* 1955 – Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg

* 1642 – Cosimo III de ' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany ( d. 1723 )

Because Albert was a member of the Brandenburg-Ansbach branch of the House of Hohenzollern, it had been hoped that his election as Grand Master would reverse the decline of the Teutonic Knights since 1410 ; Duke Frederick of Saxony of the House of Wettin had been elected for the same reason.

His mother was Sophia, daughter of Casimir IV Jagiellon, Grand Duke of Lithuania and King of Poland, and his wife Elisabeth of Austria.

Duke Frederick of Saxony, Grand Master of the Teutonic Order, died in December 1510.

Albert was chosen as his successor early in 1511 in the hope that his relationship to his maternal uncle, Sigismund I the Old, Grand Duke of Lithuania and King of Poland, would facilitate a settlement of the disputes over eastern Prussia, which had been held by the Order under Polish suzerainty since the Second Peace of Thorn ( 1466 ).

Alexander (; ) ( 5 August 1461 – 19 August 1506 ) of the House of Jagiellon was the Grand Duke of Lithuania and later also King of Poland.

He was elected Grand Duke of Lithuania on the death of his father ( 1492 ), and King of Poland on the death of his brother John I Albert ( 1501 ).

For want of funds, Alexander was unable to resist the Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights or prevent Grand Duke of Muscovy Ivan III from ravaging Grand Duchy of Lithuania with the Tatars.

The most the Grand Duke of Lithuania could do was to garrison Smolensk and other strongholds and employ his wife Helena, the Tsar's daughter, to mediate a truce between his father-in-law and himself after the disastrous Battle of Vedrosha ( 1500 ).

Great solicitude was devoted to the education of Nicolas as tsarevich, whereas Alexander received only the training of an ordinary Grand Duke of that period.

* Alexander Jagiellon ( 1461 – 1506 ), Grand Duke of Lithuania and King of Poland

In the summer of 1214, Andrew had a meeting with Grand Duke Leszek I of Poland and they agreed that they would divide the Principality of Halych between Hungary and Poland.

* 1789 – Stéphanie de Beauharnais, French wife of Charles, Grand Duke of Baden ( d. 1860 )

* 1917 – Grand Duke Vladimir Kirillovich of Russia ( d. 1992 )

* 1574 – Cosimo I de ' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany ( b. 1519 )

* Grand Cross of the Order of Duke Peter Friedrich Ludwig of Oldenburg-1905

She was the daughter of Gediminas, Grand Duke of Lithuania.

Charles was born in Florence, Tuscany, where his father was then Grand Duke.

In Florence on 8 September 1787 ( by proxy ) and again in Dresden on 18 October 1787 ( in person ), Anton married a second time with the Archduchess Maria Theresia of Austria ( Maria Theresia Josephe Charlotte Johanna ), daughter of the Grand Duke Leopold I of Tuscany, later Emperor Leopold II.

Its roots lay in the arts and crafts school founded by the Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach in 1906 and directed by Belgian Art Nouveau architect Henry van de Velde.

Realising the danger, the Duke of Marlborough resolved to alleviate the peril to Vienna by marching his forces south from Bedburg and help maintain Emperor Leopold within the Grand Alliance.

The year 1705 proved almost entirely barren for the Duke whose military disappointments were only partly compensated by efforts on the diplomatic front where, at the courts of Düsseldorf, Frankfurt, Vienna, Berlin and Hanover, Marlborough sought to bolster support for the Grand Alliance and extract promises of prompt assistance for the following year ’ s campaign.

Other victims died a slow death including Prince Ioann Konstantinovich of Russia, Prince Konstantin Konstantinovich of Russia, Prince Igor Konstantinovich of Russia and Prince Vladimir Pavlovich Paley, Grand Duke Sergei's secretary Varvara Yakovleva and Grand Duchess Elizabeth Fyodorovna, a granddaughter of Queen Victoria.

" According to a 29 May 1897 diary entry written by her father's distant cousin, Grand Duke Konstantin Konstantinovich of Russia, she was given the name " Tatiana " as an homage to the heroine in Alexander Pushkin's novel in verse Eugene Onegin.

This was not only the name of his maternal grandfather, Grand Duke Konstantin Romanov of Russia, but also the name of the " King who would reconquer Constantinople ", the future " Constantine XII, legitimate successor to the Emperor Constantine XI Palaiologos ", according to popular legend.

** Kingdom of Poland, while in personal union under the Emperors of Russia as Kings ( styled Tsar ; 20 June 1815 – 5 November 1916 ), had only one Viceroy, 9 December 1815 – 1 December 1830: Grand Duke Konstantin Pavlovich Romanov ( b. 1779 – d.

The christening marked the first time some of the younger members of the Imperial Family, including some of the younger sons of Grand Duke Konstantin Konstantinovich, as well as the Grand Duchesses Olga and Tatiana, and their cousin Princess Irina Alexandrovna, were present at an official ceremony.

Many contemporaries considered that Alexander I or his brother Grand Duke Konstantin had ordered him killed.

* Alexandra Iosifovna ( 1830 – 1911 ), wife of Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolayevich of Russia

However, in time the situation changed and he granted the viceroy, Grand Duke Konstantin Pavlovich, almost dictatorial powers.

The architect Konstantin Thon was commissioned to replace them with the Grand Kremlin Palace, which was to rival the Winter Palace in St. Petersburg in its dimensions and the opulence of its interiors.

At one point in the early 1850s, Third Section agents were even detailed to monitor every move of Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolaievich, Chief of Russia ’ s Navy and Nicholas ’ second son.

In 1871, Mitchell was among those greeting the High Admiral, Grand Duke Konstantin at Newcastle Central station, after which the party drove on to Jesmond Towers.

A close friend and associate of Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolayevich, Alexander retired from the Navy, and served as Minister of Education ( 1861 – 1866 ) under Tsar Alexander II.

In 1870, Olga and Karl adopted Olga's niece Vera Konstantinova, the daughter of her brother Grand Duke Konstantin.

Michael Pavlovich died in 1849 leaving no heir, and thus Pavlovsk became property of a son of Nicholas I, Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolayevich of Russia.

A similar attempt the next year was also unsuccessful, but were assured by the Tsar's brother Grand Duke Konstantin that the new law would provide a way to address the concerns of the Mennonites in the form of noncombatant military service.

Four of them — Konstantin, George, Yaroslav and Sviatoslav — succeeded him as Grand Dukes of Vladimir.

At the specific request of Grand Duke Konstantin, Drzewiecki moved to St. Petersburg in 1873.

The most notable among Feodor's descendants was Grand Hetman of Lithuania, Prince Konstanty Ostrogski, who defeated Muscovy in the Battle of Orsha ( 1514 ) and his son Konstanty Wasyl Ostrogski ( or Konstantin Konstantinovich Ostrozhski ).

It was carried out on 14 July 1500, some 50 km to the west of Kaluga, between joint forces of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Kingdom of Poland, under command of Prince Konstantin Ostrozhsky and Russian ( Muscovite ) army under Prince Daniil Shchenya.

On August 4, 1853, Captain Gennady Nevelskoy founded a military post named after Admiral Grand Duke Konstantin, and renamed the bay to Imperatorskaya Gavan (' Emperor's Harbor '), after the then reigning Emperor Nicholas I. Nikolay Boshnyak was appointed the commander of the post, which became the first Russian settlement in the area, and the predecessor of today's Sovetskaya Gavan.

During his training Konstantin was treated like all other naval cadets, even to the point of his title of Grand Duke being dispensed with.

Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolayevich of Russia and his eldest son Grand Duke Nikolay Konstantinovich