Throughout the 19th century, these anti-Napoleonic Freikorps were greatly praised and glorified by German nationalists, and a heroic myth built up around their exploits.

Finnish nationalists leaning on Germanism had been seeking German aid in freeing Finland from Russian hegemony since Autumn 1917, but the Germans did not want to prejudice their armistice and peace negotiations with Russia because of the pressure they were facing at the Western front.

In 1863 – 64, disputes between Prussia and Denmark grew over Schleswig, which was not part of the German Confederation, and which Danish nationalists wanted to incorporate into the Danish kingdom.

German nationalists feared the Polonization of the Prussian East.

After 1871 Masurians who expressed sympathy for Poland were deemed " national traitors " by German nationalists ( this increased especially after 1918 ) According to Stefan Berger after 1871 the Masurians in the German Empire were seen in a view that while acknowledging their " objective " Polishness ( in terms of culture and language ) they felt " subjectively " German and thus should be tightly integrated into German nation-state ; to Berger this argument went directly against the German nationalist demands in Alsace where Alsatians were declared German despite their " subjective " choice.

Berger concludes that such the arguments of German nationalists were simply aimed at gaining as much territory as possible into German Reich.

Jerzy Lanc, a teacher and Polish national who had moved to Masuria in 1931 to establish a Polish school in Piassutten ( Piasutno ), died in his home of carbon monoxide poisoning, most likely murdered by local German nationalists.

As the leader of what historians call " revolutionary conservatism " Bismarck became a hero to German nationalists ; they built hundreds of monuments glorifying the iconic symbol of powerful conservative leadership.

In France, Coubertin's efforts to elicit interest in the Games among athletes and the press met difficulty, largely because the participation of German athletes angered French nationalists who begrudged Germany their victory in the Franco-Prussian War.

Similarly, German nationalists spoke of a stab in the back having cost them the loss of World War I.

Even though many Danish nationalists, such as the National Liberal ideologue and agitator Orla Lehmann, used the name " Schleswig ", it began to assume a clear German nationalist character in the mid 19th century – especially when included in the combined term " Schleswig-Holstein ".

Like many other German nationalists, Hitler believed in the stab-in-the-back myth, which claimed that the army, " undefeated in the field ," had been " stabbed in the back " by civilian leaders and Marxists back on the home front, later dubbed the November Criminals.

Despite his influence, Marr's ideas were not immediately adopted by German nationalists.

With the intensification of Germanization and anti-Polish politics in the German Empire in the late 19th and early 20th century, the ethnically mixed region of Upper Silesia became affected by growing tensions between German and Polish nationalists.

Baltic German outlying estates were frequent targets of local Bolsheviks ( as portrayed in the film, Coup de Grâce ) and the combination of local Bolsheviks and extreme nationalists following independence brought about land nationalisations and a displacement of Baltic Germans from positions of authority.

German nationalists found Irving, as a non-German Holocaust denier, to be particularly credible.

In 1848, revolutions by liberals and nationalists were a failed attempt to establish a unified German state.

In domestic politics, Bethmann Hollweg's record was also mixed, and his policy of the " diagonal ", which endeavoured to maneuver between the Socialists and Liberals of the left and the right-wing nationalists of the right, only succeeded in alienating most of the German political establishment.

Since attack serves to stimulate interest in broadcasts, I added to my opening statement a sentence in which I claimed that German youth seemed to lack the enthusiasm which is a necessary ingredient of anger, and might be classified as uninterested and bored rather than angry.

He later developed plans for massive, independent tank operations, which he claimed was subsequently studied by the German military.

Also, while in New Guinea, he visited the Lutheran missionaries Otto Thiele and Christian Keyser, in the Finschhafen district ; there, while in conversation with his hosts, he uncovered the discrepancies in Hermann Detzner's popular book, Four Years among the Cannibals in German Guinea from 1914 to the Truce, in which Detzner claimed to have seen the interior, discovered several species of flora and fauna, while remaining only steps ahead of the Australian patrols sent to capture him.

In April 1917, during a brief period of German aerial supremacy, a grandstanding Member of Parliament ( upset at the lack of orders for his own aircraft manufacturing firm ) claimed that, on the Western Front, a British pilot's average life expectancy was 93 flying hours, or about three weeks of active service.

While Fascism claimed that corporatism gave workers power alongside employer in workplaces in reality the concept of " Fuhrerprinzip " gave employers and State-appointed workplace managers absolute control over the workplace as dictated by the State-owned German Labor Front ; based on the Social Darwinist ideology that certain individuals are " gifted " and " born to rule ", employers thought to be part of that group.

Critics of the East German state have claimed that the state's commitment to communism was a hollow and cynical tool Machiavellian in nature, but this assertion has been challenged by studies that have found that the East German leadership was genuinely committed to the advance of scientific knowledge, economic development, and social progress.

Critics of the East German state have claimed that the state's commitment to communism was a hollow and cynical tool of a ruling elite.

In a foreword to his essay Ludwig Feuerbach and the End of Classical German Philosophy ( 1886 ), three years after Marx's death, Engels claimed confidently that " In the meantime, the Marxist world outlook has found representatives far beyond the boundaries of Germany and Europe and in all the literary languages of the world.

There is even a theory that Hitler ordered a research journey for such an opening in Antarctica, based on a speech of Admiral Dönitz in front of a German submarine in 1944, when he claimed " The German submarine fleet is proud of having built an invisible fortification for the Führer, anywhere in the world.

Another notable ( and defiant ) phrase in the speech was also spoken in German, " Lass ' sie nach Berlin kommen " (" Let them come to Berlin ")-- addressed at those who claimed " we can work with the Communists ", a remark which Nikita Khrushchev scoffed at only days later.

They came from a claimed " 53 nations " to fight against the Spanish Nationalist forces led by General Francisco Franco and assisted by German and Italian forces.

During all this time, Ribbentrop feuded with various other Nazi leaders ; at one point in August 1939 an armed clash took place between supporters of Ribbentrop and those of Propaganda Minister Joseph Goebbels over the control of a radio station in Berlin that was meant to broadcast German propaganda abroad ( Goebbels claimed exclusive control of all propaganda both at home and abroad whereas Ribbentrop asserted a claim to monopolize all German propaganda abroad ).

However she always claimed this film was a sub-set of " Triumph of the Will " added to mollify the German army which felt it was not represented well in the 1934 filming of " Triumph of the Will ".

Responding to a question by The Times film critic Kate Muir about his German roots and his comments in a Danish film magazine about the Nazi aesthetic, von Trier claimed to have some sympathy for and understanding of Adolf Hitler, and then jokingly claimed to be a Nazi himself:

In 1939, the German Colonial Gazette ( of Angola ) published a letter by Frau Ilse von Nolde, who asserted that she had heard of the animal called " coye ya menia " (" water lion ") from many claimed eyewitnesses, both natives and settlers.

It has been claimed that the German authorities, under the leadership of Chancellor Willy Brandt and Minister for the Interior Hans-Dietrich Genscher, rejected Israel's offer to send an Israeli special forces unit to Germany.

Under protest from the PLO, Iraq, and Libya, who claimed that because Abu Daoud was traveling to a PLO comrade's funeral he should receive diplomatic immunity, the French government refused a West German extradition request on grounds that forms had not been filled in properly, and put him on a plane to Algeria before Germany could submit another request.

Succession to the duchies of Schleswig and Holstein was disputed ; they were claimed by Christian IX ( Frederick VII's heir as King ) and by Frederick von Augustenburg ( a German duke ).

German propaganda claimed the Red Army was preparing to attack them, and their own invasion was thus presented as pre-emptive.

The patrimonium was routinely threatened by Hohenstaufen German kings who, as Roman emperors, claimed it for themselves.

West German estimates were much higher: in 1966 the West German Ministry for Inter-German Affairs claimed that 383 people died in the uprising, including 116 " functionaries of the SED regime ", with an additional 106 executed under martial law or later condemned to death, while 1, 838 were injured and 5, 100 arrested, 1, 200 of these later being sentenced to a total of 6, 000 years in penal camps.

In addition, there is a small community of Danish speakers in Southern Schleswig, the portion of Germany bordering Denmark, where it is an officially recognised regional language, just as German is north of the border.

Three wars led to military successes and helped to convince German people to do this: the Second war of Schleswig against Denmark in 1864, the Austro-Prussian War against Austria in 1866, and the Franco-Prussian War against the Second French Empire in 1870 – 71.

Three wars led to military successes and helped to persuade German people to do this: the Second war of Schleswig against Denmark in 1864, the Austro-Prussian War in 1866, and the Franco-Prussian War against France in 1870 – 71.

During the 19th century, after Schleswig-Holstein had come under the government of Prussia ( from 1871 the German Empire ) following the Second Schleswig War in 1864, a combination of naval interests — the German navy wanted to link its bases in the Baltic and the North Sea without the need to sail around Denmark — and commercial pressure encouraged the development of a new canal.

The language area comprises the North German states of Lower Saxony, North Rhine-Westphalia ( the Westphalian part ), Bremen, Hamburg, Schleswig-Holstein and Saxony-Anhalt ( the northwestern areas around Magdeburg ) as well as the northeast of The Netherlands ( i. e. Dutch Low Saxon, spoken in Groningen, Drenthe, Overijssel and northern Gelderland ) and the Schleswigsch dialect spoken by the North Schleswig Germans in the southernmost part of Denmark.

As a result of the Peace of Prague ( 1866 ), the German Confederation was dissolved ; Prussia annexed Schleswig, Holstein, Frankfurt, Hanover, Hesse-Kassel ( or Hesse-Cassel ), and Nassau ; and Austria promised not to intervene in German affairs.

* November 18 – King Christian IX of Denmark signs the November constitution, which declares Schleswig to be part of Denmark, regarded by the German Confederation as a violation of the London Protocol of 1852, leading to the German – Danish war of 1864.

Both Schleswig and Holstein were therefore administered from Copenhagen, even after the Empire's dissolution, when the Danish kings as dukes of Holstein became monarchs of the German Confederation in 1815.

Though the status quo was restored, the conflict lingered on and on 1 February 1864 the German Confederation, i. e. Prussian and Austrian troops crossed the Eider sparking off the Second Schleswig War, after which Denmark had to cede Schleswig and Holstein according to the Treaty of Vienna.

Not until the German defeat in World War I the Schleswig Plebiscites were decreed by the Treaty of Versailles, after which the present-day German-Danish border was drawn taking effect on 15 June 1920, dividing Schleswig in a southern and northern part and leaving a considerable Danish and German minority on both sides.

Southern Schleswig is part of the German state ( Bundesland ) of Schleswig-Holstein, therefore its denotation as Landesteil Schleswig.

This created a new cultural dividing line in the duchy because German was used for church services and teaching in the diocese of Schleswig and Danish was used in the diocese of Ribe and the archdeaconry of Haderslev.

From around 1800 to 1840 the Danish speaking population on the Angeln peninsula between Schleswig and Flensburg began to switch to Low German and in the same period many North Frisians also switched to Low German.

This caused a conflict between Denmark and the German states over Schleswig and Holstein which led to the Schleswig-Holstein Question of the 19th century.