One, the ABCDE order later used in Phoenician, has continued with minor changes in Hebrew, Greek, Armenian, Gothic, Cyrillic, and Latin ; the other, HMĦLQ, was used in southern Arabia and is preserved today in Ethiopic.

Mainly an architectural movement, Gothic was characterised by its detailed ornamentation most noticeably the pointed archways and elaborate rib vaulting.

First developed in France, Gothic was intended as a solution to the inadequacies of Romanesque architecture.

However, during the time of Arianism's flowering in Constantinople, the Gothic convert Ulfilas ( later the subject of the letter of Auxentius cited above ) was sent as a missionary to the Gothic barbarians across the Danube, a mission favored for political reasons by emperor Constantius II.

Amalaric ( Gothic: Amalareiks ), or in Spanish and Portuguese, Amalarico, ( 502 – 531 ) was king of the Visigoths from 526 until his assassination in 531.

" More serious than the destruction of the Gothic army ," writes Herwig Wolfram, " than the loss of both Aquitanian provinces and the capital of Toulose, was the death of the king.

And according to rumour, exposing the Visigoths in battle was a convenient way of weakening the Gothic tribes.

The stream was temporarily turned aside from its course while the grave was dug wherein the Gothic chief and some of his most precious spoils were interred.

Alaric was succeeded in the command of the Gothic army by his brother-in-law, Ataulf, who married Honorius ' sister Galla Placidia three years later.

Historians consider this the decisive factor in convincing Alboin to undertake a migration, even though there are indications that before the war with the Gepids a decision was maturing to leave for Italy, a country thousands of Lombards had seen in the 550s when hired by the Byzantines to fight in the Gothic War.

File: Vilnius. Sv. Onos baznycia. Saint Ann's church2. jpg | Gothic St. Anne's Church in Vilnius was constructed on his initiative in 1495-1500.

The castle was built between 1864 and 1879 on a cliff by the Atlantic ocean, and was designed by Viollet Le Duc in the Neo Gothic style.

The Castello Vecchio (" old castle "), a ruined citadel, was believed to be Roman but turned out to have Gothic features.

Battle of Adrianople ( 378 ) was the main battle of the Gothic War ( 376-382 ).

The architectural style is a mixture of Victorian Gothic, Tudor and Dutch Baroque and was the subject of much bemused comment from those who worked there, or visited, during World War II.

It is generally assumed by scholars that the Bastarnae's original home was around the Vistula river ( central Poland ) and that they migrated south-eastwards to the Black Sea region around 200 BC ( as, 400 years later, did the Gothic ethnos ).

In Gothic architecture, light was considered the most beautiful revelation of God.

* St. Nicholas Cathedral-a monumental 13th century Gothic church ( cathedral only from 1992, before it was a parochial church ), damaged by fire in the late 18th century, then destroyed in World War II and reconstructed

In Denmark too, church wall paintings or kalkmalerier were widely used in the Middle Ages ( first Romanesque then Gothic ) and can be seen in some 600 Danish churches as well as in churches in the south of Sweden which was Danish at the time.

Walpole was obsessed with medieval Gothic architecture, and built his own house, Strawberry Hill, in that form, sparking a fashion for Gothic revival.

Walpole's forgery, together with the blend of history and fiction that was contravening the principles of the Enlightenment, brought about the Gothic novel's association with fake documentation.

Evidence is plentiful that early and later also he has been indebted to the Gothic romancers, who deal in extravagant horror, to the symbolists writing at the end of the preceding century, and in particular to the stream-of-consciousness novelists, Henry James and James Joyce among them.

And by a skillful and unobtrusive use of imagery ( the enclosure is called a `` Roman-camp stockade '', the hastily erected lean-to is a `` Babylonian hovel '', the men begin to look like `` Peruvian mummies '' and to acquire `` Gothic faces '' ), Malraux projects a fresco of human endurance -- which is also the endurance of the human -- stretching backward into the dark abyss of time.

Alaric II ( Gothic: Alareiks II ), also known as Alarik, Alarich, and Alarico in Spanish and Portuguese or Alaricus in Latin ( d. 507 ) succeeded his father Euric as king of the Visigoths in Toulouse on December 28, 484.

Prior to the year 1878, all apostolic letters and briefs requiring for their validity the leaden seal were engrossed upon rough parchment and in Gothic characters ( round letters, also called Gallicum and commonly Bollatico, but in Italy today Teutonic ) without lines, or diphthongs, or marks of punctuation.

Gothic metal band Paradise Lost also covered " Smalltown Boy " as a bonus track on the digi-pack version of the Symbol of Life album.

Gothic ulbandus also meaning " camel ".

But the form of the OHG and Gothic words suggests it is also a borrowing, perhaps indeed directly or indirectly from Greek " ἐλέφας " ( elephas ), which in Homer only meant " ivory ", but from Herodotus on the word also referred to the animal.

The Germanic peoples ( also called Teutonic or Gothic in older literature ) are an Indo-European ethno-linguistic group of Northern European origin, identified by their use of the Germanic languages which diversified out of Proto-Germanic during the Pre-Roman Iron Age.

Among other elements, Ann Radcliffe also introduced the brooding figure of the Gothic villain, which developed into the Byronic hero.

Radcliffe also provided an aesthetic for the genre in an influential article " On the Supernatural in Poetry ", examining the distinction and correlation between horror and terror in Gothic fiction

Reynolds was also responsible for The Mysteries of London which has been accorded an important place in the development of the urban as a particularly Victorian Gothic setting, an area within which interesting links can be made with established readings of the work of Dickens and others.

Louisa May Alcott's Gothic potboiler, A Long Fatal Love Chase ( written in 1866, but published in 1995 ) is also an interesting specimen of this subgenre.

The genre was also a heavy influence on more mainstream writers, such as Charles Dickens, who read Gothic novels as a teenager and incorporated their gloomy atmosphere and melodrama into his own works, shifting them to a more modern period and an urban setting, including Oliver Twist ( 1837-8 ), Bleak House ( 1854 ) ( Mighall 2003 ) and Great Expectations ( 1860 – 61 ).

Stoker's book also established Transylvania and Eastern Europe as the locus classicus of the Gothic.

The most significant of these was H. P. Lovecraft who also wrote an excellent conspectus of the Gothic and supernatural horror tradition in his Supernatural Horror in Literature ( 1936 ) as well as developing a Mythos that would influence Gothic and contemporary horror well into the 21st century.

The genre also influenced American writing to create the Southern Gothic genre, which combines some Gothic sensibilities ( such as the Grotesque ) with the setting and style of the Southern United States.

Other books by du Maurier, such as Jamaica Inn ( 1936 ), also display Gothic tendencies.

Twentieth-century rock music also had its Gothic side.

Themes from Gothic writers such as H. P. Lovecraft were also used among gothic rock and heavy metal bands, especially in black metal, thrash metal ( Metallica's The Call of Ktulu ), death metal, and gothic metal.

As with many of the buildings in Gothic novels, the abbey also has a series of tunnels.

Uldin was also known for defeating Gothic rebels giving trouble to the East Romans around the Danube and beheading the Goth Gainas around 400-401.

The Pannonian basin then was occupied by the Gepids, whilst various Gothic groups remained in the Balkans also.