The first case recorded of the partial exemption of an abbot from episcopal control is that of Faustus, abbot of Lerins, at the council of Arles, AD 456 ; but the exorbitant claims and exactions of bishops, to which this repugnance to episcopal control is to be traced, far more than to the arrogance of abbots, rendered it increasingly frequent, and, in the 6th century, the practice of exempting religious houses partly or altogether from episcopal control, and making them responsible to the pope alone, received an impulse from Pope Gregory the Great.

Insurance as we know it today can be traced to the Great Fire of London, which in 1666 devoured more than 13, 000 houses.

Rococo plasterwork by immigrant Italian-Swiss artists like Bagutti and Artari is a feature of houses by James Gibbs, and the Franchini brothers working in Ireland equalled anything that was attempted in Great Britain.

A nearby conservatory houses the " Great Vine ", planted in 1769 ; by 1968 it had a trunk 81 inches thick and has a length of 100 feet.

On 26 May 1676, ten years after the Great Fire of London, a great fire broke out, which continued for 17 hours before houses were blown up to create fire breaks.

After the destructive Great Flood of 1993, Rhineland citizens used federal funds to relocate their houses 1½ miles inland away from the river.

The Great Barrier Reef provides important feeding areas for the species ; this reef area houses a stable population of around 10, 000, although the population concentration has shifted over time.

The Great Depression was a factor for most publishing houses and Little Brown was no exception ; they carefully released a small first printing.

During the Great Northern War, the Swedes again captured Rzeszów, in 1702, then several different armies occupied the town, ransacking it and destroying houses.

Great rich city, spacious, beautiful rivers, its meadows, its seaport full of ships laden with goods, it is adorned with so many churches, houses and inhabitants, it is hardly that she recognizes less than Paris.

Noel Rees's name is still used as a selling point by estate agents, his houses can be found in Great Thrift, The Covert, Prince's Avenue, Wood Ride, Kingsway, Chislehurst Road, The Chenies and many other roads in Petts Wood.

The arrival of the Great Western Railway and the building of West Drayton railway station in 1838 resulted in new houses being built and a sharp increase in both population and trade.

Great efforts were made to cajole, bribe, trick and threaten these houses into formal compliance ; with those religious who continued in their resistance being liable to imprisonment until they submitted ; or if they persisted, to execution for treason.

Plaistow is mentioned in Daniel Defoe's 1724 work, " Tour of the Eastern Counties " ( part of his “ A tour thro ’ the whole island of Great Britain ”), as a town in which there had been much new building as well as repairs to existing houses since the Revolution.

In a policy speech on May 15, 2008, which outlined a number of ideas, McCain said, " I will ask Congress to grant me the privilege of coming before both houses to take questions, and address criticism, much the same as the Prime Minister of Great Britain appears regularly before the House of Commons.

* Two lodge houses at Great Barr Hall, near Birmingham ( pre-1863 )

These newer houses, and those which survived the Great Fire, still surround shoppers and visitors as they pass through Wymondham's narrow mediaeval streets.

Great art and furniture collections were built up and displayed in the houses.

Coal camp houses in Jenkins during the Great Depression

Independence Township continued to grow at the same time as cottages were built, farms were subdivided and new houses built, all the way up to the 1930s when the Great Depression temporarily ended future land developments.

Carver businesses suffered during the twin events of Prohibition and the Great Depression, causing the city to go into several decades of economic stagnation, leading to the decay of many historic houses and commercial buildings.

McComb also houses a Great Scot Community Markets grocery store, gas station, two pizza places ( only Pisanello's is worth trying though ), a park, and historic Bennett's furniture store.

The district also houses a church commemorating the first Russian victory in the Great Northern war, the Battle of Poltava-St. Sampsonius ' Cathedral.

Fires were a major danger in London at the time: the Great Fire destroyed more than 13, 000 houses and displaced about 100, 000 people, and another conflagration in 1678 damaged the Middle Temple, one of the Inns of Court.

J. H. Miller's excellent chapter on Great Expectations has lately illustrated how fruitfully that novel can be read from such a perspective.

Individuals judged by God to be wicked, such as in the Great Flood or at Armageddon, are given no hope of an afterlife.

Athena had an " androgynous compromise " that allowed her traits and what she stood for to be attributed to male and female rulers alike over the course of history ( such as Marie de ' Medici, Anne of Austria, Christina of Sweden, and Catherine the Great ).

The word is found in Gnostic texts such as the Holy Book of the Great Invisible Spirit, and also appears in the Greek Magical Papyri.

Great progress was made in the field of aviation during the 1920s and 1930s, such as Charles Lindbergh's solo transatlantic flight in 1927, and Charles Kingsford Smith's transpacific flight the following year.

King Alfred's ( Alfred the Great ) translation of Orosius ' history of the world uses Angelcynn (- kin ) to describe England and the English people ; Bede used Angelfolc (- folk ); there are also such forms as Engel, Englan ( the people ), Englaland, and Englisc, all showing i-mutation.

Bede would also have been familiar with more recent accounts such as Eddius Stephanus's Life of Wilfrid, and anonymous Lives of Gregory the Great and Cuthbert.

Great bonfires would mark a time of purification and transition, heralding in the season in the hope of a good harvest later in the year, and were accompanied with ritual acts to protect the people from any harm by Otherworldly spirits, such as the Aos Sí.

* Prophecies → Passages of Isaiah 40 – 66 refer to events that did not occur in Isaiah's own lifetime, such as the rise of Babylon as the world power, the destruction of Jerusalem, and the rise of Cyrus the Great, which is taken as evidence of later composition.

Instead, from 1 January 1923, almost all the remaining companies were grouped into the " big four ", the Great Western Railway, the London and North Eastern Railway, the London, Midland and Scottish Railway and the Southern Railway companies ( there were also a number of other joint railways such as the Midland and Great Northern Joint Railway and the Cheshire Lines Committee as well as special joint railways such as the Forth Bridge Railway, Ryde Pier Railway and at one time the East London Railway ).

* Burroughs made military computers, such as the D825 ( the " D " prefix signifying it was for defense industrial use ), in its Great Valley Laboratory in Paoli, Pennsylvania.

Hogarth reported that Hussein " would not accept an independent Jewish State in Palestine, nor was I instructed to warn him that such a state was contemplated by Great Britain ".

Following the 1707 union of England and Scotland, and the 1801 creation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, British foreign policy, on the continent, was to contain expansion by its competitor powers such as France and Spain.

Essentially, every country that was colonised at some time by England, Great Britain, or the United Kingdom uses common law except those that were formerly colonised by other nations, such as Quebec ( which follows the law of France in part ), South Africa and Sri Lanka ( which follow Roman Dutch law ), where the prior civil law system was retained to respect the civil rights of the local colonists.

One particularly humorous example of such promotional efforts is the Great Comic Strip Switcheroonie, held in 1997 on April Fool's Day, an event in which dozens of prominent artists took over each other's strips.

Common positions relate to defining a European foreign policy towards a particular third-country such as the promotion of human rights and democracy in Burma, a region such as the stabilisation efforts in the African Great Lakes, or a certain issue such as support for the International Criminal Court.

Excepting a few ineffective attempts to revive scythed chariots, and continuing far eastern use, the use of chariots in battle was obsolete in civilized nations by the time of the Persian defeat at the hands of Alexander the Great, but chariots remained in use for ceremonial purposes such as carrying the victorious general in a Roman triumph, or for racing.

This view is heavily influenced by modernization theory, but is also strongly influenced by indigenous sources such as the notion of " shijie datong " or the Great Unity.

Media reports also exposed crimes committed by Joseph Stalin and the Soviet regime, such as the gulags, his treaty with Adolf Hitler, and the Great Purges, which had been ignored by the official media.

In Great Britain, shade-tolerant species such as oak and ash are replaced in the pollen record by hazels, brambles, grasses and nettles.