Several steps in the metabolism of HDL can contribute to the transport of cholesterol from lipid-laden macrophages of atherosclerotic arteries, termed foam cells, to the liver for secretion into the bile.

Both methods have long been promoted on the basis of lowest cost, though neither of these measurements directly, or reliably, reflects HDL particle functionality to remove cholesterol from atherosclerotic plaque and can therefore be misleading, especially on an individual patient-by-patient basis Labs use the routine dextran sulfate-Mg < sup > 2 +</ sup > precipitation method with ultracentrifugation / dextran sulfate-Mg < sup > 2 +</ sup > precipitation as reference method.

One can design hardware in a VHDL IDE ( for FPGA implementation such as Xilinx ISE, Altera Quartus, Synopsys Synplify or Mentor Graphics HDL Designer ) to produce the RTL schematic of the desired circuit.

Modern simulators can also link the HDL environment to user-compiled libraries, through a defined PLI / VHPI interface.

An HDL description can also be prototyped and tested in hardware — programmable logic devices are often used for this purpose.

Ideally, for a given HDL description, a property or properties can be proven true or false using formal mathematical methods.

Blood tests focusing on cholesterol levels can determine LDL and HDL cholesterol levels, as well as triglyceride levels.

The flagship implementation, the OR1200, is an RTL model in Verilog HDL, from which a SystemC-based cycle-accurate model can be built in ORPSoC.

It may be useful to measure all lipoprotein subfractions ( VLDL, IDL, LDL, HDL ) when assessing hypercholesterolemia and measurement of apolipoproteins and lipoprotein ( a ) can also be of value.

With HDL Coder, also from MathWorks, Simulink and Stateflow can automatically generate synthesizable VHDL and Verilog.

For example, using add-on code generation products, a Stateflow user can automatically generate C, HDL, and PLC code from a Stateflow chart.

When properly performed, strength training can provide significant functional benefits and improvement in overall health and well-being, including increased bone, muscle, tendon and ligament strength and toughness, improved joint function, reduced potential for injury, increased bone density, a temporary increase in metabolism, improved cardiac function, and elevated HDL ( good ) cholesterol.

This type of rash can be as a result of large doses of niacin or no-flush niacin ( 2000 – 2500 mg ), used for the management of low HDL cholesterol.

However, if you have the misfortune to possess the genotype haptoglobin 2-2, the study shows that this same treatment can drastically decrease your HDL function and cause cardiovascular disease.

SR-B1 can interact not only with oxidized LDL but also with normal LDL and high-density lipoproteins ( HDL ).

High-density lipoprotein ( HDL ) is one of the five major groups of lipoproteins, which, in order of sizes, largest to smallest, are chylomicrons, VLDL, IDL, LDL, and HDL, which enable lipids like cholesterol and triglycerides to be transported within the water-based bloodstream.

Instead, it may be that other underlying factors, like genes, diet and exercise, affect both HDL levels and the likelihood of having a heart attack ; it is possible that medicines may affect the directly measurable factor, HDL levels, without affecting the chance of heart attack.

) While the example above may seem verbose to HDL beginners, many parts are either optional or need to be written only once.

Cholesterol drugs may be used to lower LDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels, if they are elevated, and to raise HDL levels if they are low.

Development of torcetrapib, a drug that increases production of HDL, or " good cholesterol ", which reduces LDL thought to be correlated to heart disease, was cancelled in December 2006.

In general, as the design flow progresses toward a physically realizable form, the design database becomes progressively more laden with technology-specific information, which cannot be stored in a generic HDL description.

Examples include the high-density ( HDL ) and low-density ( LDL ) lipoproteins, which enable fats to be carried in the blood stream, the transmembrane proteins of the mitochondrion and the chloroplast, and bacterial lipoproteins.

They may be provided as an HDL description ( often termed a " soft macro "), or as a fully routed design that could be printed directly onto an ASIC's mask ( often termed a hard macro ).

# Induction of lipoprotein lipolysis: Increased triglyceride-rich lipoproteins ( TRL ) lipolysis could be a reflection of changes in intrinsic lipoprotein lipase ( LPL ) activity which may contribute to the increase of plasma HDL concentrations and a more efficient reverse cholesterol transport.

The PALASM ( from " PAL assembler ") language was used to express boolean equations for the output pins in a text file which was then converted to the ' fuse map ' file for the programming system using a vendor-supplied program ; later the option of translation from schematics became common, and later still, ' fuse maps ' could be ' synthesized ' from an HDL ( hardware description language ,) such as Verilog.

It does not directly account for HDL, and it does not distinguish among the different genes that may be partially responsible for some of these conditions.

) To simulate an e-testbench with a design written in VHDL / Verilog, Specman must be run in conjunction with a separate HDL simulation tool.

The FPGA configuration is generally specified using a hardware description language ( HDL ), similar to that used for an application-specific integrated circuit ( ASIC ) ( circuit diagrams were previously used to specify the configuration, as they were for ASICs, but this is increasingly rare ) in one package, employing technology developed for 3D construction and stacked-die assemblies.

Many laboratories used a two-step method: Chemical precipitation of lipoproteins containing apoprotein B, then calculating HDL associated cholesterol as the cholesterol remaining in the supernate, and there are also direct methods.

Niacin has been used for over 50 years to increase levels of HDL in the blood and has been found to modestly decrease the risk of cardiovascular events in a number of controlled human trials.

Verilog, standardized as IEEE 1364, is a hardware description language ( HDL ) used to model electronic systems.

It is used as a nutritional supplement intended to lower LDL cholesterol (" bad " cholesterol ) and increase HDL cholesterol (" good " or " healthy " cholesterol ) and to help prevent atherosclerosis, though some studies have raised questions about the effectiveness of policosanol.

Products include logic synthesis, behavioral synthesis, place and route, static timing analysis, formal verification, HDL ( SystemC, SystemVerilog / Verilog, VHDL ) simulators as well as transistor-level circuit simulation.

description and an abstract behavioral description of digital logic that we see in HDL systems like Verilog.

A variety of blood tests are available for analyzing cholesterol transport behavior, HDL, LDL, triglycerides, lipoprotein little a, homocysteine, C-reactive protein, blood sugar control: fasting, after eating or averages using glycosylated albumen or hemoglobin, myoglobin, creatine kinase, troponin, brain-type natriuretic peptide, etc.

It is often contrasted with low-density or LDL cholesterol or LDL-C. HDL particles are able to remove cholesterol from within artery atheroma and transport it back to the liver for excretion or re-utilization, which is the main reason why the cholesterol carried within HDL particles ( HDL-C ) is sometimes called " good cholesterol " ( despite the fact that it is exactly the same as the cholesterol in LDL particles ).

Delivery of HDL cholesterol to adrenals, ovaries, and testes is important for the synthesis of steroid hormones.

Low concentrations of HDL ( below 40 mg / dL for men, below 50 mg / dL for women ) increase the risk for atherosclerotic diseases.

Data from the landmark Framingham Heart Study showed that, for a given level of LDL, the risk of heart disease increases 10-fold as the HDL varies from high to low.

On the converse, however, for a fixed level of HDL, the risk increases 3-fold as LDL varies from low to high.

< div class =" noprint "> Reference ranges for blood tests, comparing HDL cholesterol ( in orange at right ) to other blood constituents .</ div >

The American Heart Association, NIH and NCEP provides a set of guidelines for fasting HDL levels and risk for heart disease.

By lowering VLDL levels, niacin also increases the level of high-density lipoprotein ( HDL ) or " good " cholesterol in blood, and therefore it is sometimes prescribed for people with low HDL, who are also at high risk of a heart attack.

In electronics, a hardware description language or HDL is any language from a class of computer languages, specification languages, or modeling languages for formal description and design of electronic circuits, and most commonly, digital logic.

Like concurrent programming languages, HDL syntax and semantics include explicit notations for expressing concurrency.

In short, logic synthesis propelled HDL technology into a central role for digital design.

However, VHDL and Verilog share many of the same limitations: neither HDL is suitable for analog / mixed-signal circuit simulation.