* Cléopâtre ( 1899 film ), a French short film written and directed by Georges Méliès

* 1861 – Georges Méliès, French filmmaker and innovator ( d. 1938 )

In his Jack and the Beanstalk ( 1902 ) and Life of an American Fireman he followed earlier films by France's Georges Méliès and members of England's Brighton School, such as James Williamson.

A scene from " A Trip to the Moon | A trip to the moon " ( 1902 ) by Georges Méliès.

By 1898 Georges Méliès was the largest producer of fiction films in France, and from this point onwards his output was almost entirely films featuring trick effects, which were very successful in all markets.

Georges Méliès ( left ) painting a backdrop in his studio

The standard pattern for early film studios was provided by the studio which Georges Méliès had built in 1897.

This film was among those exported to Europe with the first Kinetoscope machines in 1895, and was seen by Georges Méliès, who was putting on magic shows in his Theatre Robert-Houdin in Paris at the time.

After this, Georges Méliès made many single shot films using this trick over the next couple of years.

Georges Méliès first used superimposition on a dark background in la Caverne maudite ( The Cave of the Demons ) made a couple of months later in 1898, and then elaborated it further with multiple superimpositions in the one shot in l ' Homme de têtes ( The Troublesome Heads ).

Films of acted reproductions of scenes from the Greco-Turkish war were made by Georges Méliès in 1897, and although sold separately, these were no doubt shown in continuous sequence by exhibitors.

The multi-shot films that Georges Méliès made in 1899 were much longer than those made by anybody else, but l ' Affaire Dreyfus ( The Dreyfus Case ) and Cendrillon ( Cinderella ) still contained no action moving from one shot to the next one.

When he began making longer films in 1902, he put a dissolve between every shot, just as Georges Méliès was already doing, and he frequently had the same action repeated across the dissolves.

In 1903 there was a substantial increase in the number of women film several minutes long unclear, as a result of the great popularity of Georges Méliès ’ le Voyage dans la lune ( A Trip to the Moon ), which came out in early 1902, though such films were still a very minor part of production.

The early days of the industry, from 1896 to 1902, saw the dominance of four firms: Pathé Frères, the Gaumont Film Company, the Georges Méliès company, and the Lumières.

The first depictions of supernatural events appear in several of the silent shorts created by the film pioneer Georges Méliès in the late 1890s, the best known being Le Manoir du diable ( aka, The Haunted Castle, 1896 ) which is sometimes credited as being the first horror film.

Romeo and Juliet was first filmed in the silent era, by Georges Méliès, although his film is now lost.

Hand coloring was often used in the early " trick " and fantasy films of Europe, especially those by Georges Méliès.

The " Edison Trust ", as it was nicknamed, was made up of Edison, Biograph, Essanay Studios, Kalem Company, George Kleine Productions, Lubin Studios, Georges Méliès, Pathé, Selig Studios, and Vitagraph Studios, and dominated distribution through the General Film Company.

French trick film maestro Georges Méliès used true stop motion to produce moving title-card letters for one of his short films, but never exploited the process for any of his other films.

* December 8 – Georges Méliès, French film director ( d. 1938 )

# REDIRECT Georges Méliès

* French — Burguet, Paul Henry: The Imprint, or The Red Hand ( 1908 ; Gaston Séverin plays Pierrot ); Carné, Marcel: Children of Paradise ( 1945 ; see above under The Pantomime of Deburau at the Théâtre des Funambules ); Carré fils, Michel: The Prodigal Son a. k. a. Pierrot the Prodigal ( 1907 ; the first feature-length film and the first film of a stage-play Carré's pantomime of 1890 ; George Wague plays Pierrot père ); Feuillade, Louis: Pierrot's Projector ( 1909 ), Pierrot, Pierrette ( 1924 ); Guitry, Sacha: Deburau ( 1951 ; based upon Guitry's own stage-play # Plays, playlets, pantomimes, and revues | Plays, playlets, pantomimes, and revues above ); Guy, Alice: Pierrot, Murderer ( 1904 ); Leprince, René: Pierrot Loves Roses ( 1910 ); Méliès, Georges: By Moonlight, or The Unfortunate Pierrot ( 1904 ).

In 1896, French magician Georges Méliès accidentally discovered the same " stop trick.

Kurt Schwitters developed what he called sound poems, while Francis Picabia and Georges Ribemont-Dessaignes composed Dada music performed at the Festival Dada in Paris on 26 May 1920.

The science became established in the 18th century as a result of Georges Cuvier's work on comparative anatomy, and developed rapidly in the 19th century.

During the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, a controversy exported from Geology, between supporters of James Hutton ( uniformitarianism Thesis ) and Georges Cuvier ( catastrophism ) strongly influenced the field of geography, because geography at this time was a natural science since Human Geography or Antropogeography had just developed as a discipline in the late nineteenth century.

Analytic cubism ( 1909 – 1912 ) is a style of painting Picasso developed along with Georges Braque using monochrome brownish and neutral colors.

The group seems to have adopted the name Section d ' Or to distinguish themselves from the narrower definition of Cubism developed in parallel by Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque in the Montmartre quarter of Paris, and to show that Cubism, rather than being an isolated art-form, represented the continuation of a grand tradition ( indeed, the golden ratio had fascinated Western intellectuals of diverse interests for at least 2, 400 years ).

This view of the 3-sphere is the basis for the study of elliptic space as developed by Georges Lemaître

Within the Articulata concept developed by Georges Cuvier, the velvet worms therefore formed an evolutionary link between the annelids and the arthropods: worm-like precursors first developed parapodia, which then developed further into stub feet as an intermediate link in the ultimate development of the arthropods ' appendages.

** Sport spearfishing became common in the Mediterranean, and spearfishers gradually developed the common sport diving mask and fins and snorkel, with Georges Beuchat in Marseille, France, which created the speargun and Italian sport spearfishers started using oxygen rebreathers.

By listening at the door of the room where Adolphe conducted his classes, Georges learned to sing difficult songs accurately from memory, and developed an ability to identify and analyse complex chordal structures.

In 1934, René Commeinhes developed a firefighter's breathing apparatus that was adapted by his son Georges to diving in 1937.

During the 80's Georges Vriz developed a new technique called piercing.

Searching for a way to reestablish himself, Saccard is struck by plans developed by his upstairs neighbor, the engineer Georges Hamelin, who dreams of restoring Christianity to the Middle East through great public works: rail lines linking important cities, improved roads and transportation, renovated eastern Mediterranean ports, and fleets of modern ships to move goods around the world.

Georges Seurat and Paul Signac developed the technique in 1886, branching from Impressionism.

While her work shows the influence of Cubist painters Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque, who was her close friend, she developed a unique approach to abstraction which often centered on the representation of groups of women and female portraits.

Influenced by socialist politician Jean Jaurès and historian Albert Mathiez, historians such as Georges Lefebvre and Albert Soboul developed this view.

The theory of kriging was developed by the French mathematician Georges Matheron based on the Master's thesis of Danie G. Krige, the pioneering plotter of distance-weighted average gold grades at the Witwatersrand reef complex.

Georges's circulation developed strong banding features around a well-organized Central Dense Overcast, and with the aid of a developing anti-cyclone, Georges attained hurricane status late on September 17.

A banding eye developed, and Georges reached major hurricane strength on September 19 while 675 mi ( 1085 km ) east-southeast of Guadeloupe.

He quickly developed his technique on the keyboard as well, taking influence from pianists such as Franz Liszt, Art Tatum and Georges Cziffra.

In 1968, Georges Charpak, while at the European Organization for Nuclear Research in CERN, invented and developed the multi-wire proportional chamber ( MWPC ).

It was as part of this quest that in 1975 he, together with Georges Köhler ( a postdoctoral fellow in his laboratory ), developed the hybridoma technique for the production of monoclonal antibodies — a discovery recognised by the award of the 1984 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine.

Georges Demeny, Marey ’ s assistant, developed even further applications for the reproduction of movement, primarily in creating a simple projector called the stroboscope.