Given a function f ∈ I < sub > x </ sub > ( a smooth function vanishing at x ) we can form the linear functional df < sub > x </ sub > as above.

Given a subset X of a manifold M and a subset Y of a manifold N, a function f: X → Y is said to be smooth if for all p in X there is a neighborhood of p and a smooth function g: U → N such that the restrictions agree ( note that g is an extension of f ).

) Given a smooth Φ < sup > t </ sup >, an autonomous vector field can be derived from it.

Given a vector v in R < sup > n </ sup > one defines the directional derivative of a smooth map ƒ: R < sup > n </ sup >→ R at a point x by

Given a smooth curve γ on ( M, g ) and a vector field V along γ its derivative is defined by

Given two tensor bundles E → M and F → M, a map A: Γ ( E ) → Γ ( F ) from the space of sections of E to sections of F can be considered itself as a tensor section of if and only if it satisfies A ( fs ,...) = fA ( s ,...) in each argument, where f is a smooth function on M. Thus a tensor is not only a linear map on the vector space of sections, but a C < sup >∞</ sup >( M )- linear map on the module of sections.

Given a complex hermitian vector bundle V of complex rank n over a smooth manifold M,

Given a manifold M representing ( continuous / smooth / with certain boundary conditions / etc.

Given a local smooth frame ( e < sub > 1 </ sub >, …, e < sub > k </ sub >) of E over U, any section σ of E can be written as ( Einstein notation assumed ).

Given a cobordism there exists a smooth function such that.

* Given a smooth formal group, one can construct a formal group law and a field by choosing a uniformizing set of sections.

Let E be a rank k vector bundle over a smooth manifold M and let ∇ be a connection on E. Given a piecewise smooth loop γ: → M based at x in M, the connection defines a parallel transport map P < sub > γ </ sub >: E < sub > x </ sub > → E < sub > x </ sub >.

Given a smooth map φ: M → N and a vector field X on M, it is not usually possible to define a pushforward of X by φ as a vector field on N. For example, if the map φ is not surjective, there is no natural way to define such a pushforward outside of the image of φ.

Given both Einstein's equations and suitable equations for the properties of matter, such a solution consists of a specific semi-Riemannian manifold ( usually defined by giving the metric in specific coordinates ), and specific matter fields defined on that manifold.

Given a differentiable manifold, one can unambiguously define the notion of tangent vectors and then directional derivatives.

Given a differentiable manifold M, a vector field on M is an assignment of a tangent vector to each point in M. More precisely, a vector field F is a mapping from M into the tangent bundle TM so that is the identity mapping

Given any coordinate chart about some point on the manifold, the above identities may be written in terms of the components of the Riemann tensor at this point as:

Given a local coordinate system x < sup > i </ sup > on the manifold, the reference axes for the coordinate system are the vector fields

Given an orientable Haken manifold M, by definition it contains an orientable, incompressible surface S. Take the regular neighborhood of S and delete its interior from M. In effect, we've cut M along the surface S. ( This is analogous, in one less dimension, to cutting a surface along a circle or arc.

Given a Riemannian manifold and two linearly independent tangent vectors at the same point, u and v, we can define

Given a Riemannian manifold with metric tensor, we can compute the Ricci tensor, which collects averages of sectional curvatures into a kind of " trace " of the Riemann curvature tensor.

Given a manifold and a Lie algebra valued 1-form, over it, we can define a family of p-forms:

* Given the action of a Lie algebra g on a manifold M, the set of g-invariant vector fields on M is a Lie algebroid over the space of orbits of the action.

* Given any manifold, there is a Lie groupoid called the pair groupoid, with as the manifold of objects, and precisely one morphism from any object to any other.

* Given a Lie group acting on a manifold, there is a Lie groupoid called the translation groupoid with one morphism for each triple with.

Given an oriented manifold M of dimension n with fundamental class, and a G-bundle with characteristic classes, one can pair a product of characteristic classes of total degree n with the fundamental class.

Given a manifold with a submanifold, one sometimes says can be knotted in if there exists an embedding of in which is not isotopic to.

A more general class are flat G-bundles with for a manifold F. Given a representation, the flat-bundle with monodromy is given by, where acts on the universal cover by deck transformations and on F by means of the representation.

Given two oriented submanifolds of complementary dimensions in a simply connected manifold of dimension, one can apply an isotopy to one of the submanifolds so that all the points of intersection have the same sign.

Given a function on, one may " geometrize " it by taking it to define a new manifold.

Given a statistical manifold, with coordinates given by, one writes for the probability distribution.

* Given an R-module M, the endomorphism ring of M, denoted End < sub > R </ sub >( M ) is an R-algebra by defining ( r · φ )( x ) = r · φ ( x ).

Given two manifolds M and N, a bijective map f from M to N is called a diffeomorphism if both

Given an evaluation e of variables by elements of M < sub > w </ sub >, we

Given a system of n-dimensional variables ( physical variables ), in k ( physical ) dimensions, write the dimensional matrix M, whose rows are the dimensions and whose columns are the variables: the ( i, j ) th entry is the power of the ith unit in the jth variable.

Given two complexes M < sub >*</ sub > and N < sub >*</ sub >, a chain map between the two is a series of homomorphisms from M < sub > i </ sub > to N < sub > i </ sub > such that the entire diagram involving the boundary maps of M and N commutes.

Given an SVD of M, as described above, the following two relations hold:

Given a set M of molecules, chemical reactions can be roughly defined as pairs r =( A, B ) of subsets from M.

Given a Hermitian form Ψ on a complex vector space V, the unitary group U ( Ψ ) is the group of transforms that preserve the form: the transform M such that Ψ ( Mv, Mw ) = Ψ ( v, w ) for all v, w ∈ V. In terms of matrices, representing the form by a matrix denoted, this says that.

Given the morphological distinctness of the Cape Verde birds and the fact that the Cape Verde population was isolated from other populations of Red Kites, it cannot be conclusively resolved at this time whether the Cape Verde population was not a distinct subspecies ( as M. migrans fasciicauda ) or even species that frequently absorbed stragglers from the migrating European populations into its gene pool.

Given such a G-module M, it is natural to consider the subgroup of G-invariant elements: