria.

" Ukrainian and Russian sources also describe Vladimir consulting with Jewish envoys ( who may or may not have been Khazars ), and questioning them about their religion but ultimately rejecting it, saying that their loss of Jerusalem was evidence of their having been abandoned by God.

He escaped from Cherson and received help from Ibusirus Gliabanus ( Busir Glavan ), the khagan of the Khazars, who received him enthusiastically and gave him his sister as a bride.

Leo was the son of Emperor Constantine V by his first wife, Irene of Khazaria ( Tzitzak ), the daughter of a Khagan of the Khazars ( thought to be Bihar ).

It was built at the mouth of the Godlik River in the Byzantine period ( 5th to 8th centuries ), was destroyed by the Khazars and revived by the Genoese in the High Middle Ages.

Among Zuckerman's beliefs and those of others who have analyzed these sources are that the Khazars did not lose Kiev until the early 10th century ( rather than 882, the traditional date ), that Igor was not Rurik's son but rather a more distant descendant, and that Oleg did not immediately follow Rurik, but rather that there is a lost generation between the legendary Varangian lord and his documented successors.

Oghuz Turks ( also known as Turkmens ), Uzbeks, Kazakhs, Khazars, Kyrgyz, Hazara and Uyghurs are some of the Turkic inhabitants of the region who, as history progressed, have spread further into Eurasia forming such Turkic nations as Turkey and Azerbaijan, and subnational regions like Tatarstan in Russia and Crimea in Ukraine.

Under the influence of these Jewish communities, Bulan, the Khagan Bek of the Khazars, and the ruling classes of Khazaria ( located in what is now Ukraine, Southern Russia and Kazakhstan ), adopted Judaism at some point in the mid-to-late 8th or early 9th centuries.

Divided into five essays (" ma ' amarim ," Articles ), it takes the form of an imagined dialogue between the rabbi and a pagan, in this book the pagan was the then mythologized by Jews pagan king of the Khazars who was invited to instruct him in the tenets of the Jewish religion.

The Arabic dictionary Taj al-Arus by al-Zubaidi ( 1790 ) notes that although some Islamic authors make the Khazars descendants of Japheth's son Khasheh ( Meshech ), others hold both the Khazars and Saqaliba ( Slavs ) to have come rather from his brother, Tubal.

The origins of the Balkar people have not yet been definitively established: various hypotheses have associated them with the Huns, the Khazars, the Bulgars ( most probable theory, as the name Balkar and Bulgar are nearly identical ), the Alans, the Zikhs, the Brukhs, the Kipchaks and Cumans the Vengrians, the Chekhs, the Mongol Tatars, the Crimean Tatars, and Turkicized Japhetic groups.

" He also consulted with Jewish envoys ( who may or may not have been Khazars ), questioned them about their religion but ultimately rejected it, saying that their loss of Jerusalem was evidence of their having been abandoned by God.

Constantine VII in the De Administrando Imperio, writes about the Magyar tribes as Turcois (" Turks ", i. e. Khazars ), stating that they spoke a " double language " dialect.

From this land the migration of proto-Magyars progressed west, probably by more than one route, mainly via the Yekaterinburg-gap of the South-Ural mountains ( indicated by cemeteries ), to Levedia and later to Etelköz where they became the allies of the Khazars.

Ibn Kathir ( 1301 – 1373 AD ), the famous commentator of the Qur ' an, identified Gog and Magog with the Khazars who lived between the Black and Caspian Sea in his work Al-Bidayah wa al-Nihayah ( The Beginning and the End ).

The Muslim explorer Ahmad ibn Fadlan, in his travelogue regarding his diplomatic mission in 921 AD to Volga Bulgars ( a vassal of the Khazarian Empire ), noted the beliefs about Gog and Magog being the ancestors of the Khazars.

The Kuzari ( c. 1130-1140 ), a book by the Jewish Spanish philosopher Judah ben Samuel Halevi, features a debate between the King of the Khazars and a Jew, a Christian, and a Muslim theologian in which the King attempts to find out which is the true religion.

Then a strong war-leader arose ( in the Schechter Letter, he is named Sabriel ), who succeeded in having himself named ruler of the Khazars.