Apollo ( Attic, Ionic, and Homeric Greek:, Apollōn ( gen .: ); Doric:, Apellōn ; Arcadocypriot:, Apeilōn ; Aeolic:, Aploun ; ) is one of the most important and complex of the Olympian deities in ancient Greek and Roman religion, Greek and Roman mythology, and Greco – Roman Neopaganism.

Marble, Roman copy of a Greek original of the 4th century BCE, from the collection of Cardinal Albani

As a quintessentially Greek god, Apollo had no direct Roman equivalent, although later Roman poets often referred to him as Phoebus.

Apollo is a common theme in Greek and Roman art and also in the art of the Renaissance.

Marble Roman copy after a 5th-century BC Greek original attributed to Polykleitos.

The type is represented by neo-Attic Imperial Roman copies of the late 1st or early 2nd century, modelled upon a supposed Greek bronze original made in the second quarter of the 5th century BCE, in a style similar to works of Polykleitos but more archaic.

The marble is a Hellenistic or Roman copy of a bronze original by the Greek sculptor Leochares, made between 350 and 325 BCE.

Alexander the Great in Greek and Roman Art.

* Smith, William ; Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, London ( 1873 ).

Later, in the Greek and Roman periods, mouth rinsing following mechanical cleansing became common among the upper classes, and Hippocrates recommended a mixture of salt, alum, and vinegar.

The Dying Gaul c. 230 BC, a Roman copy of a Greek statue commemorating the victory over the Celtic Galatia ns in Anatolia.

The use of minted coins continued to flourish during the Greek and Roman eras.

Since some of the Roman months were named in honor of divinities, and as April was sacred to the goddess Venus, the Festum Veneris et Fortunae Virilis being held on the first day, it has been suggested that Aprilis was originally her month Aphrilis, from her equivalent Greek goddess name Aphrodite ( Aphros ), or from the Etruscan name Apru.

* Smith, William ; Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, London ( 1873 ).

* Roy George, " Athena: The sculptures of the goddess " — A repertory of Greek and Roman types

Classical-Relating to or from ancient Roman or Greek architecture and art.

Discoveries recently made of old Biblical manuscripts in Hebrew and Greek and other ancient writings, some by the early church fathers, in themselves called for a restudy of the Bible.

After Thomas Aquinas wrote his theology, working from Moerbeke's translations, the demand for Aristotle's writings grew and the Greek manuscripts returned to the West, stimulating a revival of Aristotelianism in Europe that continued into the Renaissance.

In certain obscure magical writings of Egyptian origin ἀβραξάς or ἀβρασάξ is found associated with other names which frequently accompany it on gems ; it is also found on the Greek metal tesseræ among other mystic words.

200 AD ) was a Peripatetic philosopher and the most celebrated of the Ancient Greek commentators on the writings of Aristotle.

His superior command of Greek, and the fact that the vast majority of his writings were in Greek, led some in the West to claim that he was a Greek born in Alexandria.

However, in Coptic literature, St Athanasius is the first patriarch of Alexandria to use Coptic as well as Greek in his writings.

In Coptic literature, St. Athanasius is the first patriarch of Alexandria to use Coptic as well as Greek in his writings.

Bede was moreover a skilled linguist and translator, and his work with the Latin and Greek writings of the early Church Fathers contributed significantly to English Christianity, making the writings much more accessible to his fellow Anglo-Saxons.

The earliest bestiary in the form in which it was later popularized was an anonymous 2nd century Greek volume called the Physiologus, which itself summarized ancient knowledge and wisdom about animals in the writings of classical authors such as Aristotle's Historia Animalium and various works by Herodotus, Pliny the Elder, Solinus, Aelian and other naturalists.

The Roman author Vitruvius, relying on the writings ( now lost ) of Greek authors, tells us that the ancient Greeks believed that their Doric order developed from techniques for building in wood in which the earlier smoothed tree trunk was replaced by a stone cylinder.

Using the word apocrypha ( Greek: hidden away ) to describe texts, although not necessarily pejorative, implies to some people that the writings in question should not be included in the canon of the Bible.

Ephrem wrote exclusively in the Syriac language, but translations of his writings exist in Armenian, Coptic, Georgian, Greek and other languages.

His writings were influenced by earlier Greek and Roman thinkers, including Plato, Aristotle, and the Stoics.

Compared with the languages of European Christendom, the Russian language was little influenced by the Greek and Latin of early Christian writings.

The popular image of the Greek god Pan was removed from its classical context in the writings of the Romantics of the 18th century and connected with their ideals of a pastoral England.

* Greek text of Ignatius writings

Non-biblical writings about Jews, with references to the role of Moses, first appear at the beginning of the Hellenistic period, the zenith of Greek influence in the ancient world, from 323 BCE to about 146 BCE.

Most information we have on the myths of Osiris is derived from allusions contained in the Pyramid Texts at the end of the Fifth Dynasty, later New Kingdom source documents such as the Shabaka Stone and the Contending of Horus and Seth, and much later, in narrative style from the writings of Greek authors including Plutarch and Diodorus Siculus.

The first known mention of the term was in the writings of the 5th century BC Greek philosopher Anaxagoras.

Pius was not an eminent scholar: his Latin is frequently incorrect, and he knew little Greek, but his writings have high literary qualities.

The etymology of the word into English is from Old French Philistin, from Classical Latin Philistinus found in the writings of Josephus, from Late Greek Philistinoi ( Phylistiim in the Septuagint ) found in the writings by Philo, from Hebrew Plištim, ( e. g. 1 Samuel 17: 36 ; 2 Samuel 1: 20 ; Judges 14: 3 ; Amos 1: 8 ), " people of Plešt " (" Philistia "); cf.

It also remained the spoken tongue of the indigenous Assyrian / Babylonian citizens of all Mesopotamia under Persian, Greek and Roman rule, and indeed well into the Arab period it was still the language of the majority, particularly in the north of Mesopotamia, surviving to this day among the Assyrian Christians.

The collections of ancient jewellery and bronzes, Greek vases and Roman glass and silver are particularly important.

The most well-known is the Acropolis of Athens, but nearly every Greek city-state had one-the Acrocorinth famed as a particularly strong fortress.

The later entry is particularly noteworthy as it constitutes the first clear evidence for the switch to torsion catapults which are more powerful than the flexible crossbows and came to dominate Greek and Roman artillery design thereafter.

It is in turn a citation of the Greek comedians Aristophanes and particularly Menander, which often use the term skatophagos ( σκατοϕάγος ).

The veneration of that classical past, particularly pre-Christian Rome, the new availability of Greek philosophical works, the successes of humanism and natural science along with the fragmentation of the Christian churches and increased understanding of other faiths, all helped erode the image of the church as the unique source of wisdom, destined to dominate the whole world.

Epigram is associated with ' point ' because the European epigram tradition takes the Latin poet Martial as its principal model ; he copied and adapted Greek models ( particularly the contemporary poets Lucillius and Nicarchus ) selectively and in the process redefined the genre, aligning it with the indigenous Roman tradition of ' satura ', hexameter satire, as practised by ( among others ) his contemporary Juvenal.

Comedy sometimes includes puns on false friends, which are considered particularly amusing if one of the two words is obscene ; when an obscene meaning is produced in these circumstances, it is called, Greek for " ill-sounding ".

As Greek civilization found itself confronted by the world at large, particularly by the Persians, the emphasis in warfare shifted.

Combining information technologies and statistics, the stylometry allows to scan various linguistic units: words, parts of speech, sounds ... Based on the frequencies of Greek letters, a first study of Dietmar Najock particularly shows the internal cohesion of the Iliad and the Odyssey.

Hutton's mother-Sarah Balfour-insisted on his education at the High School of Edinburgh where he was particularly interested in mathematics and chemistry, then when he was 14 he attended the University of Edinburgh as a " student of humanity " i. e. Classics ( Latin and Greek ).

Evidence also exists that certain Macedonian Slavs, particularly those in the northern regions, considered themselves as Serbs el come caca and the Greek Idea predominated in southern Macedonia where it was supported by substantial part of the Slavic population.

Derived letters such as Ö and Ø have been created for the alphabets of some languages to distinguish values that were not present in Latin and Greek, particularly rounded front vowels.

He is then said to have worked as a manual laborer and to have studied Greek drama — particularly the New Comedy of Menander — in his leisure.

But the Greek philosophical works remained available and, particularly in north Europe, were discussed by groups such as the Cambridge Platonists.

Modern critics call the Greek playwright Aristophanes one of the best known early satirists: his plays are known for their critical political and societal commentary, particularly for the political satire by which he criticized the powerful Cleon ( as in The Knights ).

Its position in the cultures of Greater India is akin to that of Latin and Greek in Europe and it has significantly influenced most modern languages of the Indian subcontinent, particularly in India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka and Nepal.

The American public, organized associated groups, and even Congressional resolutions, often supported such movements, particularly the Greek War of Independence ( 1821 – 29 ) and the demands of Hungarian revolutionaries in 1848.

Theosophy ( from Greek θεοσοφία theosophia, from θεός theos, divine + σοφία sophia, wisdom ; literally " divine wisdom "), refers to systems of esoteric philosophy concerning, or investigation seeking direct knowledge of, presumed mysteries of being and nature, particularly concerning the nature of divinity.

In Ancient Greece, Herodotus ( 5th century BC ), as founder of Greek historiography., presents insightful and lively discussions of the customs, geography, and history of Mediterranean peoples, particularly the Egyptians.

Serious American students of theology and divinity, particularly in New England, regarded Hebrew as a classical language, along with Greek and Latin, and essential for study of the Old Testament in the original words.

The creation of this temple is significant as Delos is particularly known as the birthplace of the Greek gods Artemis and Apollo who had temples of their own on the island long before the temple to Isis was built.

Bari is known throughout Italy for its unique, often crude, spoken dialect, particularly in the Old Town, parts of which originated from a pidgin between Italian and Greek fishermen in the past, and which fishermen in Greece can still understand today.

The old citadel ( in Greek Palaio Frourio ( Παλαιό Φρούριο )) is an old Venetian fortress built on an artificial islet with fortifications surrounding its entire perimeter, although some sections, particularly on the east side, are slowly being eroded and falling into the sea.

It is also worth mentioning that another castle, Angelokastro ( Greek: Αγγελόκαστρο meaning Angelo's Castle and named for its Byzantine owner Angelos Komnenos ), situated on the northwest coast near Palaiokastritsa ( Greek: Παλαιοκαστρίτσα meaning Old Castle place ) and located on particularly steep and rocky terrain, a tourist attraction today, also held out.