Galileos attitude control system software was written in the HAL / S programming language, also used in the Space Shuttle program.

In March 1990 two radar equipped Dornier / HAL Do 228-101s were ordered to form a maritime surveillance element by July 1991.

* UAC / HAL Il-214 experimental medium-lift military transport aircraft.

Under the Vajpayee government, the defence relations between India and Russia saw a new rebound with the signing of several key military deals such as the Sukhoi Su-30MKI, T-90 | T-90S Bhishma, INS Vikramaditya | INS Vikramaditya and the Sukhoi / HAL FGFA.

* UAC / HAL Il-214 Multirole Transport Aircraft, a planned medium-lift military transport

HAL / S ( High-order Assembly Language / Shuttle ) is a real-time aerospace programming language, best known for its use in the Space Shuttle program.

HAL / S was designed not to include some constructs that are thought to be the cause of errors.

On the Preface page of the HAL / S Language Specification, it says,

A proposal for a NASA standard ground-based version of HAL named HAL / G for " ground " was proposed, but the coming emergence of the soon to be named Ada programming language contributed to Intermetrics ' lack of interest in continuing this work.

HAL / S is a mostly free-form language: statements may begin anywhere on a line and may spill over the next lines, and multiple statements may be fit onto the same line if required.

One particularly interesting feature of HAL / S is that it supports, in addition to a normal single line text format, an optional three-line input format in which three source code lines are used for each statement.

The multi-line format was designed to permit writing of HAL / S code that is similar to mathematical notation.

HAL / S has native support for integers, floating point scalars, vector, matrices, booleans and strings of 8-bit characters, limited to a maximum length of 255.

* Computers in Spaceflight: The NASA Experience – By George Tomayko ( Appendix II: " HAL / S, A Real-Time Language for Spaceflight ")

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* HAL / S, the computer language used to program the Space Shuttle's computers

BSD, Mac OS X, Linux, CP / M, DOS, Solaris, and some other portable operating systems also have a HAL, even if it is not explicitly designated as such.

HAL is now headquartered in Seattle, Washington, U. S.

# redirect HAL / S

NASA's HAL / S was implemented via XPL.

It was responsible for the design and implementation of the HAL / S programming language, used to write the Space Shuttle PASS ( Primary Avionics Software System ).

In the 1982 novel 2010: Odyssey Two, Arthur C. Clarke's first sequel to 2001: A Space Odyssey, HAL 9000 is described by Dr. Chandra as being caught in a " Hofstadter – Möbius loop ".

In 2061: Odyssey Three, Heywood Floyd is surprised to encounter HAL, now stored alongside Dave Bowman in the Europa monolith.

India delivered HAL Dhruv helicopters and South Africa is about to deliver 12 Atlas Cheetah supersonic-aircraft.

HAL 9000 is a character in Arthur C. Clarke's science fiction Space Odyssey saga.

The primary antagonist in 2001: A Space Odyssey, HAL ( Heuristically programmed ALgorithmic computer ) is an artificial intelligence that controls the systems of the Discovery One spacecraft and interacts with the ship's astronaut crew.

Being a computer, HAL has no distinct physical form, though is visually represented as a red television-camera eye located on equipment panels throughout the ship.

HAL is voiced by Douglas Rain in the two film adaptations of the Space Odyssey saga, and speaks in a soft, calm voice and a conversational manner, in contrast to the crewmen, David Bowman and Frank Poole, who speak tersely and with little emotional inflection.

In addition to maintaining the Discovery One spacecraft systems during the interplanetary mission to Jupiter, HAL is capable of speech, speech recognition, facial recognition, natural language processing, lip reading, art appreciation, interpreting and reproducing emotional behaviours, reasoning, and playing chess.

HAL is listed as the 13th-greatest film villain in the AFI's 100 Years ... 100 Heroes and Villains.

In the French-language version of 2001: A Space Odyssey, HAL's name is CARL, Cerveau Analytique de Recherche et de Liaison ( Analytic Brain for Research and Communication ), however, the television camera eye plates read " HAL 9000 ".

Although it is often conjectured that the name HAL was based on a one-letter shift from the name IBM, this has been denied by both Clarke and 2001 director Stanley Kubrick.

As is clearly stated in the novel ( Chapter 16 ), HAL stands for Heuristically programmed ALgorithmic computer.

However, about once a week some character spots the fact that HAL is one letter ahead of IBM, and promptly assumes that Stanley and I were taking a crack at the estimable institution ... As it happened, IBM had given us a good deal of help, so we were quite embarrassed by this, and would have changed the name had we spotted the coincidence.

In the followup 1982 novel, 2010: Odyssey Two, and the accompanying 1984 film, 2010, it is revealed that this action was caused by the computer having been programmed with two conflicting objectives: to fully disclose all its information, and to keep the true purpose of the flight secret from the crew ; this conflict caused HAL to become paranoid and eventually homicidal.

Clarke was so impressed by the demonstration that he used it in the climactic scene of his screenplay for his novel 2001: A Space Odyssey, where the HAL 9000 computer sings the same song as it is being put to sleep by astronaut Dave Bowman.

The festival is a direct descendant of a program put on at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign in 1997 called Cyberfest which used the supposed birthday of HAL ( the computer in the 2001 film ) to highlight the University's involvement in the history of computers and computing.

EarthBound, originally released as in Japan, is a role-playing video game co-developed by Ape and HAL Laboratory and published by Nintendo for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System video game console.

Super Smash Bros., known in Japan as, is a fighting game developed by HAL Laboratory and published by Nintendo for the Nintendo 64.

is the main protagonist of Nintendo's Kirby video game series created by Masahiro Sakurai at HAL Laboratory.

Hindustan Aeronautics Limited () ( HAL ) () based in Bangalore, India, is one of Asia's largest aerospace companies.

HAL built the first military aircraft in South Asia and is currently involved in the design, fabrication and assembly of aircraft, jet engines, and helicopters, as well as their components and spares.

HAL is one of the largest aerospace companies in Asia with its annual turnover to be running above 2 billion.

Below is a partial list of major operations being undertaken by HAL:

* August 19 – Indian Airlines Flight 557, a HAL 748, is damaged beyond repair when it overruns the runway at Mangalore Airport at Mangalore, India, but all 26 people on board – among them Karnataka state and future Indian government official Veerappa Moily – are uninjured.