Given a statistical ensemble of quantum mechanical systems with the density matrix, it is given by

Given a parameter or hypothesis about which one wishes to make inference, statistical inference most often uses:

Given that the validity of conclusions drawn from a statistical analysis depend on the validity of any assumptions made, it is clearly important that these assumptions should be reviewed at some stage.

Given these unique characteristics, for statistical purposes the county is included as a municipality within the Washington Metropolitan Area by the United States Census Bureau.

Given that some common statistical packages ( e. g., SAS, SPSS ) do not provide likelihood ratio test statistics, it can be more difficult to assess the contribution of individual predictors in the multiple logistic regression case.

Given the observed percentage difference p − q ( 2 % or 0. 02 ) and the standard error of the difference calculated above (. 03 ), any statistical calculator may be used to calculate the probability that a sample from a normal distribution with mean 0. 02 and standard deviation 0. 03 is greater than 0.

Given a sufficiently large sample size, a statistical comparison will always show a significant difference unless the population effect size is exactly zero.

Given an-element array with an ordering relation as an input for the sorting, consider it as a collection of cards, with the ( unknown in the beginning ) statistical ordering of each element serving as its index.

Given their regulations, colleges are enforcing statistical proportionality .... Common sense and poll data suggest that men are more interested in playing sports than women.

Given a subset X of a manifold M and a subset Y of a manifold N, a function f: X → Y is said to be smooth if for all p in X there is a neighborhood of p and a smooth function g: U → N such that the restrictions agree ( note that g is an extension of f ).

Given both Einstein's equations and suitable equations for the properties of matter, such a solution consists of a specific semi-Riemannian manifold ( usually defined by giving the metric in specific coordinates ), and specific matter fields defined on that manifold.

Given a differentiable manifold, one can unambiguously define the notion of tangent vectors and then directional derivatives.

Given a differentiable manifold M, a vector field on M is an assignment of a tangent vector to each point in M. More precisely, a vector field F is a mapping from M into the tangent bundle TM so that is the identity mapping

Given any coordinate chart about some point on the manifold, the above identities may be written in terms of the components of the Riemann tensor at this point as:

Given a local coordinate system x < sup > i </ sup > on the manifold, the reference axes for the coordinate system are the vector fields

Given an orientable Haken manifold M, by definition it contains an orientable, incompressible surface S. Take the regular neighborhood of S and delete its interior from M. In effect, we've cut M along the surface S. ( This is analogous, in one less dimension, to cutting a surface along a circle or arc.

Given a Riemannian manifold and two linearly independent tangent vectors at the same point, u and v, we can define

Given a Riemannian manifold with metric tensor, we can compute the Ricci tensor, which collects averages of sectional curvatures into a kind of " trace " of the Riemann curvature tensor.

Given a complex hermitian vector bundle V of complex rank n over a smooth manifold M,

Given a manifold and a Lie algebra valued 1-form, over it, we can define a family of p-forms:

Given a manifold M representing ( continuous / smooth / with certain boundary conditions / etc.

* Given the action of a Lie algebra g on a manifold M, the set of g-invariant vector fields on M is a Lie algebroid over the space of orbits of the action.

* Given any manifold, there is a Lie groupoid called the pair groupoid, with as the manifold of objects, and precisely one morphism from any object to any other.

* Given a Lie group acting on a manifold, there is a Lie groupoid called the translation groupoid with one morphism for each triple with.

Given an oriented manifold M of dimension n with fundamental class, and a G-bundle with characteristic classes, one can pair a product of characteristic classes of total degree n with the fundamental class.

Given a manifold with a submanifold, one sometimes says can be knotted in if there exists an embedding of in which is not isotopic to.

A more general class are flat G-bundles with for a manifold F. Given a representation, the flat-bundle with monodromy is given by, where acts on the universal cover by deck transformations and on F by means of the representation.

Given a smooth 4n-dimensional manifold M and a collection of natural numbers

Given two oriented submanifolds of complementary dimensions in a simply connected manifold of dimension, one can apply an isotopy to one of the submanifolds so that all the points of intersection have the same sign.

Given a function on, one may " geometrize " it by taking it to define a new manifold.

: Given any set X of pairwise disjoint non-empty sets, there exists at least one set C that contains exactly one element in common with each of the sets in X.

* Given an algebraic number, there is a unique monic polynomial ( with rational coefficients ) of least degree that has the number as a root.

Given two subspaces with, this leads to a definition of angles called canonical or principal angles between subspaces.

While tests have been done to support this with fixed pieces of flat metal, the result is inconclusive with respect to the curved armour of the period. Given the following actions of the archers, it seems likely Froissart was correct.

Given this influence, it is unfortunate that many of the details of his life remain shrouded in mystery, perhaps forever ; even the only known picture of him, shown above, is heavily retouched, with a fake tie painted in by hand.

Given the opportunity, adults eat hatchlings, which may be protected by separating the two groups with a net, breeding box or separate tank.

Love and Erlandson continued to pursue with the band, and released the single " Be A Man "— an outtake from the Celebrity Skin sessions — for the soundtrack of the Oliver Stone film Any Given Sunday ( 1999 ).

Given that many journeys are for relatively short distances, there is considerable scope to replace car use with walking or cycling, though in many settings this may require some infrastructure modification, particularly to attract the less experienced and confident.

Given an asymmetric subunit on a triangular face of a regular isosahedron, with three subunits per face 60 such subunits can be placed in an equivalent manner.

Given the bias of the Victorian age, female students were denied direct study in anatomy and could not attend drawing classes with live models ( who were often prostitutes ) until a decade later.

Given the small population of the region ( compared with the Central Canadian provinces or the New England states ), the regional economy is a net exporter of natural resources, manufactured goods, and services.

Given the rigorous admission process it is not surprising that CUNY BA boasts a 70 % graduation rate within an average of 2. 2 years and that 60 % graduate with academic honors.

Given Chrétien's known tendency to create new stories and characters, being the first to mention the hero Lancelot and his love affair with Queen Guinevere for example, the name might also be entirely invented.

Given that the dispute with Pizarro over Cuzco had kept intensifying, Almagro spent a great deal of time and money equipping a company of 500 men for a new exploration south of Peru.

Given Mountbatten's determination, Nehru and Patel's inability to deal with the Muslim League and lastly Jinnah's obstinacy, all Indian party leaders ( except Gandhi ) acquiesced to Jinnah's plan to divide India, which in turn eased Mountbatten's task.

Given this kind of data, the estimated coefficient on Years of Education in the equation above reflects both the effect of education on wages and the effect of other variables on wages, if those other variables were correlated with education.

Given limited defense budgets, air forces tended to be conservative in their aircraft purchases, and biplanes remained popular with pilots because of their agility, and remained in service long after they had ceased to be competitive.

Given Guatemala's large expatriate community in the United States, it is the top remittance recipient in Central America, with inflows serving as a primary source of foreign income equivalent to nearly two-thirds of exports.

Given a trigonometric series f ( x ) with S as its set of zeros, Cantor had discovered a procedure that produced another trigonometric series that had S ' as its set of zeros, where S ' is the set of limit points of S. If p ( 1 ) is the set of limit points of S, then he could construct a trigonometric series whose zeros are p ( 1 ).

Given that Gable and Cukor had worked together before, in Manhattan Melodrama and Gable had no objection to working with him then, and given Selznick's desperation to get Gable for Rhett Butler, if Gable had any objections to Cukor, certainly they would have been expressed before he signed his contract for the film.

Given the differences of opinion within the Lord Aberdeen cabinet over the direction of foreign policy with regard to relations between Britain and the French under Napoleon III, it is not surprising that debate raged within the government as Louis Bonaparte, now assuming the title of Emperor Napoleon III of France.

Given a finite dimensional real quadratic space with quadratic form, the geometric algebra for this quadratic space is the Clifford algebra Cℓ ( V, Q ).

Given the limited amount of good quality agricultural land to begin with, that policy has resulted in continual deforestation and subsequent erosion.

On poverty, Hoover said that " Given the chance to go forward with the policies of the last eight years, we shall soon with the help of God, be in sight of the day when poverty will be banished from this nation ", and promised, " We in America today are nearer to the final triumph over poverty than ever before in the history of any land ," but within months, the Stock Market Crash of 1929 occurred, and the world's economy spiraled downward into the Great Depression.