The infamous Wansee Conference called by Heydrich in January 1942, to organize the material and technical means to put to death the eleven million Jews spread throughout the nations of Europe, was attended by representatives of major organs of the German state, including the Reich Minister of the Interior, the State Secretary in charge of the Four Year Plan, the Reich Minister of Justice, the Under Secretary of Foreign Affairs.

First documented in the 13th century, Berlin was the capital of the Kingdom of Prussia ( 1701 – 1918 ), the German Empire ( 1871 – 1918 ), the Weimar Republic ( 1919 – 1933 ) and the Third Reich ( 1933 – 1945 ).

With the dissolution of the German Confederation in 1866 and the founding of the German Empire ( Deutsches Reich ) in 1871, the Reichstag was established as the German parliament in Berlin.

Some historians were prepared to go even further, claiming that blitzkrieg was not merely an operational doctrine of the German armed forces but a strategic concept on which the leadership of the Third Reich based its strategic and economic planning.

Milward argued the German Reich could not fight a long war, so it deliberately refrained from arming in depth, to arming in breadth, to enable it to win a series of quick victories.

( 2005 ) The German Way in War: From the Thirty Years War to the Third Reich, University of Kansa Press.

In the last year of his life Austria was brought into the German Reich by the Anschluss, and Schmidt was fêted by the Nazi authorities as the greatest living composer of the so-called Ostmark.

The trading policies of the Third Reich aimed at discouraging trade with countries outside the German sphere of influence, while making southern Europe largely dependent on Germany.

While the Kingdom of Prussia contained most of the population and most of the territory of the Reich, the Prussian leadership became supplanted by German leaders and Prussia itself played a lesser role.

Die Proklamation des Deutschen Kaiserreiches by Anton von Werner ( 1877 ), depicting the proclamation of the foundation of the German Reich ( 18 January 1871, Palace of Versailles ). Left, on the podium ( in black ): Crown Prince Frederick ( later Frederick III, German Emperor | Frederick III ), his father Emperor William I, German Emperor | William I, and Frederick I, Grand Duke of Baden | Frederick I of Baden, proposing a toast to the new emperor. Centre ( in white ): Otto von Bismarck, first Chancellor of Germany, Helmuth von Moltke the Elder, Prussian Chief of Staff.

In late 1933, the Reich Interior Minister Wilhelm Frick wanted to integrate all the police forces of the German states under his control.

In 1525, the Heilbronn reform plan – the most advanced document of the German Peasants ' War ( Deutscher Bauernkrieg ) – referred to the Reich as von Teutscher Nation ( of German nation ).

After Germany was united by Otto von Bismarck into the " Second German Reich ", he determined German politics until 1890.

Four weeks later, 99 % of Austrians voted in favour of the annexation ( Anschluss ) of their country Austria to the German Reich.

At the Munich Conference of September 1938, Hitler, the Italian leader Benito Mussolini, British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain and French Prime Minister Édouard Daladier agreed upon the cession of Sudeten territory to the German Reich by Czechoslovakia.

After annexing the Sudetenland border country of Czechoslovakia ( October 1938 ), and taking over the rest of the Czech lands as a protectorate ( March 1939 ), the German Reich and the Soviet Union invaded Poland on first September 1939 predominantly as part of the Wehrmacht operation codenamed Fall Weiss.

In this year, the Empire also received its new title, the Heiliges Römisches Reich Deutscher Nation (" Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation ").

On 4 October 1943, during a secret meeting with top SS officials in the city of Poznań ( Posen ), and on 6 October 1943, in a speech to the party elite — the Gau and Reich leaders — Himmler referred explicitly to the " extermination " ( German: Ausrottung ) of the Jewish people.

He was disturbed by what had happened on the dive and by what he remembered of a conversation he had had the night before with the German, who had come out of the head while he was fixing himself a drink in the galley.

On his father's side he was of German descent, on his mother's he came of the old Swedish nobility.

At Stettin the university-educated artist, who had studied German, was chosen to serve as interpreter and clerk in the office of the Stalag commander.

He dabbled in verse, could get along well among most of the European languages, and was fluent in French and German.

His Italian journey was a poet's version of those perennial thrusts across the Alps of the German emperors of the Middle Ages.

A professor at the University of Constantinople, where his first course of lectures was on Nietzsche and the `` philosophy of action '', Vincent Berger becomes head of the propaganda department of the German Embassy in Turkey.

As an Alsatian before the first World War he was of course of German nationality ; ;

As was to be expected Kennedy's latest speech was greeted with enthusiasm by revenge-seeking circles in Bonn, where officials of the West German government praised it ''.

The weekly loss is partly counterbalanced by 500 arrivals each week from West Germany, but the hard truth, says Crossman, is that `` The closing off of East Berlin without interference from the West and with the use only of East German, as distinct from Russian, troops was a major Communist victory, which dealt West Berlin a deadly, possibly a fatal, blow.

Other brothers later joined them for instruction with Oldenburg, the wigmaker, and also arithmetic was added to Bible reading, German, and Danish in the informal curriculum.

In Berlin he published his views of the chemical laws of nature in German and this was issued in French translation ( Paris, 1813 ) under the title Recherches Sur l'identite Des Forces chimiques et electriques, a work held in very high esteem by the new generation of research chemists.

The moving of millions of the German master-race, from the very heart of Junkerdom, to make room for the Polish Slavs whom they had enslaved and openly planned to exterminate was a drastic operation, but there was little doubt that it was historically justified.

The injured German veteran was a former miner, twenty-four years old, who had been wounded by shrapnel in the back of the head.

It was getting on toward 7 o'clock and the German Me-210 plane had been and gone on its eighth straight visit.

He was almost positive it was not Assyrian nor Cassite, and imagined it must have been German or English.

In other words, the promulgators of the murder plan made clear that physically exterminating the Jews was but an extension of the anti-Semitic measures already operating in every phase of German life, and that the new conspiracy counted on the general anti-Semitism that had made those measures effective, as a readiness for murder.

The trial will be held, probably the first week of March, in the famous Old Bailey central criminal court where Klaus Fuchs, the naturalized British German born scientist who succeeded in giving American and British atomic bomb secrets to Russia and thereby changed world history during the 1950s, was sentenced to 14 years in prison.

Seventeen years ago today, German scientist Willy Fiedler climbed into a makeshift cockpit installed in a V-1 rocket-bomb that was attached to the underbelly of a Heinkel bomber.

Last week, in the German city of Dusseldorf, G. David Thompson was making headlines that could well give Pittsburgh pause.

He also used as an example the manufacturer who introduced an all-automatic camera in Germany, with the result that it became the best selling camera in the German market.

Words primarily used in Austria are Jänner ( January ) rather than Januar, heuer ( this year ) rather than dieses Jahr, Stiege ( stairs ) instead of Treppe, Rauchfang ( chimney ) instead of Schornstein, many administrative, legal and political terms – and a whole series of foods and vegetables such as: Erdäpfel ( potatoes ) German Kartoffeln ( but Dutch Aardappel ), Schlagobers ( whipped cream ) German Schlagsahne, Faschiertes ( ground beef ) German Hackfleisch, Fisolen ( green beans ) German Gartenbohne ( but Czech fazole and Italian fagioli ), Karfiol ( cauliflower ) German Blumenkohl ( but Italian cavolfiore ), Kohlsprossen ( Brussels sprouts ) German Rosenkohl, Marillen ( apricots ) German Aprikosen but Slovak marhuľa, Paradeiser ( tomatoes ) German Tomaten, Palatschinken ( pancakes ) German Pfannkuchen ( but Czech palačinky ), Topfen ( a semi-sweet cottage cheese ) German Quark and Kren ( horseradish ) German Meerrettich ( but Czech křen ).

The term Angst distinguishes itself from the word Furcht ( German for " fear ") in that Furcht is a negative anticipation regarding a concrete threat, while Angst is a ( possibly nondirectional ) emotion, though the terms are colloquially sometimes used synonymously.

The term for the mountain peaks varies by nation and language: words such as horn, kogel, gipfel, and berg are used in German speaking regions: mont and aguille in French speaking regions ; and monte or cima in Italian speaking regions.

At the start of World War I, thousands of the French Cuirassiers rode out to engage the German Cavalry who likewise used helmets and armour.

If this article / noun pair is used as the object of a verb, it ( usually ) changes to the accusative case, which entails an article shift in German – Ich sehe den Wagen.

Battalions of assault guns, usually StuG IIIs, commonly replaced the intended panzer battalion in the German panzergrenadier divisions due to the chronic shortage of tanks, and were sometimes used as makeshifts even in the panzer divisions.

As the amount of German armour encountered by the Allies decreased, especially in Italy, a number of American tank destroyer units were used in the assault gun role for infantry support.

However, the small 37 mm gun would not be effective against the front armor of German tanks so as an armored car, designated M8 Light Armored Car, it was used for reconnaissance instead.

A predecessor of the WW2 German " 88 " anti-aircraft gun, the WWI German 77 mm anti-aircraft gun, was truck-mounted and used to great effect against British tanks.

Although used during the Normandy landings, by that point German aircraft were contained by the Allies own air forces and they were largely unneeded.

* Flakpanzer, a collective term for German anti-aircraft tanks, particularly those used in World War II.

An image of the Indian rhinoceros, the image has such force that it remains one of his best-known and was still used in some German school science text-books as late as last century.

In all his theoretical works, in order to communicate his theories in the German language, rather than Latin, Dürer used graphic expressions based on a vernacular, craftsmen's language.