Given that one cannot be motivated by reason alone, requiring the input of the passions, Hume argued that reason cannot be behind morality.

Given a simple mathematical or functional description of an input or output to a system, the Laplace transform provides an alternative functional description that often simplifies the process of analyzing the behavior of the system, or in synthesizing a new system based on a set of specifications.

Given a set of training examples of the form, a learning algorithm seeks a function, where is the input space and

Put together: Given an input signal, current state, and stack symbol, the automaton can follow a transition to another state, and optionally manipulate ( push or pop ) the stack.

Given their vertical-cavity geometry, VCSOAs are resonant cavity optical amplifiers that operate with the input / output signal entering / exiting normal to the wafer surface.

Given a sinewave generator of very low inherent distortion, it can be used as input to amplification equipment, whose distortion at different frequencies and signal levels can be measured by examining the output waveform.

Given this relationship of public capital and productivity, public capital becomes a third input in the standard, neoclassical production function:

Given " mappings " of input variables into membership functions and truth values, the microcontroller then makes decisions for what action to take, based on a set of " rules ", each of the form:

* Given an input in L, run A on the input.

Given any input, GEN generates an infinite number of candidates, or possible realizations of that input.

: Given a command, e. g., "", the shell creates a pipe, then starts both and with stdio for the two commands redirected so that writes its stdout into the input of the pipe while reads stdin from the output of the pipe.

Given an input consisting of any number of bytes, it produces as output a single byte that is strongly dependent on every byte of the input.

Formally, the problem of supervised pattern recognition can be stated as follows: Given an unknown function ( the ground truth ) that maps input instances to output labels, along with training data assumed to represent accurate examples of the mapping, produce a function that approximates as closely as possible the correct mapping.

: Given an input y, first attempt to compute.

The simplest primality test is as follows: Given an input number n,

Given an input string:

Given a function w on U × Y, with finite integral of its modulus for any input function u and initial state x ( 0 ) over any finite time t, called the " supply rate ", a system is said to be dissipative if there exist a continuous nonnegative function V ( x ), with x ( 0 ) = 0, called the storage function, such that for any input u and initial state x ( 0 ) the difference V ( x ( t )) − V ( x ( 0 )) does not exceed the integral of the supply over ( 0, t ) for any t ( dissipation inequality ).

Given a binary input, B, the corresponding gray code, G, is given by " G

The general scenario is the following: Given a class S of computable functions, is there a learner ( that is, recursive functional ) which for any input of the form ( f ( 0 ), f ( 1 ),..., f ( n )) outputs a hypothesis ( an index e with respect to a previously agreed on acceptable numbering of all computable functions ; the indexed function should be consistent with the given values of f ).

*: Given an input m < sub > 1 </ sub > it should be difficult to find another input m < sub > 2 </ sub > such that and.

We have seen a few cavities of the appropriate size and shape for ivory-bills, but these can be old, or exceptionally large Pileated Woodpecker cavities, or mammal-enlarged Pileated Woodpecker cavities .… Given the results, it is unlikely a population of any meaningful size of Ivory-billed Woodpeckers exists in south Florida.

Given the diversity of functions performed by neurons in different parts of the nervous system, there is, as expected, a wide variety in the shape, size, and electrochemical properties of neurons.

Given the irregular shape of the nucleus, Halley's rotation is likely to be complex.

Given that the 49th was in poor shape when Brock took command they saw little of the actual combat.

Given the extent and central location of his original holding from the Mill Seat Tract, and the fact that most of the town's pre-1944 building lots are to, Bare's ability to shape the size and extent of development in Roaring Spring was substantial.

Given names are chosen based on a range of factors, including possession of pleasing sound and tonal qualities, as well as bearing positive associations or a beautiful shape.

Given the extremely distorted shape of the primary, the relative orbital motion may be notably altered with respect to the two-body purely Keplerian scenario because of non-negligible long-term orbital perturbations affecting, for example, its orbital period.

Given time, these deposits form much like how a stalactite takes shape in a cave, except in this case on a flat surface.

Given the wide diversity of skull shape among enantiornithines, many different dietary specializations must have been present among the group.

Given the morphological diversity of the earlobes found among men, women, and children, some earlobes are large, some earlobes are pendulous, and some earlobes are large and pendulous, but some are prominent because of the structure and form of the dense, interlacing connective tissue fibers that shape the earlobe anatomy independent of the tail of the helix ( cauda helicis ).

< li > Given a known three-dimensional object with a fixed radiation source inside, deduce the shape and size of the source based on measurements done on part of the boundary of the object.

* Given two circles which will serve as top and bottom for a cup of given height, find the shape of the side wall of the cup so that the side wall has minimal area.

Given the problem of the aerodynamic design of the nose cone section of any vehicle or body meant to travel through a compressible fluid medium ( such as a rocket or aircraft, missile or bullet ), an important problem is the determination of the nose cone geometrical shape for optimum performance.

Given the problem of the aerodynamic design of the nose cone section of any vehicle or body meant to travel through a compressible fluid medium ( such as a rocket or aircraft, missile or bullet ), an important problem is the determination of the nose cone geometrical shape for optimum performance.

Given b < a + c, the shape of the curve is determined by the relative magnitude of b and d. If d is imaginary, that is if a < sup > 2 </ sup >+ b < sup > 2 </ sup >=< c < sup > 2 </ sup > then the curve has fthe form of a figure eight.

Given b > a + c, the shape of the curve is determined by the relative sizes of a and c. If a < c then the curve has the form of two loops that cross each other at ± d.

Given these considerations, graphologists proceed to evaluate the pattern, form, movement, rhythm, quality, and consistency of the graphic stroke in terms of psychological interpretations.

Given the unusually high demand for his performances, his health deteriorated and worsened by an episode of a major stroke in the late 1950s, he died on 1 May 1965.

Given that Renault ’ s 603 cc, 747 cc and 845 cc engines all shared the same cylinder stroke and were all of the same basic design, it is likely that there was very little difference between the manufacturing costs of the basic engine block between the three.

Given the propensity for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications, minimizing vascular risk factors and implementing therapy for primary or secondary prevention of stroke and myocardial infarction seems prudent.

Given that the data are collected from a select group of hospitals, a significant limitation of the RCSN is that the results may not be generalizable to the entire population of patients with acute stroke.